Hasil untuk "Medical technology"

Amaka Perpetual Muoneke, Victor Godwin Essien, Tolulope Joseph Ogunniyi et al.

Abstract Nigeria has recorded recurrent Mpox outbreaks since the 1970s, with the most recent resurgence underscoring weaknesses in the country’s diagnostic and laboratory infrastructure. Despite improvements in molecular diagnostics, such as genome sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), limited access to testing facilities, shortages of trained personnel, and inadequate biosafety measures remains a significant challenge. Although collaborations with international partners during recent outbreaks of infectious diseases have enhanced diagnostic capacity. The COVID-19 pandemic led to investments that expanded diagnostic infrastructure and decentralized sample collection, yet logistical barriers persist, particularly in rural areas where inadequate transportation networks and power supply disruptions delay sample processing. Additionally, workforce shortages and high emigration rates among laboratory personnel further weakened the system’s efficiency. Therefore, this review evaluates Nigeria’s preparedness for Mpox surveillance and response by analyzing past outbreak management efforts, including Ebola and Lassa fever. It identifies key strengths and gaps in the laboratory system, highlights barriers to effective diagnostics, and explores opportunities for improvement in terms of upgrading biosafety infrastructure, capacity building of healthcare workers, fostering public-private partnerships to develop local diagnostic tools, and increasing government funding for laboratory services. Strengthening these areas is essential for improving Nigeria’s capacity to detect and contain Mpox outbreaks and enhancing overall public health preparedness.

Mohammad Abdolahi, Akbar Adelnia

Abstract Background The percentage of repeated images reflects both image quality and the unnecessary exposure of patients to X-rays. Before the digitalization of radiology systems, studying image repetition was common. However, since the transition to digital radiography, there have been fewer studies on this subject, likely because many believe that digital technology has removed the problem of image repetition. Aim of the study This study aimed to investigate the rate of repeat radiographs in the digital radiography (DR) imaging department and its reasons. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on radiographs taken during morning and evening shifts at two hospitals in April and May 2025. The analysis focused on the overall repeat rate, the repeat rates for each type of examination, and the reasons for the repeat radiographs. Results Of the total 2192 radiographs, 186 were repeated. From the data analysis, the overall average repeated image rate was 8.5%, and the most common reasons for image rejection were positioning error (48.91%) and centering error (18.81%). The rate of repetition varied for different examination types and patients in different age groups. Conclusion Digital radiography systems demonstrated a lower repeat rate compared to traditional radiographs. The primary cause of repeated images was errors in positioning and centering, which are linked to the radiographer's performance. Implementing regular retraining programs for radiographers may help decrease the repeat rate.

Ebrahim Fihaid Alsubaiy

Complete denture (CD) fabrication has changed dramatically with the introduction of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) technologies. These techniques provide benefits including shorter chair times, better material qualities, and cost effectiveness. This systematic study assessed the variables that affect the successful manufacture of CAD-CAM CDs and examined the results and difficulties that follow. Using a thorough approach based on the patient population, intervention, comparison, and outcome framework, manual mining and citation mining were added to electronic searches performed on Google Scholar and PubMed. Studies and clinical reports assessing the clinical outcomes of CAD-CAM CDs were included. Several factors that might affect the performance of CAD-CAM CDs were examined: bond strength, precision, CAD-CAM polymers, and comparisons between digital and traditional dentures. Also examined were issues and mistakes related to clinical performance, time management, denture tooth features, surface qualities, digital workflow, cleaning processes, burs effects, impression techniques, strength, tissue adaptability, patient satisfaction, and retention. The results showed that, albeit with certain drawbacks, CAD-CAM dentures are stronger, more true to size, and fit better than three dimensionally printed options. Overall, digital dentures, as a potential treatment option, are clinically effective, require fewer visits, and improve patient information management. However, problems including speech problems, medical complications, and cosmetic flaws still exist. Before digital dentures become widely accepted, it is imperative to address these limitations. This study highlights the potential of CAD-CAM CDs and identifies areas for further development in clinical practice, offering insightful information about the present status of the technology.

