Hasil untuk "Labor policy. Labor and the state"

Haixin Huang, Jiageng Yang

Optimizing urban land use is of significant practical importance for promoting economic development, enhancing the standard of living for individuals residing in metropolitan areas, enhancing urban infrastructure and public services, driving urban transformation and upgrading, and attaining synchronized progress of the economy, society, and environment. This paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the urban land use efficiency (ULUE) of 13 cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2020 and explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of ULUE in this urban agglomeration using analysis of spatial data and application of geographic detector methods. The results show that (1) from 2005 to 2020, the ULUE of the BTH urban agglomeration had an initial rise followed by a decline; however, the overall efficiency score is above 1, suggesting an overall effective state; (2) a distribution pattern with Beijing as its core was established, exhibiting greater ULUE in the northern region and poorer efficiency in the southern region, with significant correlation characteristics in efficiency values between adjacent cities; and (3) capital input, labor input, social welfare, and ecological environment are all influencing factors that promote the improvement in ULUE in the BTH region, and the interaction of any two factors explains the ULUE in this region better than a single factor. The empirical research results can provide useful references for improving the input–output ratio of land units and further spatial planning and policy formulation in the BTH region.

İbrahim Yılmaz

This study is about civil servants’ union rights in Türkiye during the Cold War. The article will also discuss trade union rights the right to organize a union, the right to collective bargaining, and the right to strike. The aim of this study is to compare the developments regarding civil servants’ union rights in Türkiye during the Cold War with the developments in the Western Bloc. The article uses the document analysis method to examine the developments regarding civil servants’ union rights in Türkiye and the Western Bloc and evaluates the changes that occurred in Türkiye primarily through the Turkish Constitution and laws of the period, as well as through the discussions that occurred in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye as these legislations were being formed. The article uses the international documents created by the United Nations, the International Labour Organization, and the Council of Europe to examine the developments in the Western Bloc. Türkiye, which was trying to integrate into the Western Bloc that was led by United States both militarily and ideologically during the Cold War, can be said to have differed from its allies in terms of its civil servants’ union rights, except for the period between 1961-1971. In a broad sense, Türkiye can be argued to have fallen far behind its Western allies during the Cold War in terms of recognizing and securing its civil servants’ union rights at the constitutional and legal levels.

Raquel Vida Fernández

El impulso dado al trabajo en remoto, por razón de fuerza mayor vinculada a la pandemia de la Covid-19, ha supuesto, en el ámbito del empleo público y privado, un antes y un después en relación a esta forma de trabajo. En este artículo se analiza la situación actual del marco normativo e implantación del teletrabajo en el ámbito del empleo público, encabezada por el nuevo artículo 47.bis del Estatuto Básico del Empleado Público, que proporcionó un punto de partida para las diferentes Administraciones Públicas en la materia. El precepto conceptúa esa particular forma de prestación de servicios y determina las características básicas del mismo, pero constituye solo la base de una regulación completa del teletrabajo que se realizará por cada Administración, en el seno de la negociación colectiva. El análisis del actual marco normativo se completa con el proyecto de reglamento para el desarrollo de la regulación del teletrabajo en la Administración General del Estado, pendiente de aprobación.

Maria Teresa Esteban, Maria Tereza Goudard

             Iniciamos esse escrito compartilhado, ainda sobre os impactos da travessia do querido Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, em 11 de julho de 2023, portanto há menos de um mês. Para nós, “as Teresas”, como carinhosamente Carlos Brandão se referia a nós duas nos encontros do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) de Educação Popular da Anped, ou em intercâmbios do mesmo GT, em cidades e universidades distintas, foi transformador sermos afetadas por suas palavras, seu olhar, sua humanidade.  E era sempre uma alegria encontrá-lo, revê-lo, com  a sua voz mansa e seu sorriso miúdo, matreiro, sendo Carlos Brandão um dos homens mais gentis e envolventes que conhecemos. 

