A protostellar disk is threaded by a static magnetic field that is perpendicular to the disk-surface. The magnetic field acts to brake the protostellar disk and cause the disk material to move towards the protostar. General analytic equations are derived for the accretion speed, and mass accretion rate. Simplified analytic equations are also obtained for the disk energy dissipation, accretion timescale and the disk radial position plus disk surface density, as a function of time. In addition to providing physical insight, such equations might be useful as a check on computational models for protostar and protostellar disk formation.
xeno-/exo-/astro -choreoreadings is a postdoctoral artistic research project that explores research questions that reopen site- and place-responsive choreographic practices by expanding the notions of ‘site’ and ‘place’ to outer space. The prefixes in the title refer to planetary conditions to which I do not have direct access. Another key choreographic exploration focuses on embodying hyper-reading and examining the impact of digital reading on embodied artistic practice. Hyper-reading refers to a computer-assisted, screen-based reading practice that has become common in contemporary daily life globally. It connects the reader to the limitless cyberspace. The research project blends these two spatial dimensions, in which the examination of the notions of choreography and choreoreading happen. The research process is multidisciplinary and hybrid in nature, producing artworks, traces, and reflections. The results are presented in this exposition as artworks and as reflections on the choreographic practice that this process has clarified.<style>/* rules to make button only show up in META */.download-accessible { display:none;}.meta-right-col .download-accessible { display: inline-block; padding: 9px; margin-bottom:25px; border: 1px solid black; background-color:white;}</style><a class="download-accessible" href="/profile/download-media?work=4081900&file=4083694" title="This accessible PDF is a derivative of the original which it is meant to support and not replace.">Download Accessible PDF</a></span> keywords: choreoreading, Choreography, artistic research, place-taking, space / place, space and body
Both the Galactic Center and little red dots (LRDs) host million-solar-mass black holes within dense, cold reservoirs of molecules associated with dust grains, and are electromagnetically tranquil. These conditions enable complex molecular chemistry and may serve as natural laboratories for prebiotic genetic evolution by allowing the synthesis of organic molecules essential for life.
The transiting dust clouds that orbit the white dwarf J0328-1219 are devoid of small particles (< 0.1 micron). Observations show that fade amount doesn't depend on wavelength. This finding resembles a similar observation for white dwarf WD 1145+017, but the explanations for an absence of small particles in the two white dwarf systems may differ due to their different distances from the star.
A ideia original de inflação, também conhecida como inflaçãofria, surgiu para resolver uma série de problemas associados aomodelo do Big Bang. A inflação quente é uma reformulação da dinâmicainflacionária que faz uma ponte mais precisa com possíveis modelosmicroscópicos que podem levar a tal dinâmica e que possam terocorrido no Universo primordial. As conexões com a física da teoriaquântica de campos, física estatística e termodinâmica se tornammais transparentes na inflação quente, o que a torna uma formulaçãomais apropriada quando queremos comparar seus resultados e prediçõescom os dados observacionais. Neste artigo, eu revejo as motivaçõespor trás da ideia da inflação quente, sua origem por meio deprimeiros princípios e como ela fornece uma descrição que é maisconsistente, tanto teórica como observacional, do que a inflaçãofria.
Flares of known astronomical sources and new transient phenomena occur on different timescales, from sub-seconds to several days or weeks. The discovery potential of both serendipitous observations and multi-messenger and multi-wavelength follow-up observations could be maximized with a tool which allows for quickly acquiring an overview over both persistent sources as well as transient events in the relevant phase space. We here present COincidence LIBrary for Real-time Inquiry (Astro-COLIBRI), a novel and comprehensive tool for this task. Astro-COLIBRI's architecture comprises a RESTful API, a real-time database, a cloud-based alert system and a website (https://astro-colibri.com) as well as apps for iOS and Android as clients for users. The structure of Astro-COLIBRI is optimized for performance and reliability and exploits concepts such as multi-index database queries, a global content delivery network (CDN), and direct data streams from the database to the clients. Astro-COLIBRI evaluates incoming VOEvent messages of astronomical observations in real time, filters them by user-specified criteria and puts them into their MWL and MM context. The clients provide a graphical representation with an easy to grasp summary of the relevant data to allow for the fast identification of interesting phenomena and provides an assessment of observing conditions at a large selection of observatories around the world. We here summarize the key features of Astro-COLIBRI, the architecture and used data resources. We specifically provide examples for applications and use cases. Focussing on the high-energy domain, we showcase how Astro-COLIBRI facilitates the search for high-energy gamma-ray counterparts to high-energy neutrinos and scheduling of follow-up observations of a large variety of transient phenomena like gamma-ray bursts, gravitational waves, TDEs, FRBs, and others.
