Hasil untuk "Small and medium-sized businesses, artisans, handicrafts, trades"

E. Andrew Taylor

Kanwalroop Kathy Dhanda, Mahfuja Malik

PurposeCarbon offsets gained attention about 15 years ago, with numerous providers emerging under regulated and voluntary regimes. However, due to a lack of technical literacy among some market participants, no common quality or certification structure existed, leading to concerns over “worthless” credits. This paper critically assesses the voluntary carbon market’s evolution, aiming to identify top providers and evaluate them based on six criteria: project quality, additionality, certifications, single ownership, price transparency and social entrepreneurship. The last criteria are new research criteria since the purpose of this study is to determine how many projects are aimed at social entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines factors determining top carbon offset providers, with a focus on the role of social entrepreneurship. We ranked 73 providers based on criteria like project quality, additionality, certifications and social entrepreneurship. Our analysis found that project quality and certification were key differentiators, while social entrepreneurship had the lowest score. Despite many providers engaging in sustainable projects, few were women- or minority-owned. This study highlights the effectiveness of current criteria and key focus areas within the carbon offset sector.FindingsOur results show that top carbon offset providers are distinguished by project quality, certifications and standardizations. While most focus on sustainable projects, there is little emphasis on women- and minority-owned initiatives. Social entrepreneurship is only correlated with project quality and price transparency, not with other factors like additionality or certifications. Top providers excel in project quality, additionality, certifications, single ownership and price transparency but not in social entrepreneurship. Probit regression analysis highlights project quality, additionality, price transparency and social entrepreneurship as the most important criteria, with social entrepreneurship scoring the lowest.Research limitations/implicationsBecause the study was based on a web search, our team could only research carbon offset providers that had operational websites and that were in English. Hence, our study did not include those ventures that do not have a web presence or whose webpages are in other languages.Practical implicationsThis paper can be used by individuals or organizations that are looking into carbon neutrality to understand the risks and misinformation in the market. We hope this study will provide background and guidance to social entrepreneurs and policy makers in the space of social entrepreneurship. Indeed, though there are examples of corporations purchasing carbon assets in the media, most of these are large-scale projects.Social implicationsIn our survey, we included a question asking respondents to explore whether carbon offset providers’ projects were social ventures. If they were, respondents classified these projects into four categories: women entrepreneurship, minority entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship or development entrepreneurship. The goal was to determine if providers focus on social projects, such as those owned by women or minorities or projects within the sustainable or development spheres.Originality/valueOur study is one of the first to link social entrepreneurship to the area of carbon offsets. To our knowledge, no prior study has linked these two domains of research. Given that these markets are largely unregulated, users must grasp how they function and be aware of concerns such as the lack of standardization and the risk of double-counting permits.

David Ahlstrom, Younggeun Lee

Boris Urban, Mahad Moti

While extensive research exists on immigrants as workers and migrant laborers, studies on immigrants as entrepreneurs in emerging economies are only beginning to emerge. This article addresses the limited knowledge on how immigrant entrepreneurs' agency, particularly their motivations, influences their enterprise growth. It provides a novel, in-depth analysis of how immigrant entrepreneurs leverage self-efficacy and social capital to navigate the challenges posed by the regulatory institutional environment. The study was conducted in South Africa using primary survey data, analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a positive and significant impact on the growth and innovation performance of immigrant enterprises. However, the moderating effects of institutional factors were not significant in this relationship. This study underscores the importance of key drivers of immigrant entrepreneurship within emerging market contexts. The insights gained may be adapted by immigrant entrepreneurs to their specific local environments. The originality of this research lies in establishing closer empirical connections between previously unlinked factors in the study of immigrant entrepreneurship within an African market context.

Pintu Das

Social media is increasingly being included into the marketing plans of many micro and small enterprises as a useful tool for connecting with a sizable collection of prospective buyers in ways that enable individuals to impart knowledge in a natural conversation. Despite the fact that historically, marketers have put all of their efforts into getting the best possible placement in the market. The best chance for micro and small enterprises may arise in this area as individuals may begin to view social media platforms as their primary source of all information over time. The purpose of this paper is to comprehend how well internet media works to promote shopping websites that have an impact on consumer purchasing decisions. With the rise in popularity of Websites like ‘Twitter’, ‘Facebook’, ‘LinkedIn’, and ‘YouTube’, Social Media Marketing has grown increasingly widespread. Marketing carried out on social media platforms or online social networking sites is referred to as social media marketing. The majority of businesses and organisations have their own websites; however, it might be challenging to reach individuals who are unaware of the organisation. As a result, many businesses have found it beneficial to have online profiles on sites. The goal of this study is to develop practical recommendations and offer strategic insights to help consumer brands use social media more effectively. In addition, it was discovered that social media platforms and the businesses themselves played a significant role in affecting engagement levels, suggesting that there is no single recipe for successful social media management.

