Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

Bruno Polonio Renzetti, Daniele Eduarda de Oliveira

Objetivo: o artigo investiga como remédios têm sido aplicados pelo Cade em casos envolvendo mercado digitais. O objetivo é verificar se a autoridade brasileira desenvolveu uma experiência singular na imposição de remédios digitais ou se tem seguido tendências de outras jurisdições, particularmente da União Europeia e dos Estados Unidos. A questão de pesquisa é relevante dado que o Brasil, como uma economia emergente, enfrenta desafios específicos ao lidar com grandes plataformas digitais, ao mesmo tempo em que desempenha um importante papel na economia da América Latina e do Sul Global. Método: revisão bibliográfica de literatura e estudo de casos. Conclusões: os autores concluem que a autoridade brasileira não possui experiência na aplicação de remédios específicos para mercados digitais, recorrendo frequentemente à medidas que foram adotadas em atos de concentração ou investigações de mercados não-digitais. Até o momento, não houve uma abordagem sob medida para remédios em mercados digitais na prática do Cade. Nesse sentido, os autores sugerem que o Cade desenvolva um marco orientativo abrangente para lidar com problemas competitivos específicos dos mercados digitais.

Israel Alba Ramis

Abstract We are starting to become aware of the magnitude of the problem caused by the waste produced in the metropolises developed during this first quarter of this century, the result of considerable population increase and contemporary industrial production systems. The amount of territory consumed by urban waste and the environmental consequences of this situation now clearly jeopardize the environmental equilibrium of the planet, with all that this implies. Using a new perspective, we aim to demonstrate that it is possible to recover and transform these infrastructures – abandoned urban waste landfills – which can give rise to new strategic public areas in our cities.. They are areas of opportunity for an architectural reactivation of the landscape which is achieved by means of complex environmental engineering processes, emphasizing the importance of the ethical concerns proposed and tackled by architects. We are also interested in urban waste landfills because of their proximity to the city; this makes them sites that have huge potential for change. They are full of possibilities for exploring conceptual and physical relations between city, territory and architecture. Constant expansion of the metropolis means that the distance between the city and the landfill will always be relative. At first expelled, the landfill is then reincorporated.

Alla P. Minyar-Beloroucheva, Polina I. Sergienko, Natalia Yu. Nelyubova

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution aggravated by new challenges facing the humanity, there is a need to consider the significance of developing global citizenship competencies. Public discourse together with those who manage the flows of information in the globalizing world is an indicator of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of the present stage of development. Professional public relations (PR) education at the present stage is closely linked to the ESG system (environmental social governance) and the language instilled in the future specialists, as it reflects the mode of life of society at a particular moment in time. The milieu determines the way of thinking, the worldview which is reflected in the lexical units used to determine new trends and common concerns, having in their turn a reciprocal influence on the changing world view of the people of the globe. The objective of the research is to identify the structural elements of the global citizenship competence development as well as the words and phrases, revealing the major challenges of the present day international community. The methodology concentrates on the recent research of international public relations discourse of different scholars with special regard to global issues. The methods of analysis, synthesis, classification alongside philological analysis were used to contribute to the present holistic study. The results of the investigation have shown that to develop global citizenship competence within ESG paradigm PR undergraduates should concentrate on tackling the urgent issues confronting the world by means of problem discussions that raise awareness and suggest solutions to them. Certain exercises are given to identify certain verbal clusters used in the English language and beyond to become international words and phrases to be taught as part of global citizenship competence in terms of professional PR education governing the way to mass adoption of the universal language.

Louise Tonelli

Orientation: This article provides an overview of what transformation looks like in a system from a systems psychodynamic perspective – presenting the concept of transmogrification through empirical research from a group of participants who attended South African Group Relations Conferences (GRC). Extrapolating to the larger system, Elon Musk is singled out as a practical example of a transmogrifier, transmogrifying a system. Research purpose: Describe transformation from a systems psychodynamic perspective and what this may mean for leaders and organisations in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Motivation for the study: The literature is clear that individuals transform in groups, and a collective form of transformation is possible; however, what this transformation looks like needs to be clarified. Research approach/design and method: The meta-theoretical paradigm of critical realism allowed for qualitative research within the hermeneutic phenomenological school of thought. A non-probability sampling strategy of eight individuals enabled a multimethod research strategy of face-to-face interviews and a focus group. Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic data analysis method, applying a systems psychodynamic lens, was used. Main findings: The findings show that unconscious dynamics intrinsic to all humans manifest as a non-linear transformation process, presenting as preservation, transformation and transmogrification. Practical/managerial implications: To survive and thrive in the 4IR and beyond, leaders and organisations must move beyond transformation towards transmogrification to create sustainable organisations that are yet to be thought about. Contribution/value-add: The concept of transmogrification adds to the literature of group relations conferences, psychology, industrial and organisational psychology and systems psychodynamics.

Ana R. Hernández-Téllez Hernández-Téllez, Jacqueline M. Cajas-Flores, Alfredo Ordiano-Flores et al.