Isaura Borges-Silva, Marluce da Cunha Mantovani, Minh Danh Anh Luu et al.

Pancreatic islet transplantation offers great promise for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, yet the functional decline of islets after isolation remains a major obstacle. Increasing evidence highlights the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a critical regulator of islet cell survival under stress. We explored how ex vivo culture conditions affect encapsulated islet resilience under ER-stress. Two conditions were assessed: (i) incorporation of decellularized porcine pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) into alginate microcapsules, and (ii) free-fall dynamic pre-conditioning culture. Human islets were encapsulated in alginate with or without ECM, cultured under static or dynamic conditions, and exposed to acute ER-stress followed or not by a recovery period. Dynamic culture preserved viability and enhanced glucose responsiveness. ECM-containing capsules showed reduced inflammatory marker expression, while encapsulation in alginate-only capsules led to more pronounced changes associated with ECM remodeling. Under ER-stress, the dynamic culture, especially combined with ECM, maintained cell function and reduced cell death. Gene profiles indicated improved stress adaptation and ECM remodeling. These results highlight ECM enrichment and dynamic culture as good strategies to maintain islet survival and functionality.

Dinghao Luo, Junxiang Wu, Zhaoyang Ran et al.

BackgroundScrew fixation is pivotal for prosthetic stability. For 3D-printed customized acetabular revision prostheses designed for complex, large-scale bone defects, precise adherence to preoperative screw trajectory planning is critical. However, there remains a lack of standardized three-dimensional (3D) evaluation protocols to quantify intraoperative screw angular alignment fidelity relative to preoperative digital plans, hindering universal validation criteria.MethodsA total of 11 patients were stratified into two groups based on postoperative Harris Hip Scores and severe complication rates: the better outcome group and the regular outcome group. A 3D pelvic coordinate system was established using anatomical landmarks. Two biomechanically critical screws per prosthesis were selected to quantify 3D angular deviations between postoperative and preoperative plans. The efficacy of this method was compared with simulated anteroposterior radiograph-based 2D measurements. Inter- and intra-observer consistency (kappa statistics) were evaluated to assess reproducibility.ResultsHigh inter-observer (κ = 0.88) and intra-observer (κ = 0.87, 0.75) agreement confirmed method reliability. While individual critical screw deviations showed no significant intergroup differences, the cumulative angular deviation of critical screws was significantly lower in the better outcome group (p = 0.0147). In contrast, 2D radiographic analysis failed to distinguish intergroup differences in cumulative deviations (p = 0.1489), demonstrating reduced clinical relevance.ConclusionThis 3D assessment protocol robustly correlates with clinical outcomes, providing a validated tool for evaluating preoperative-to-postoperative fidelity in customized acetabular revision prostheses. To our knowledge, this is the first CT-based 3D coordinate system study quantifying critical screw alignment accuracy in patient-specific prostheses, with clinical validation.

Hussain Z, Abdulrahim Abdul Moti L, Jagal J et al.