Pedro Martinez, Maria de Lourdes Saturnino Gomes, Fillipe Silveira Marini

We reviewed the historical pathway that paved the way for the creation and implementation of public policies for food security in Brazilian schools. We then analyzed the implementation of such policies in Paraíba state (northeastern Brazil) in terms of the investment in purchasing food from familiar agriculture, i.e. agricultural production in small farm units where the labor comes from the owner's family that lives on the farm and receives gross income from agriculture. We conducted this study to determine the extent to which public policies for food security in schools promote income to family farmers in Paraíba state. We obtained data from the Management and Accountability System (SIGPC) to quantify the municipalities in Paraíba state that comply with the national school feeding program denominated Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). The fiscal years from 2015 to 2017 were used as a reference period because no data is available for the upcoming years. PNAE has been created to underpin programs offering free meals to school-age children, thus allowing for basic learning conditions while tackling hunger among social groups in poverty. PNAE became a public policy subsidiary of familiar agriculture through the Law 11,947 of 2009 which requires the minimal investment of 30% of PNAE funds to purchase food from family farmers. In Paraíba state, 80% of the municipalities buy food through PNAE. However, nearly 40% of the municipalities do not apply the minimum investment to purchase food from family farmers during the evaluated period (2011–2017). We identified that logistics and transportation of food coordinated by the school feeding councils are the main constraints for greater efficiency of the program. Despite such constraints, PNAE offers a unique opportunity to enhance human wellbeing by fostering family farmers to adopt conservation practices and provide healthy, local food to school-aged children.

Luis Ernesto Alemán Madrigal

Desestimación al recurso de suplicación interpuesto en contra del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social y Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social, a través del cual se pretendía el carácter vitalicio de pensión de viudedad, previamente desestimado en sentencia dictada por el Juzgado de lo Social tercero de Toledo. A la recurrente, le fue reconocida por resolución del INSS pensión de viudedad temporal de conformidad a lo establecido en el artículo 222 LGSS al no acreditar el período de convivencia y no tener hijos en común. El tribunal confirma en suplicación la negativa a la recurrente pues no acredita la convivencia previa a la celebración del matrimonio a través del certificado de empadronamiento o cualquier otro medio de prueba admitido en el derecho.

Hanife Candır Şimşek

The aim of the study is to discover which concepts explain the views of women who receive education from a continuing education center and to give meaning to the subject. In line with this, Istanbul University Continuing Education Center has taken place within the scope of the study. The study uses embedded theory design with the aim of examining the participants’ opinions in depth. The study group consists of 26 female participants. The interviews were coded using the program NVivo 10, after which the codes were gathered under categories and made meaningful. The study includes examples the participants’ expressions under the categories within the scope of the descriptive analysis. According to the research findings, the emphasis on vocational education is at the forefront in terms of the participants’ perceptions regarding the role that continuing education centers have in society. Similarly, the purpose of vocational education is understood to have been determinant regarding participating in trainings; however, this was due not to having acquired a new profession but to reasons such as being better in the current profession, relieving deficiencies, following the developments in their profession, and rising in the profession.

Laura Otero Norza

Este artículo hace un repaso del principio de no discriminación donde se analizan sus causas, la discriminación directa, indirecta y las acciones positivas. Asimismo, se analizan los alcances de la no discriminación en las relaciones de trabajo y sus aspectos procesales; la flexibilización del onus probandi, los procedimientos para atender los tratos discriminatorios, y un breve repaso de algunos de los más importantes fallos de la Suprema Corte de la Nación mexicana. El estudio finaliza con una referencia a este derecho en tiempos de pandemia y su tratamiento.

Francisca Moreno Romero

Los distintos espacios competenciales tanto por razón de la materia -a los que se vinculan las peticiones de medidas cautelares (derechos fundamentales, prevención de riesgos laborales…)-, como por razón del ámbito territorial de aplicación de las mismas, constituyen el núcleo central de la sentencia. No obstante, y desde una perspectiva más general, la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo y del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Andalucía recogen la excepcionalidad de la situación y su influencia a la hora de denegar las medidas cautelares.

Rosângela Aquino da Rosa

É resultado de uma longa e profícua relação da pesquisadora com o acervo de memória institucional do Campus Rio de Janeiro do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ). No estudo parte do pressuposto de que imagens fotográficas “são documentos que informam sobre a cultura, o movimento da história, dos sujeitos sociais e da educação vivida”. Defendendo a análise das mesmas “em um movimento de intertextualidade”, afirma que as fotografias possibilitam a recuperação da historicidade da Educação Profissional. Com base no referencial marxista, destaca a fotografia “como fonte histórica, como mediação ou processo social complexo subjacente à sua representação” e defende a importância da sua produção social para a compreensão do significado da cultura material presente nas escolas.

Ana Paula Bistaffa de Monlevade, Janaina Santana da Costa, Cristiano Apolucena Cabral

O materialismo histórico dialético tem como referência as relações entre seres humanos e natureza, mediadas pelo trabalho, sendo fundamental para análise de comunidades tradicionais. Incorporando dados empíricos de pesquisas realizadas no estado de Mato Grosso, observou-se que conhecer as formas de produção da vida nestas comunidades requer um processo de crítica, interpretação e análise dos fatos considerados na sua concretude histórica. Ressalta-se a relevância do método da economia política para apreensão da síntese de suas múltiplas determinações: unidade do diverso.

