Hasil untuk "Music"

Eric D. Scheirer, M. Slaney

Robert O. Gjerdingen

C. Roads

Leonard B. Meyer

T. DeNora

V. Menon, D. Levitin

Although the neural underpinnings of music cognition have been widely studied in the last 5 years, relatively little is known about the neuroscience underlying emotional reactions that music induces in listeners. Many people spend a significant amount of time listening to music, and its emotional power is assumed but not well understood. Here, we use functional and effective connectivity analyses to show for the first time that listening to music strongly modulates activity in a network of mesolimbic structures involved in reward processing including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), as well as the hypothalamus and insula, which are thought to be involved in regulating autonomic and physiological responses to rewarding and emotional stimuli. Responses in the NAc and the VTA were strongly correlated pointing to an association between dopamine release and NAc response to music. Responses in the NAc and the hypothalamus were also strongly correlated across subjects, suggesting a mechanism by which listening to pleasant music evokes physiological reactions. Effective connectivity confirmed these findings, and showed significant VTA-mediated interaction of the NAc with the hypothalamus, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. The enhanced functional and effective connectivity between brain regions mediating reward, autonomic, and cognitive processing provides insight into understanding why listening to music is one of the most rewarding and pleasurable human experiences.

P. Juslin, J. Sloboda

G. Schellenberg

N. Dees, Qunyuan Zhang, C. Kandoth et al.

Massively parallel sequencing technology and the associated rapidly decreasing sequencing costs have enabled systemic analyses of somatic mutations in large cohorts of cancer cases. Here we introduce a comprehensive mutational analysis pipeline that uses standardized sequence-based inputs along with multiple types of clinical data to establish correlations among mutation sites, affected genes and pathways, and to ultimately separate the commonly abundant passenger mutations from the truly significant events. In other words, we aim to determine the Mutational Significance in Cancer (MuSiC) for these large data sets. The integration of analytical operations in the MuSiC framework is widely applicable to a broad set of tumor types and offers the benefits of automation as well as standardization. Herein, we describe the computational structure and statistical underpinnings of the MuSiC pipeline and demonstrate its performance using 316 ovarian cancer samples from the TCGA ovarian cancer project. MuSiC correctly confirms many expected results, and identifies several potentially novel avenues for discovery.

T. Eerola, J. Vuoskoski

V. Salimpoor, Iris van den Bosch, N. Kovacevic et al.

Thomas Schäfer, P. Sedlmeier, Christine Städtler et al.

Why do people listen to music? Over the past several decades, scholars have proposed numerous functions that listening to music might fulfill. However, different theoretical approaches, different methods, and different samples have left a heterogeneous picture regarding the number and nature of musical functions. Moreover, there remains no agreement about the underlying dimensions of these functions. Part one of the paper reviews the research contributions that have explicitly referred to musical functions. It is concluded that a comprehensive investigation addressing the basic dimensions underlying the plethora of functions of music listening is warranted. Part two of the paper presents an empirical investigation of hundreds of functions that could be extracted from the reviewed contributions. These functions were distilled to 129 non-redundant functions that were then rated by 834 respondents. Principal component analysis suggested three distinct underlying dimensions: People listen to music to regulate arousal and mood, to achieve self-awareness, and as an expression of social relatedness. The first and second dimensions were judged to be much more important than the third—a result that contrasts with the idea that music has evolved primarily as a means for social cohesion and communication. The implications of these results are discussed in light of theories on the origin and the functionality of music listening and also for the application of musical stimuli in all areas of psychology and for research in music cognition.

M. Thoma, R. La Marca, R. Brönnimann et al.

Background Music listening has been suggested to beneficially impact health via stress-reducing effects. However, the existing literature presents itself with a limited number of investigations and with discrepancies in reported findings that may result from methodological shortcomings (e.g. small sample size, no valid stressor). It was the aim of the current study to address this gap in knowledge and overcome previous shortcomings by thoroughly examining music effects across endocrine, autonomic, cognitive, and emotional domains of the human stress response. Methods Sixty healthy female volunteers (mean age = 25 years) were exposed to a standardized psychosocial stress test after having been randomly assigned to one of three different conditions prior to the stress test: 1) relaxing music (‘Miserere’, Allegri) (RM), 2) sound of rippling water (SW), and 3) rest without acoustic stimulation (R). Salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), subjective stress perception and anxiety were repeatedly assessed in all subjects. We hypothesized that listening to RM prior to the stress test, compared to SW or R would result in a decreased stress response across all measured parameters. Results The three conditions significantly differed regarding cortisol response (p = 0.025) to the stressor, with highest concentrations in the RM and lowest in the SW condition. After the stressor, sAA (p=0.026) baseline values were reached considerably faster in the RM group than in the R group. HR and psychological measures did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusion Our findings indicate that music listening impacted the psychobiological stress system. Listening to music prior to a standardized stressor predominantly affected the autonomic nervous system (in terms of a faster recovery), and to a lesser degree the endocrine and psychological stress response. These findings may help better understanding the beneficial effects of music on the human body.