Zahid Hussain,1,2 Lama Abdulrahim Abdul Moti,1 Jayalakshmi Jagal,2 Hnin Ei Thu,3 Shahzeb Khan,4 Mohsin Kazi5 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; 2Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; 4Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK; 5Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Zahid Hussain, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates, Email zhussain@sharjah.ac.aeIntroduction: Owing to its high prevalence, colossal potential of chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse, breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related fatalities in women. Several treatments (eg, chemotherapy, surgery, radiations, hormonal therapy, etc.) are conventionally prescribed for the treatment of BC; however, these are associated with serious systemic aftermaths. In this research, we aimed to design a multiprong targeting strategy for concurrent action against different phenotypes of BC (MCF-7 and SK-BR-3) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) for relapse-free treatment of BC.Methods: Paclitaxel (PTX) and tamoxifen (TMX) co-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the ionic-gelation method and optimized using the Design Expert® software by controlling different material attributes. For selective targeting through CD44-receptors that are heavily expressed on the BC cells and TAMs, the fabricated NPs (PTX-TMX-CS-NPs) were functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) as a targeting ligand.Results: The optimized HA-PTX-TMX-CS-NPs exhibited desired physicochemical properties (PS ~230 nm, PDI 0.30, zeta potential ~21.5 mV), smooth spherical morphology, high encapsulation efficiency (PTX ~72% and TMX ~97%), good colloidal stability, and biphasic release kinetics. Moreover, the lowest cell viability depicted in MCF-7 (~25%), SK-BR-3 (~20%), and RAW 264.7 cells (~20%), induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, enhanced cell internalization, and alleviation of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 migration proved the superior anticancer potential of HA-PTX-TMX-CS-NPs compared to unfunctionalized NPs and other control medicines.Conclusion: HA-functionalization of NPs is a promising multiprong strategy for CD44-receptors-mediated targeting of BC cells and TAMs to mitigate the progression, metastasis, and relapse in the BC. Keywords: paclitaxel, tamoxifen, hyaluronic acid, polymeric nanoparticles, CD44-receptors, breast cancer, cell uptake, anticancer efficacy

Jiali Lv, Chen Cheng, Xinran Liu et al.

Abstract The physicochemical properties of oral drug delivery carriers significantly influence their interactions with the intestinal barrier, which, in turn, affect their in vivo fate and therapeutic efficacy. As a delivery system with a hierarchical structure and high stability, Pickering emulsions have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing the bioavailability of encapsulated bioactive compounds. However, the specific role of their inherent flexibility in modulating interactions with the intestinal barrier and influencing delivery efficiency remains poorly understood. In this study, a flexible Pickering emulsion (FPPE) stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles was developed for encapsulating epigallocatechin gallate, aiming to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of its flexible structure in mucus penetration, cellular uptake, and biodistribution in the intestinal tract. Upon reaching the intestinal tissue, FPPE exhibited deformable adaptation, facilitating efficient mucus permeation, prolonged gastrointestinal retention, and enhanced drug absorption. Moreover, FPPE enhanced macrophage uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced reactive oxygen species scavenging, and triggered macrophage reprogramming. Compared to rigid chitosan microspheres, FPPE more effectively alleviated intestinal inflammation and promoted intestinal barrier repair in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis mouse model. This study reveals how Pickering emulsion flexibility facilitates intestinal mucus delivery, guiding their future design and application. Graphical Abstract

Xuan Wei, Jiamin Cheng, Meijuan Geng et al.

The inhibition of dependent glutamine metabolism is an effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) starvation, but it is limited by compensatory glycolysis and inadequate delivery efficiency. Herein, we construct a pH-responsive size/charge-reprogrammed micelle with hierarchical delivery characteristics for TNBC suppression with glutamine depletion and vessel blockade. It consists of a positively charged prodrug micelle chemically grafted with the glutamine transport inhibitor V9302 as the inner core layer, the neovascular disruptor CA4P adsorbed in the middle layer, and a pH-responsive peelable polymer as the outer shell. The nanosystem PPD/PPQV@C could effectively reduce size and reverse charge in response to the tumor acidic microenvironment by removing the outer polymer PPD, as accompanying the release of CA4P. Furthermore, the remaining PPQV could responsively release V9302 in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, improving the bioavailability of cargoes and overcoming permeability barrier through precise hierarchical release strategy. Importantly, V9302 and CA4P localized in the tumor intracellular and extracellular matrix could effectively block TNBC-dependent glutamine metabolism and inhibit compensatory nutrient by blocking angiogenesis, achieving the desired tumor suppression with prolonged survival time. This work exhibits a smart nanoplatform for efficient TNBC treatment via dual blockade of the dependent glutamine metabolism and angiogenesis.