S. Kozlovskyi, D. Bilenko, M. Kuzheliev et al.

At the end of 2019, the new virus called Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) spread widely from China all over the world. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a new virus outbreak as “a global pandemic”, and recommended social distancing and quarantine. Most countries in Europe have been quarantined. The social aspect of this issue is complicated by the fact that Europe nowadays hosts 82 million international migrants. If migrant workers leave the host country, it reduces the Covid-19 spread. Nevertheless, if migrant workers do not return, it will worsen the situation with the economic crisis. The subject of the study is the instrumental and mathematical aspects of impact simulation of labor migrants’ policy on the economic growth of the host country affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the work is to develop the system dynamics model for assessing labor migrants’ policy impact on the economic growth of the host country during COVID-19 pandemic. It examined through hypotheses of different scenarios of labor migrants policy impact on the host country economic growth in Covid-19 pandemic. The proposed model combines epidemiological and the economic growth models and relies upon real statistical data. The analysis was carried out in four European countries. The results of the study enabled to state that without migrant workers the gross domestic product may fall to 43% in Italy, 45% in Netherlands, 37% in Spain and 200% in Switzerland in 2020.

O. FESENKO, V. LYSYUK, Z. SAKHAROVA

The article focuses on the introduction of a risk-oriented approach to labor protection at the enterprises of the grain processing industry. Such an approach is imperative in modern conditions in accordance with the Concept of reforming the system of labor protection management. This will involve the introduction of the proactive principle of “preventive actions” (prevention of hazardous events and situations) instead of the existing reactive principle of “corrective actions” (response to hazardous events and situations). A risk-oriented approach to occupational safety and health is the basis for the formation of a new national system for prevention of the operational risks. In the grain process enterprises, which have agreed their policy on labor protection with international standards, there has been an increase and improvement of the responsibility and competency of the ordinary employees and managers in the safety field, the risk of on-the-job injury has decreased. Improvement of the system of labor protection and risk management at enterprises should be carried out according to State Standard (DSTU) ISO 31000:2018 “Risk Management. Guidelines (ISO 31000:2018, IDT))”. The purpose of the standard is to reduce operational risks to an acceptable level. The main stages of the risk management process are presented. Identification of hazards, risk assessment, definition of security measures is a constituent and integral part of such a system. This is necessary to identify and understand the dangers that may arise in the course of an enterprise's activity, to assess the risk arising from a particular hazard, and to take measures to reduce the probability of occurrence of hazards. At the enterprises of the grain process industry, the identification of hazards consists in the definition of all objects, situations or actions (or their combination) that are inherent in an enterprise's activities and present a potential threat to the health and life of workers. At the same time, the different types of works and situations are considered in order to identify the dangers that are constantly present in normal working conditions, as well as the hazards, the impact of which is possible in case of deviation from normal working conditions and emergencies. Examples of possible hazardous factors at such enterprises are given. The adequacy of the existing security measures, the need for heir improvement or the introduction of other security measures are determined based on the results of the risk assessment.

Carmen Sylvia Vidigal Moraes, Doris Accioly e Silva

O trabalho apresenta resultados iniciais de projeto de pesquisa mais amplo sobre práticas culturais e educativas desenvolvidas pelo movimento operário ou direcionadas aos trabalhadores pelos setores dominantes no decorrer do século XX, especificamente no estado de São Paulo. É nosso objetivo específico localizar/destacar o percurso do ideário anarquista, traduzido num conjunto de prescrições práticas para a organização da denominada Escola Moderna n.1 por grupos anarquistas, entre 1912 e 1919, tomado comparativamente ao projeto pedagógico dos Ginásios Vocacionais Noturnos, uma iniciativa de política pública de educação, nos anos 1960, destinada a jovens e adultos trabalhadores.