In rapidly rotating turbulence (Rossby number much less than unity), the standard mixing length theory for turbulent convection breaks and Coriolis force enters the force balance such that magnetic field eventually depends on rotation. By simplifying the self-sustained magnetohydrodynamics dynamo equations of electrically conducting fluid motion, with the aid of theory of isotropic non-rotating or anisotropic rotating turbulence driven by thermal convection, we make estimations and derive scaling laws for stellar magnetic fields with slow and fast rotation. Our scaling laws are in good agreement with the observations.
The Visible InfraRed (VIR) mapping spectrometer onboard Dawn mission has obtained the spatial distribution of the spectral reflectance of Vesta in the wavelength ranges between 0.25-1.07 micrometers and 0.95-5.1 micrometers. A photometric correction allows to characterize the intrinsic variability of the surface albedo by removing the dependance of the reflectance from the observing geometry. In this work, we present the photometric correction obtained for observations from the Survey, HAMO and HAMO 2 mission phases at Vesta in the whole spectral range investigated by VIR, as well as the surface albedo maps.
Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is an area of projected growth and importance with several agents in clinical use, new agents in late-phase clinical trials, as well as many others under testing and development. This manuscript proposes a framework for developing pathways of care that can be broadly applied to all RPTs, representing the the current status of RPT, suggests foundational elements for many pathways of care for patients with cancer and concludes with areas in active development and the future horizon for RPT treatment centers. Developing a framework for patient-centered pathways of care is a critical step in establishing RPT as standard therapy for patients with a diverse spectrum of cancers. This expected increase in RPT treatment options will impact a much larger population of complex cancer patients. It will also require enhanced coordination and collaboration among appropriately qualified personnel with diverse expertise in image acquisition, image interpretation, quantitative imaging, dosimetry calculation, radiation QA and safety as well as oncology care and RPT-induced sequelae and response assessment. The essential role of this evolving RPT care team within multidisciplinary oncology care is a cornerstone of this framework for a patient-centered pathway of care for RPT. Given the status of current RPT practice and the horizon for future applications, this patient-centered pathway of care guidance is timely and should help inform future clinical RPT practice paradigms.
Purpose: The aim of this guideline is to present recommendations regarding moderately hypofractionated (240-340 cGy per fraction) and ultrahypofractionated (500 cGy or more per fraction) radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: The American Society for Radiation Oncology convened a task force to address 8 key questions on appropriate indications and dose-fractionation for moderately and ultrahypofractionated radiation therapy, as well as technical issues, including normal tissue dose constraints, treatment volumes, and use of image guided and intensity modulated radiation therapy. Recommendations were based on a systematic literature review and created using a predefined consensus-building methodology and Society-approved tools for grading evidence quality and recommendation strength. Results: Based on high-quality evidence, strong consensus was reached for offering moderate hypofractionation across risk groups to patients choosing external beam radiation therapy. The task force conditionally recommends ultrahypofractionated radiation may be offered for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer but strongly encourages treatment of intermediate-risk patients on a clinical trial or multi-institutional registry. For high-risk patients, the task force conditionally recommends against routine use of ultrahypofractionated external beam radiation therapy. With any hypofractionated approach, the task force strongly recommends image guided radiation therapy and avoidance of nonmodulated 3-dimensional conformal techniques. Conclusions: Hypofractionated radiation therapy provides important potential advantages in cost and convenience for patients, and these recommendations are intended to provide guidance on moderate hypofractionation and ultrahypofractionation for localized prostate cancer. The limits in the current evidentiary base—especially for ultrahypofractionation—highlight the imperative to support large-scale randomized clinical trials and underscore the importance of shared decision making between clinicians and patients.
Diversifying the radiation oncology workforce is an urgent and unmet need. During the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) 2019 Annual Meeting, ASTRO's Committee on Health Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (CHEDI) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) collaborated on the ASTRO-NCI Diversity Symposium, entitled "Pathways for Recruiting and Retaining Women and Underrepresented Minority Clinicians and Physician Scientists Into the Radiation Oncology Workforce." Herein, we summarize the presented data and personal anecdotes with the goal of raising awareness of ongoing and future initiatives to improve recruitment and retention of underrepesented groups to radiation oncology. Common themes include the pivotal role of mentorship and standardized institutional practices – such as protected time and pay parity – as critical to achieving a more diverse and inclusive workplace.