Hairong ZOU

In the design of DR systems, high-voltage generators and X-ray tubes are two key components whose performance directly affects the system's exposure capabilities. This article first explains why it is necessary to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the performance of these two parts during the design of DR products. Then, it provides a detailed description of the evaluation methods, including the assessment of single exposure capability and continuous exposure capability. Finally, the article offers some suggestions and measures to enhance continuous exposure capability. These methods and suggestions not only help in selecting appropriate key components but also provide an important reference for the design, integration, and testing of DR systems.

Lijun Cai, Tingting Lin, Chufen Zhuang et al.

ObjectiveThe present study intends to observe the cleaning effect of different detection methods in cleaning silicone tubes used in phacoemulsification.MethodsA total of 100 silicone tubes were selected randomly after surgery. The silicone tubes were retained for ≤2 hours after surgery, and then washed with a high-pressure water gun at a flow rate of 12~14 ml/s. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) detection and quantitation of residual protein were performed on the samples before cleaning and after washing for 30 s, 40 s, and 50 s, respectively, including the sample surface and the water after cleaning.ResultsAccording to the results before and after cleaning the silicone tube, there are significant differences in three methods of quantitation of residual protein, ATP detection in water sample, and ATP detection in sample surface (c2=8.6, P<0.05), while having no difference between the three methods after washing for 30 s, 40 s and 50 s, respectively (c2=4.918 and 5.571, P>0.05). A comparison of the means of ATP detection in water samples showed significant differences between rinses 30 s/40 s and 30 s/50 s. (Z=-7.45 and -0.08, P<0.05); pairwise contrast of ATP detection in sample surface for rinsing 30 s/40 s, 40 s/50 s, and 30 s/50 s showed significant differences (Z=3.64, 14.92, and 25.86, P<0.05). The quantitation of residual protein in silicone tubes showed pass rates of 84%, 100%, and 100% for 30 s, 40 s, and 50 s, respectively.ConclusionQuantitation of residual protein, ATP detection in water sample, and ATP detection in sample surface are available for monitoring the cleaning quality of silicone tube. The tube should be cleaned at a 12~14 ml/s flow rate and a washing time of ≥50 s.

Jingbo Li, Yile Fang, Zhuhao Wu et al.

Islet transplantation is a promising strategy for diabetes mellitus treatment as it can recapitulate endogenous insulin secretion and provide long-term glycemic control. Islet models constructed in biomaterial scaffolds that reproduce biological characteristics of native islets is a feasible option to circumvent the dilemma of donor shortage and the requirement of chronic immunosuppression. Herein, we developed bioinspired artificial microcapsule-based islet models with microvessels for glycemic control using microfluidic electrospray strategy. Microfluidic electrospray can generate uniform hydrogel microcapsules with core-shell structure for encapsulating islet cells. The cell-laden microcapsules enabled the efficient transportation of nutrient, oxygen, and insulin; as well as the incorporation with microvessels for prompting glucose responsiveness and molecular exchange. We demonstrated by in vivo experiments that the blood glucose, food intake, and body weight of diabetic mouse models were alleviated, and the glucose tolerance was promoted after the engraftment of islet microcapsules. We further demonstrated the improved functionality of transplanted islet model in insulin secretion, immune escape, and microcirculation using standard histological and molecular analysis. These results indicated that the microcapsules with microvessels are promising artificial islet models and are valuable for treating diabetes.

Badar Almarri, Gaurav Gupta, Ravinder Kumar et al.

Jiale Qu, Junjie Liu, Guorui Leng et al.

The impressive theoretical specific capacity and negative potential of lithium have led to its status as a prime candidate for anodes in secondary lithium batteries. Lithium metal electrodes are an area of growing importance in this field. Despite the promise that lithium batteries hold, several practical issues impede their widespread use, such as short cycle life, low coulombic efficiency, and safety concerns including combustion and explosion. The growth of lithium dendrites during battery discharge is widely recognized as the cause of these problems. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive review of current understanding and existing issues associated with lithium metal electrodes.