Ana Pérez-Escoda, Cristina Ruiz-Poveda

Information consumption by young audiences in the internet of algorithms has become a timely issue in the public sphere. This comparative study examines media consumption among generation Z and their perceptions of news and misinformation from an international perspective. More precisely, this article explores the types of information young people consume, the media outlets they prefer for information, whether they prefer receiving information selected by algorithms, the credibility they grant different outlets, and their reception and perception of fake news. The methodological design was based on a quantitative approach focusing on descriptive and correlational analysis. Using a questionnaire, data were collected from a total sample of 405 university students from three countries: Spain, the United States, and Portugal. The results show that, across the three counties, the sample is predominantly informed by digital media and consumes mainly information on leisure and entertainment, humor and memes, music, and news. Reportedly, fake news does not appear to be a significant factor in their information consumption. This study reveals new, paradoxical findings about media credibility and the perception of fake news among generation Z. In the three countries, subjects report that their most used media outlets for information are also the least trusted: social media and websites. There are significant differences by country regarding the extent do young people like to receive information chosen by algorithms. Overall, while the study detects significant differences across countries, it also hints at a degree of homogenization in media consumption habits worldwide.

Yong Jiang, Beier Zhang, Hongbo Zhao et al.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of trait mindfulness's influence on college students' rumination and to analyze the chain mediating role of exercise behavior and optimistic intelligence quotient.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted on 1983 Chinese university students (mean age of subjects 19.10 ± 1.07 years) using the Trait mindfulness Scale, the Rumination Scale, the Physical Exercise Rating Scale, and the Optimization Scale. Among them, 996 were male and 987 were female university students.ResultsThe direct effect value of trait mindfulness on college students' rumination was −0.013, the effect values of exercise behavior and music quotient in the relationship between trait mindfulness and college students' rumination were −0.005 and −0.003, respectively, and the chain mediation effect of exercise behavior and music quotient was significant with an effect value of −0.093.Conclusions(1) trait mindfulness significantly and positively predicts exercise behavior and music quotient, and significantly and negatively predicts rumination among college students; (2) trait mindfulness has significant direct and indirect effects on rumination among college students. trait mindfulness can significantly predict rumination through the independent mediating effect of exercise behavior and music quotient, and can also significantly predict rumination through the chain mediating effect of exercise behavior and music quotient.

Henriette Blomgren

Resumé Artiklen orienterer sig mod æstetisk-visuelle metoder og tilgange i forskning med børn. Konteksten er børns møder med skolekoncerter, hvor professionelle musikere fremfører musik og fremviser instrumenter. Studiet knytter sig til et pilotprojekt og funderer sig i arts-based research med fokus på det æstetiske, performative, postkvalitative og materielle som omdrejningspunkter for at skabe handlinger, mening og viden. Med deltagende observationer, børneinterviews optaget med videokamera og børns tegninger som konkrete metoder udfolder artiklen børns møder med skolekoncerter som komplekse æstetisk-performative tilblivelsesprocesser. Her viser analyserne, at børnene i mødet med skolekoncerter og gennem tegning fremhæver materielle, musiske og menneskelige fænomener og relationer, og at disse har værdi for børnene. Artiklen viser og argumenterer for, at æstetisk-visuelle metoder og postkvalitative perspektiver bidrager til et syn på forskning, børn og skolekoncerter, som komplekse fænomener og øjeblikke, der bliver til gennem relationelle møder med humane og nonhumane kræfter. Nøgleord skolekoncert, arts-based research, instrumenter, børns tegninger, materialitet Abstract This article is turning towards aesthetic-visual methods and perspectives in research with children. The context is children’s encounters with school concerts (within the Danish compulsory school system) performed by professional musicians and their instruments. The study connects to a pilot-project and has an arts-based approach with attention to aesthetic, performative, post-qualitative, and material ways to create actions, meaning, and knowledge. Analysis of qualitative empirical material such as field notes and interviews with children including their drawings show how encounters with school concert are aesthetic-performative and becoming processes in which (intra)relations with instruments, music, musicians, and children are vital and vibrant. Keywords school concert, arts-based research, instruments, children’s drawings, materiality