Shoshanah Goldberg-Miller, Rachel Skaggs

Creative economies are touted as engines for economic prosperity and social good in cities. The wide applicability and inclusive definition of what counts in creative economies means that conceptual definitions are not universal. Studies on the promise of the creative economy have emerged, however, analyses of these reports and their policy value are scarce. We explore five creative economy reports, applying the Narrative Policy Framework, a novel analytic lens for comparing policy documents according to “setting,” “characters,” “plot,” and “moral of the.” Key contributions of this research center the ways that reports use rhetorical devices and empirical data to support claims and recommendations, forwarding policy learning and adaptation as tools for building and sustaining creative city branding.

Nathinee Chucherdwatanasak

After its 2010–11 contentious strike, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO) reinvented itself as “the most accessible orchestra on the planet.” This post-strike vision and its subsequent strategies reflected corporate entrepreneurship’s two phenomena: corporate venturing and strategic renewal. The DSO’s entrepreneurial turn enabled the orchestra to be more flexible strategically and structurally, broadened its role to become both nonprofit cultural organization and social-service institution, and helped the DSO contribute to revitalizing Detroit. Still, as most activities took place in Downtown/Midtown and Metro Detroit neighborhoods, the DSO was still far from being a true advocate for citizens of its very own city.

Antonio Molina-García, Belen Florido-Ruiz, Marta Campos Valenzuela et al.

The purpose of this article is to study the effect of family ownership and family generation on financial literacy. To do that, we have analysed a sample of 195 Spanish family businesses, reaching the conclusion that the level of family ownership exerts a negative influence on financial literacy. On the other hand, as family generations advance, financial literacy is favoured. This study benefits professionals and entrepreneurs, since they could, through a series of guidelines, improve financial literacy and, with it, the viability of their respective firms

Lucas Bonacina Roldan, William Neves Bastos

En la actualidad es indiscutible la necesidad de las empresas de estar siempre innovando para mantenerse competitivas. Sin embargo, el impacto de estas innovaciones entre ellas y en el propio desempeño de la empresa necesita ser mejor explotado y comprendido. El presente artículo analiza la relación entre los tipos innovaciones y el desempeño en los parques tecnológicos brasileños. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se realizó una survey con 231 empresas residentes en los parques tecnológicos brasileños y el análisis de los datos obtenidos se dio a través del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Como resultados, se ha identificado que las innovaciones organizacionales influencian las innovaciones de proceso y de marketing, las innovaciones de proceso influencian la innovación de producto y el desempeño organizacional y la innovación de marketing influye en el desempeño organizacional

Yang Xu

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate into the conditions under which founders’ human capital (HC) benefits new venture growth (NVG). One such condition is investigated in this study – initial assets at founding. Specifically, founding assets are hypothesized to moderate the relationship between founders’ HC and NVG. Design/methodology/approach – The longitudinal panel database from the Kauffman Firm Survey for the period 2004–2011 was used to test the hypotheses. The final sample consisted of 4,923 firms, with 34,461 observations made over seven years. Findings – The regression analysis found the effect of founders’ HC on NVG and the moderating role of founding assets in the HC–NVG relationship. Research limitations/implications – New ventures benefit even more from founders’ education level, industry and startup experiences when the startups have larger assets at founding. The effect of founders’ education and experiences on startup growth is contingent upon the initial assets at founding. Practical implications – The results of this study can help practitioners and policy makers to understand the drivers of NVG and the interactions among these drivers. Growth-oriented startups may require a large investment in founding assets such as production facilities. Startups with fewer founding assets may find it particularly difficult to negotiate with external stakeholders and may face unusually intense competitive responses from competitors. Policy makers should tailor the support to the founding conditions of new firms. Originality/value – The prior literature has shown mostly the independent positive effects of various resources on firm growth. This study argues and empirically shows that startups grow faster when founders with high HC have more assets to utilize. The resource-based view literature was expanded by adding important new causal mechanisms, enriching our understanding of how founders’ HC interact with founding assets, jointly affecting NVG. Like a big fish in a small pond, even highly educated and experienced entrepreneurs have limited opportunities to utilize their talents in a startup with a lower initial resource position.

Jason White

The purpose of this study is to lay a foundation for comparative analysis of arts entrepreneurs' demographics and shared characteristics in a given U.S. arts sector. Guided by a conceptual framework for the U.S. arts sector, I utilized a cross sectional survey design to generate data for analysis. In this article, I reflect on the research process, interpret findings, and utilize new understandings as a catalyst for guiding and informing directions for the emerging arts entrepreneurship research field.