Aim/Objectives/Background: Timely, accurate, and effective communications are critical to quality in contemporary medical practices. Radiation oncology incorporates the science and technology of complex integrated radiation treatment delivery and the art of managing individual patients. Through written physical and/or electronic reports and direct communication, radiation oncologists convey critical information regarding patient care, services provided, and quality of care. Applicable practice parameters need to be revised periodically regarding medical record documentation for professional and technical components of services delivered. Methods: The ACR–ASTRO Practice Parameter for Communication: Radiation Oncology was revised according to the process described on the American College of Radiology (ACR) Web site (“The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards,” www.acr.org/ClinicalResources/Practice-Parametersand-Technical-Standards) by the Committee on Practice Parameters of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology in collaboration with the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). Both societies then reviewed and approved the document. Results: This practice parameter addresses radiation oncology communications in general, including (a) medical record, (b) electronic, and (c) doctor-patient communications, as well as specific documentation for radiation oncology reports such as (a) consultation, (b) clinical treatment management notes (including inpatient communication), (c) treatment (completion) summary, and (d) follow-up visits. Conclusions: The radiation oncologist’s participation in the multidisciplinary management of patients is reflected in timely, medically appropriate, and informative communication with the referring physician and other members of the health care team. The ACR–ASTRO Practice Parameter for Communication: Radiation Oncology is an educational tool designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate communication regarding radiation oncology care for patients.
Abstract The article describes the main features and algorithms of Astro Space Locator (ASL) software package. This high performance package has a user-friendly graphical interface and it is used for VLBI data processing and reduction. ASL supports data editing, calibration, multi-frequency analysis, standard and multi-frequency VLBI imaging.
ABSTRACT Green criminological scholarship has expanded considerably in the previous two decades. However, criminologists are yet to acknowledge the space related environmental harms caused by humankind. Consequently, this article makes the case for an astro-green criminology and has two central aims. The first is to discuss the importance of astro-green criminology by examining the environmental harms related to human exploration of outer space. The second is to ‘map the terrain’ of future research into astro-green crimes and harms. This includes the proposal of five quintessential areas of study: space refuse and debris; space mining; emissions pollutions from space related activities; protecting extraterrestrial heritage sites; and the future uses of the extraterrestrial world by humans.
The purpose of this document is to demonstrate the reasoning behind the specific measurement requirements in the white paper by James et al. titled "The value of surface-based gravity and gravity gradient measurements at the Moon's south pole with Artemis III". As described in this document, measurement requirements in practice will depend on a number of factors, including the geographic location, the shape of the local terrain, the precision to which elevation is known, and the nature of drift in the gravimeter.
Indications are presented for a significant connection between the relative motion of the planets and the appearance of energetic solar flares. Based on the records of the last four decades, the analysis highlights remarkable features and a lack of randomness in the data. The indications are supported further by the predictive power of a preliminary application to forecasting with machine learning methods.
Steven A. Benner, Elisa Biondi, Hyo-Joong Kim
et al.
NASA should design missions to Mars for the purpose of generating "Aha!" discoveries to jolt scientists contemplating the molecular origins of life. These missions should be designed with an understanding of the privileged chemistry that likely created RNA prebiotically on Earth, and universal chemical principles that constrain the structure of Darwinian molecules generally.
Abstract Purpose In recent years, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has received requests for a standard list of data elements from other societies, database architects, Electronic Health Record vendors and, most recently, the pharmaceutical industry. These requests point to a growing interest in capturing radiation oncology data within registries and for quality measurement, interoperability initiatives, and research. Identifying a short and consistent list will lead to improved care coordination, a reduction in data entry by practice staff, and a more complete view of the holistic approach required for cancer treatment. Methods and Materials The task force formulated recommendations based on analysis from radiation specific data elements currently in use in registries, accreditation programs, incident learning systems, and electronic health records. The draft manuscript was peer reviewed by 8 reviewers and ASTRO legal counsel and was revised accordingly and posted on the ASTRO website for public comment in April 2019 for 2 weeks. The final document was approved by the ASTRO Board of Directors in June 2019.