Xiaoyu Gu, Zixuan Guo, Maolin Cai et al.

Objective: Diaphragm pacing (DP) is a long-term and effective respiratory assist therapy for patients with central alveolar hypoventilation and high cervical spinal cord injury. The existing DP system has some limitations, especially high price, inconvenience preoperative evaluation methods and diaphragm fatigue easily. Our objective was to develop a DP system and evaluated reliability through hardware testing and animal experiments.Methods: A DP system with bidirectional constant current was designed, manufactured and tested. Effects of a wide range of stimulus amplitudes (range: .5–2.5 mA) and frequencies (range: 10–250 Hz) on airflow and corresponding inspired volume were investigated during DP. Differences in airflow characteristics under various stimulation parameters were evaluated using power function. ECG interference in diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) was filtered out using stationary wavelet transform to obtain pure EMGdi (EMGdip). 80-min period with a tendency for diaphragm fatigue by root mean square (RMS) and centroid frequency (fc) of EMGdip was studied.Results: The increase of stimulus frequency and amplitude in animals resulted in different degrees of increase in envoked volume. Significant difference in Airflow Index (b) between anesthesia and DP provided a simple, non-invasive and feasible solution for phrenic nerve conduction function test. Increased stimulation duration with the developed DP system caused less diaphragm fatigue.Conclusion: A modular, inexpensive and reliable DP was successfully developed. Its effectiveness was confirmed in animal experiments.Significance: This study is useful for design of future implantable diaphragmatic pacemakers for improving diaphragm fatigue and convenient assessment of respiratory activity in experiments.

Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz, Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd, Agnieszka Wójtowicz et al.

The phenol content of sorghum is a unique feature among all cereal grains; hence this fact merits the special attention of scientists. It should be remembered that before polyphenols can be used in the body, they are modified within the digestive tract. In order to obtain more accurate data on the level and activity of tested ingredients after ingestion and digestion in the in vivo digestive tract, in vitro simulated digestion may be used. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and individual phenolic acids, as well as the antiradical properties, of sorghum and sorghum-enriched pasta before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. We observed that the total content of polyphenols decreased after gastric digestion of sorghum, and slightly increased after duodenal digestion. Moreover, the flavonoid content decreased after the first stage of digestion, while antioxidant properties increased after the first stage of digestion and slightly decreased after the second stage. The digestion of polyphenolics in sorghum is completely different to that in pasta—both in varieties with, and without, the addition of sorghum. For pasta, the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, and free radical scavenging properties, decrease after each stage of digestion.

Fotios S. Konstantakopoulos, Eleni I. Georga, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis

<italic>Goal</italic>: The modern way of living has significantly influenced the daily diet. The ever-increasing number of people with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases stresses the need to find tools that could help in the daily intake of the necessary nutrients. <italic>Methods:</italic> In this paper, we present an automated image-based dietary assessment system of Mediterranean food, based on: 1) an image dataset of Mediterranean foods, 2) on a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for food image classification, and 3) on stereo vision techniques for the volume and nutrition estimation of the food. We use a pre-trained CNN in the Food-101 dataset to train a deep learning classification model employing our dataset Mediterranean Greek Food (MedGRFood). Based on the EfficientNet family of CNNs, we use the EfficientNetB2 both for the pre-trained model and its weights evaluation, as well as for classifying food images in the MedGRFood dataset. Next, we estimate the volume of the food, through 3D food reconstruction of two images taken by a smartphone camera. The proposed volume estimation subsystem uses stereo vision techniques and algorithms, and needs the input of two food images to reconstruct the point cloud of the food and to compute its quantity. <italic>Results:</italic> The classification accuracy where true class matches with the most probable class predicted by the model (Top-1 accuracy) is 83.8&#x0025;, while the accuracy where true class matches with any one of the 5 most probable classes predicted by the model (Top-5 accuracy) is 97.6&#x0025;, for the food classification subsystem. The food volume estimation subsystem achieves an overall mean absolute percentage error 10.5&#x0025; for 148 different food dishes. <italic>Conclusions:</italic> The proposed automated image-based dietary assessment system provides the capability of continuous recording of health data in real time.