Vygintas Orlovas

While the cultural phenomenon known as vaporwave is commonly traced back to 2009, its defining characteristics remain a subject of ongoing debate within both popular culture and academic circles. Various perspectives categorize it as a microgenre of electronic music, a meme, an art movement, a critique of capitalism, or even a manifestation of pure aesthetics. As such, vaporwave remains a complex and multifaceted topic for research. In this paper, I explore the influence of post-internet culture on the formation of vaporwave and its aesthetics by analyzing the methods and strategies used to create what is recognized as vaporwave, rather than attempting to label or define it precisely. As a further step in this inquiry, I document an attempt to apply these methods and strategies, resulting in the publication of four music albums. This practice-based approach to analyzing vaporwave through creation and publication helps to better understand some core qualities and aesthetics of this art movement.

Maria A. G. Witek, E. Clarke, M. Wallentin et al.

Moving to music is an essential human pleasure particularly related to musical groove. Structurally, music associated with groove is often characterised by rhythmic complexity in the form of syncopation, frequently observed in musical styles such as funk, hip-hop and electronic dance music. Structural complexity has been related to positive affect in music more broadly, but the function of syncopation in eliciting pleasure and body-movement in groove is unknown. Here we report results from a web-based survey which investigated the relationship between syncopation and ratings of wanting to move and experienced pleasure. Participants heard funk drum-breaks with varying degrees of syncopation and audio entropy, and rated the extent to which the drum-breaks made them want to move and how much pleasure they experienced. While entropy was found to be a poor predictor of wanting to move and pleasure, the results showed that medium degrees of syncopation elicited the most desire to move and the most pleasure, particularly for participants who enjoy dancing to music. Hence, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between syncopation, body-movement and pleasure, and syncopation seems to be an important structural factor in embodied and affective responses to groove.

Yan Du, Penny Roberts, Wei Liu

BackgroundNumerous studies have documented the beneficial effects of Tai Chi on a variety of health outcomes, especially in older adults. However, only few studies have examined how to improve the practice and adherence of this Asian-originated exercise among older adults in Western countries. ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to Tai Chi practice and adherence in community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThis study analyzed the qualitative data collected from 13 participants (mean age 62.0, SD 10.3) at the end of a 15-week randomized controlled trial conducted at a day activity senior center. Semistructured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed; and the data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. ResultsFour themes emerged: perceived benefit, threats, facilitators, and barriers. Perceived threats (eg, aging and side effects of medications) and perceived benefits of Tai Chi (eg, balance) inspired participants’ engagement in Tai Chi exercise. On the other hand, barriers to Tai Chi practice and adherence included instructor’s teaching style, the complexity of Tai Chi postures and movements, and existing health conditions (eg, hip problems). In essence, factors like Tai Chi class availability, family and peer support, as well as practicing Tai Chi with music may facilitate Tai Chi exercise adherence. ConclusionsThe study findings could provide valuable information to health professionals, such as nurses and physical therapists, in developing and implementing effective Tai Chi programs in care plans. Considering health conditions, tailoring Tai Chi exercise instruction styles, encouraging social and peer support, and incorporating music may promote Tai Chi practice and adherence.

Маrija K. Tanasković, Danijela М. Sudzilovski

Traditional music should have greater significance and impact in education of children of younger school age. Curricular content of music education lessons enables students to learn about heritage and, therefore, learn to respect and cherish Serbian music and traditional music of other nations. Becoming familiar with traditional music in music lessons is one form of contributing to the development of the awareness of cultural and national treasure and of the need for its preservation and cultivation. The paper presents research that included 671 teachers from all districts of the Republic of Serbia. The aim of the research is to examine the opinions of teachers regarding the status of traditional music in the lower grades of primary school. The method of theoretical analysis and descriptive method were used. The results show that the contents of traditional music are practiced to a greater extent, but primary school teachers also believe that there is a need for including more of these contents in music lessons. When it comes to specifying which traditional contents are used in music lessons, it is noticeable that in different regions the contents related to the traditions of the local environment are nurtured. The respondents believe that students have positive reactions to traditional content but that it is not in the first place when it comes to children’s interests. The research findings can serve as the basis for considering an improvement of continuous professional development courses for employees in education, but they can also be an incentive for collecting and publishing literature with the contents of traditional music in order to facilitate and improve the work of primary school teachers and the learning process of students.