The South Pacific hake, Merluccius gayi, is an ecologically and economically important species in Ecuador. However, studies regarding its feeding habits remain scarce. This study aimed to characterize the food and feeding habits of M. gayi in the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean by sex, sexual maturity stages, size classes, and years. Hakes obtained (n = 2993) from industrial fishing (captured with seine nets) were analyzed from September 2013 to December 2014. Their diet was composed of 27 prey species. The most important prey was the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex (52%) and the same hake species (M. gayi; 31%) according to the prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI), making this species a cannibal predator. Results show no significant dietary differences between female and male hakes or immature and mature males, but found differences between immature and mature females and individuals from four size classes and hake between 2013 and 2014. According to Levin’s Index, the species showed a low trophic niche breadth (Bi = 0.03), making it a selective specialist mesopredator with high specialization. The trophic overlap analysis based on Jaccard’s index by sex was low (J = 0.23) for indetermined individuals, moderate (J = 0.59) for males and females, and high (J = 0.78) for immature females and males; moderate values were noted for size classes (J  =  0.42-0.63) and low for years (J = 0.31). Based on the Cortés index, the trophic level totaled (TLk = 3.22), indicating that this species is a primary and secondary carnivore mesopredator. This information supports the understanding of the relations between predators and prey and the flow of nutrients and energy in marine ecosystems, which serve as a base for ecosystemic fishing management.

NICA Elvira, SABIE Oana-Matilda, ANDRONICEANU Armenia

The present research identifies the most relevant motivation factors of the civil servants from the Fiscal Administration of Bucharest, District 1, Romania, but also the ways in which their motivation can be improved. The purpose of this research was achieved by adapting and combining three different instruments used in the literature in order to evaluate in what extent each factor influences the civil servants’ motivation. The research is based on a quantitative approach, and it is an exploratory study that was carried out using a combination of methods: the analysis of the official records, plus published articles; and the opinion survey based on a questionnaire, employing a convenience sampling, in order to design a set of recommendations for improving the current level of motivation among civil servants. The results show the need for introducing new ways of motivating civil servants, in order to increase their satisfaction and involvement.

Yangshengyan Liu, Fu Gu, Xinjian Gu et al.

Abstract Resource recommendation is extremely challenging under low-resource conditions because representation learning models require sufficient triplets for their training, and the presence of massive long-tail resources leads to data sparsity and cold-start problems. In this paper, an industrial knowledge graph is developed to integrate resources for manufacturing enterprises, and we further formulate long-tail recommendations as a few-shot relational learning problem of learning-to-recommend resources with few interactions under low-resource conditions. First, an industrial knowledge graph is constructed based on the predesigned resource schema. Second, we conduct schema-based reasoning on the schema to heuristically complete the knowledge graph. At last, we propose a multi-head attention-based meta relational learning model with schema-based reasoning to recommend long-tail resources under low-resource conditions. With the IN-Train setting, 5-shot experimental results on the NELL-One and Wiki-One datasets achieve average improvements of 28.8 and 13.3% respectively, compared with MetaR. Empirically, the attention mechanism with relation space translation learns the most important relations for fast convergence. The proposed graph-based platform specifies how to recommend resources using the industrial knowledge graph under low-resource conditions.

Eduarda Militz Santos

Contexto: O presente trabalho localiza-se no contexto de transição entre o antigo e o novo regime geral de licitações e contratos administrativos, promulgada em 1º de abril de 2021, a Lei nº 14.133/2021. Objetivo: O trabalho pretende identificar possíveis desafios concorrenciais decorrentes da modalidade de diálogo competitivo trazida pela Nova Lei de Licitações e Contratos Administrativos e evidenciar pontos de atenção para o controle de condutas anticompetitivas. Método: Método dedutivo. Conclusões: O Diálogo Competitivo está sujeito a práticas já conhecidas de cartéis em licitações, como a retirada ou cobertura de propostas e as promessas de subcontratação. Para além da possibilidade de cartelização, o desenho jurídico da modalidade também aponta para o risco de troca de informações sensíveis entre os licitantes e para o risco de direcionamento da contratação.

Adam Goldstein, Tod Hamilton

Many commentators have suggested that Donald Trump's 2016 election emboldened discrimination against racial minorities. We focus on changes in weekly work hours among hourly paid employees during the five months following the 2016 election (relative to 12 months prior). Using two-wave panel data from the Current Population Survey, we find that black workers suffered temporary work hours and earnings losses relative to white workers in areas where Trump received greater electoral support. There were no within-person declines among non-Hispanic whites in high-Trump-support areas or among any groups in lower-Trump-support areas. These patterns are not driven by seasonality, industrial composition, or pre-election trends, suggesting that Trump’s victory exacerbated racial disparities where he received strong electoral support. The findings reveal how political events can catalyze surges of discriminatory behavior in labor markets over the short to medium term, and they provide new evidence about the effects of Trump's early presidency on U.S. race relations.