Daiki X. Sato, Yukiko U. Inoue, Nahoko Kuga et al.

Summary: The human vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) harbors unique substitutions (Asn136Thr/Ile) that affect monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles. These substitutions are absent in all known mammals, suggesting their contributions to distinct aspects of human behavior modulated by monoaminergic transmissions, such as emotion and cognition. To directly test the impact of these human-specific mutations, we introduced the humanized residues into mouse Vmat1 via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and examined changes at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and molecular levels. Behavioral tests revealed reduced anxiety-related traits of Vmat1Ile mice, consistent with human studies, and electrophysiological recordings showed altered oscillatory activity in the amygdala under anxiogenic conditions. Transcriptome analyses further identified changes in gene expressions in the amygdala involved in neurodevelopment and emotional regulation, which may corroborate the observed phenotypes. This knock-in mouse model hence provides compelling evidence that the mutations affecting monoaminergic signaling and amygdala circuits have contributed to the evolution of human socio-emotional behaviors.

Xiao-Ming Zhang, Jing Jiao, Na Guo et al.

PurposeAlthough the association between cognitive impairment and mortality has been widely described among community-dwelling older adults, this association in hospitalized patients was limited.ObjectivesThis study's purpose was to explore the association between cognitive impairment and 30-day mortality after adjustment of factors among Chinese in-patients.MethodsThis was a large-scale prospective study based on a cohort of patients aged 65 years and older, whose cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Cog instrument, followed up at 30-days for mortality. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between cognitive impairment and 30-day mortality.ResultsThere were 9,194 inpatients in our study, with an average age of 72.41 ± 5.72. The prevalence of cognitive impairment using the Mini-Cog instrument was 20.5%. Multivariable analyses showed that patients with cognitive impairment have an increased risk of 30-day mortality, compared to those with normal cognitive function (OR = 2.83,95%CI:1.89–4.24) in an unadjusted model. In the fully adjusted model, Patients with cognitive impairment had an increased risk of 30-day mortality compared to those with normal cognitive function in the completely adjusted model (OR = 1.76,95% CI: 1.14–2.73). Additionally, this association still existed and was robust after performing a stratified analysis of age, gender, frailty and depression, with no significant interaction (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsOur study found that older Chinese in-patients with cognitive impairment have a 1.76-fold risk of 30-day mortality compared to patients with normal cognitive function, suggesting that clinicians and nurses need to early implement cognitive function screening and corresponding interventions to improve clinical outcomes for older in-patients.

Wei-Ting Chang, Michael W. Hughes, Ping-Yen Liu

Grzegorz Krasowski, Adam Junka, Justyna Paleczny et al.

Chronic wounds complicated with biofilm formed by pathogens remain one of the most significant challenges of contemporary medicine. The application of topical antiseptic solutions against wound biofilm has been gaining increasing interest among clinical practitioners and scientific researchers. This paper compares the activity of polyhexanide-, octenidine- and hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid-based antiseptics against biofilm formed by clinical strains of <i>Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The analyses included both standard techniques utilizing polystyrene plates and self-designed biocellulose-based models in which a biofilm formed by pathogens was formed on an elastic, fibrinous surface covered with a fibroblast layer. The obtained results show high antibiofilm activity of polihexanide- and octenidine-based antiseptics and lack or weak antibiofilm activity of hypochlorite-based antiseptic of total chlorine content equal to 80 parts per million. The data presented in this paper indicate that polihexanide- or octenidine-based antiseptics are highly useful in the treatment of biofilm, while hypochlorite-based antiseptics with low chlorine content may be applied for wound rinsing but not when specific antibiofilm activity is required.