Susan Badger Booth, Diane Ragsdale

We offer this fourth installment in our opinion series, “Perspectives,” as the last in which we invite Artivate's current editorial board members to respond to open-ended prompts about: their position in relation to arts entrepreneurship; how arts entrepreneurship is situated in relation to other disciplines or fields; what problems we are grappling with as scholars, practitioners, teachers, and artists; and what are the research questions we are attempting to answer individually or as a field. In this installment's pair of contributions, Susan Badger Booth and Diane Ragsdale reflect on arts entrepreneurship in two different contexts: individual university students and alumni on the one hand, and organizations in a system on the other, thus reflecting the diversity of arts entrepreneurship contexts found in this issue's three features. 

Andrea Hausmann, Anne Heinze

This article reports the results of a systematic review of the current state of research on arts, cultural, and creative entrepreneurship. By means of a systematic database search, 50 scientific articles from peer-reviewed journals were identified and analyzed with regard to the interpretation of the terms and the primary objects and focal areas of current research. In conclusion, it can be stated that to date there is no consensual understanding of the terms. While some authors differentiate between entrepreneurs and other players in the cultural and creative industries, the majority of researchers makes no such distinction. Moreover, the specific objects of current research mainly fall into the two categories “groups of persons” and “sub-segments of the cultural and creative industries.” And, finally, while there exists some considerable research on entrepreneurship in the music industry by now, less attention was paid to other sub-sectors of the cultural and creative industries.

Richard C. Becherer, Marilyn M. Helms, John P. McDonald

This study examines how entrepreneurial marketing dimensions (proactiveness, opportunity focused, leveraging, innovativeness, risk taking, value creation, and customer intensity) are related to qualitative and quantitative outcome measures for the SME and the entrepreneur (including company success, customer success, financial success, satisfaction with return goals, satisfaction with growth goals, excellence, and the entrepreneurʼs standard of living). Using factor analysis, three success outcome variables (financial, customer, and strong company success) emerged together. A separate factor analysis identified satisfactory growth and return goals. Stepwise regression revealed entrepreneurial marketing impacts outcome variables, particularly value creation. Implications for entrepreneurs and areas for research are included.

Susan Houghton, Mark Simon

We explored whether employees in smaller, younger firms would be more ethically compromised, and whether employee identification moderates this relationship.We collected survey data from 154 working professionals enrolled in an MBA program in the southeastern United States. We found that employees of smaller, younger firms selected more compromised ethical choices than employees of larger, older firms. Contrary to our expectations, employee identification had no effect in smaller, younger, firms, yet in larger, older firms, identification actually reduced ethical compliance, suggesting that there is not a simple relationship between identification and ethical compliance.

James W. Bronson

Book review by James W. Bronson. Rob van der Horst, Sandra King-Kauanui, and Susan Duffy, ed., Keystones of Entrepreneurship Knowledge, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. ISBN 9781405139212

Gad J. Selig

According to the Department of Commerce, start-up, small, and family businesses are among the fastest growing areas of employment. Even under the best economic environment, starting a business is risky. To reduce the risks and to establish their own businesses, an increasing number of entrepreneurs and corporate converts are buying franchises. Franchising has enjoyed a major increase in popularity during the early 1990s, fueled largely by the growing pool of available candidates made possible by significant corporate and government downsizing. According to the Department of Commerce, franchising accounts for nearly one-third of all U.S. retail sales and employs over 7 million people. If an individual has the motivation, skills, capital, leadership, entrepreneurial spirit, and risk-taking attributes required to start and manage a business, franchising provides a structured alternative to accomplish this objective. Franchising encompasses both high risks and high rewards. While it is not for everyone, franchising represents a method to start and/or transition into your own business. This refereed article describes the why, what, and how of franchising. It discusses the driving forces for franchising from both the franchiser's and franchisee's perspective, what it takes to be a franchisee, how to become an educated businessperson, what to do once you have selected a franchise, the do's and don'ts, the risks and rewards, and how to sell a franchise.

Sir Gilbert Simpson

Sir Gil Simpson is one of New Zealand℉s pioneers in software development, having started in the field in 1967. He holds steadfast to his dream that one day his approach to software programming will take hold around the world. Simpson has just opened up the company℉s first office in the United States; he expects his first significant foray into this country will be a successful one.

Todd A. Finkle, Reinhold P. Lamb

This study fills a gap in previous research by investigating differences between the short- and long-run aftermarket performances in a sample of emerging v. nonemerging industries.

Robert P. Singh, Ralph C. Hybel, Gerald E. Hill

This study examines the importance of social network size and structural holes within the network to the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process.