M. A. Burda

The author analyzes the policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of external labour migration, reveals the peculiarity of formation of the Russian labor market for foreign workforce, focusing on its basic focus on the integration model of the Eurasian economic Union and the Commonwealth of independent States. The article discusses the scheme of formation of migration policy and identifies a number of problematic issues of management of external labour migration, which the author attributed the imperfection of the migration system and peculiarities of political processes in the post-Soviet space. According to the author, this approach is not conducive to quality development of external labour migration, however, is one way of lobbying foreign policy interests in the post-Soviet space. In turn, Central Asian autocrats are interested in the maximum outflow of the economically dissatisfied citizens to prevent anti-state speeches. The quality of the existing risks management of external labor migration indicates the potential of growth of popularity of right-wing political forces and destabilization of the Russian political system. Taking into account the need to balance national security interests and supported by loyal Russian foreign political elites, the author proposes to separate the management of migration on the field of law enforcement and socio-economic part, which requires a political decision of government institutions. Proposed dualism in the author’s opinion, will promote increase of efficiency of counteraction of illegal migration and activation mechanisms, presence on the labour market demand for migrants. As a tool of migration management, the author highlights the Institute of international agreements, the potential of which is currently used does not fully.

Tony Fang, Carl Lin

AbstractSince China promulgated new minimum wage regulations in 2004, the frequency and magnitude of changes in minimum wages have been substantial. This paper uses county-level minimum wage data combined with urban household survey micro-dataset from 16 representative provinces as a merged county-level panel to estimate the employment effects of minimum wage changes in China over the 2002–2009 period. In contrast to the mixed results reported by previous studies using provincial-level data, we present evidence that minimum wage changes led to significant adverse effects on employment in the Eastern and Central regions of China, and resulted in disemployment for females, young adults, and low-skilled workers.JEL classifications:J38

Sonia Maria Rummert, Jaqueline Ventura

No início do mês de abril, Dermeval Saviani evidenciou que a crise política atual no Brasil estava atravessada por um Golpe de Estado, uma vez que o mecanismo para acionar o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, sob a justificativa de combate à corrupção, apontava para a farsa de uma “presidenta que não cometeu crime algum” ser julgada e condenada por “um bando de corruptos” – uma Comissão de impeachment com “mais da metade de seus membros em investigação”, bem como uma Câmara com 302 deputados “na mesma situação”. Além disso, o intelectual também alertava para um movimento em que a farsa se transformaria em tragédia, caso a aprovação do golpe não fosse evitada, consolidando “um Golpe de Estado jurídico-midiáticoparlamentar”1 que põe em risco a nossa frágil democracia.

Elena J. Tsareva

During the last decade, migration flows have greatly affected the Italian economy and demography. The trend is growing, not only because of the ideal geographic position for transit, but also due to the Italian economic structure, and business interest: Cheap labour is greatly in demand among employers. The increasing number of migrants has created a certain imbalance in different spheres of life and society. The middle-aged population in Italy is ever growing, thus migrants play an important role in filling the workforce depletion as well as flooding the labor market. The effects of migration cannot be viewed as either positive or negative. In the recent decade, Italy has been pursuing a tight budgetary policy regarding its obligations under the Economic and Monetary Union. At the same time, the government realizes the necessity of radical restructuring of the national market, both taking measures to encourage entry of fully qualified migrants and by restricting illigal or low-skilled immigrants. The state faces a number of problems, such as job placement and assimilation of migrants into society. Some of the objectives are to provide them with the employment, cultivate European values and teach them Italian. While migrants are relevant, the shadow sector of the economy - sheltering iltygals - is growing. The economy and the budget suffer, and the external debt is growing. The article presents the data on the demographic situation in Italy. It analyzes the correlation between the migrants and the indigenous people in the labor market. Special attention is focused on socioeconomic consequences of immigration in Italy. International experience in general and Italian in particular are highly important to improving the migration policy, developing systems of internal and external control of the migration processes, illegal migration control, and a quota system; the government even takes note of fertility among migrants. A comprehensive analysis of these trends seems promising toward improving the Italian migration policy.

Luiz Renato Martins

Para quem observa a obra de Manet (1832-83) e a história da arte moderna, o tema da execução de Maximiliano, tratado pelo pintor em várias versões, coloca-se como um emaranhado, freqüentemente evitado. Fica mais fácil dizer que o tema é acidental e não é representativo do restante da obra. Com efeito, há contra-sensos amalgamados há muitas gerações cobrindo essas telas.

Francisco José Lobo Neto

Publicar, como documento e memória, a “Carta del Lavoro”, promulgada em 1927 pelo regime fascista, não é uma provocação e sim uma advertência e um instrumento de reflexão, diante da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional nº369/2005, apresentada pelo Poder Executivo ao Congresso Nacional em 4 de março de 2005 que consubstancia os termos da reforma sindical, e diante das discussões que prosseguem sobre a reforma trabalhista, já sistematizadas em um Anteprojeto pelo Fórum Nacional do Trabalho.