COGHILL Ken , KINYONDO Abel , THORNTON Julia

This paper reports original research into how parliaments (legislatures) address the ethical conduct of their members of parliament (MPs) as that may affect the accountability of MPs for their conduct, performance of the parliament and the reputation of the institution. It reports the findings of (i) a survey of all Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) member parliaments (ii) interviews of MPs and Clerks of selected CPA member parliaments and (iii) processes to develop benchmarks intended to guide CPA member parliaments in the design and/or revision of codes of conduct for MPs. Parliament is a key pillar of the National Integrity System (NIS) in a contemporary democracy. The NIS is the system of structural and behavioural features intended to improve accountability for conduct and reduce risks of corrupt behaviour, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of societal outputs and hence superior social outcomes. The paper presents analysis of the range of provisions in current codes (or code-like provisions) as features of the Parliamentary Integrity System component of the NIS in CPA member parliaments. Whilst sanctions for unacceptable behaviour are found to be essential to the effectiveness of codes, behavioural factors are crucial to the effectiveness of any code. A disregard for a code and a failure to enforce it would render it ineffective. The paper discusses the effects of providing MPs with one or more sources of independent advice on ethical matters and also of providing for receipt and investigation of complaints to be independent of possible or perceived partisan influence. Finally, proposed benchmarks applicable to codes of conduct for MPs are outlined.

Gábor MÉLYPTAKI, Zsófia RİCZU, Dávid MÁTÉ et al.

Artificial Intelligence and automation are some of the most defining elements of the XXI century, whose significant imprint is manifested in society and social relations. Digital development is transforming the world of work - this thesis is the starting point of many kinds of research. This principle is also the basic premise of the present study, as it transforms working and employment conditions to develop and spread digital technologies, resulting in an untraceable process. As the maker of individual decisions, artificial intelligence can create a new context in labour law. The study aims to examine the labour law entity of artificial intelligence, outlining the Asian and European distribution of reactions to the introduction of automatic decision-making and the impact of MI on industrial relations. The outstanding importance of the topic is also shown by the fact that numerous studies deal with examining legal personality outside labour law.

Sergey Yu. Kashkin, Paul A. Kalinichenko

The law of the sea is central to the modern international system and has a significant impact on the global economy. Its study is undoubtedly necessary for the education of highly qualified lawyers in the field of international law due to the fact that the safety of sea transport corridors plays a significant role in the development of international trade relations. Freedom of navigation practice in the post-industrial economy depends on the quality of the institutions of public maritime law and the efficiency of the execution of maritime contracts. Authors of the textbook made efforts to master the provisions of public maritime law in their relationship with the practices of merchant shipping, which is certainly interesting and useful due to the importance of maritime trade for achieving the sustainable development goals.

Andrzej Romanowski, Zbigniew Chaniecki, Aleksandra Koralczyk et al.

This paper presents a novel approach to a complex process of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) measurement data analysis. ECT is frequently employed for non-invasive monitoring of industrial process phenomena. Proposed methodology is based on the premeditated integration of the spatial and temporal relations inherent in the measurement records into the workflow of the analysis procedure. We propose a concept of interactive timeline that enables arranging data visualization according to the user’s current focus along the process of analysis. We evaluated the proposed method using a prototype system in a task-based user study conducted with a group of domain experts. The evaluation is based on gravitational silo flow measurement datasets. Proposed prototype system enables diverse data manipulation in a more natural way allowing the user to switch back and forth between space and time domains along the data analysis trail. Experiments with the prototype system showed that the accuracy and completion times have significantly improved in comparison to the performance measured in the baseline condition. Additionally, the participants reported decreased physical load with improved efficiency measured with NASA task load index. Finally, a short discussion coupled with directions for the future of interactive spatio-temporal ECT measurement data analysis conclude the paper.

T. L. Deych

The article deals with China’s policy in Africa in the last decade. As the analysis shows, China has been steadily increasing its presence in Africa, not only in the countries rich in natural resources – though it is resources, especially oil, that remain of particular importance for the Chinese economy – but also in countries poor on natural resources and bearing little strategic value. The author examines unique features of China’s diplomatic practices on the continent, as well as explores China-Africa trade relations and Beijing’s activities as a donor and investor in Africa. Special attention is given to the Belt and Road Initiative, which plays a significant part in China’s foreign strategy, as well as to the role of African countries located on the crossroads between land and maritime Silk Roads. The Chinese strategy involves massive infrastructure projects, including the construction of railways and highways, upgrades of aviation communications, new energy projects, industrial parks, as well as the construction of seaports in coastal countries. The increase in Beijing’s investment flow to the African economies and the expansion of its spheres of influence on the continent are extensively examined by politicians, scientists and the media. On one hand, Beijing is often credited for the rapid economic growth of African countries, with some now experiencing world’s fastest rates of growth. On the other hand, some accuse Beijing of “neo-colonialism”, claiming that China is guided only by its own interests, which are radically different from African interests, that it violates human rights and disregards environmental regulations in its desire to grab as much natural resources as possible. The author argues that an objective analysis of the various aspects of Beijing’s activities in Africa in the last decade, as well as an examination of the way these activities are seen by Africans themselves, may shed some light on the nature of China’s intentions in Africa.

Pietro MANZELLA

This paper examines the notion of ‘moonlighting’, which in industrial relations discourse refers to secondary employment performed in addition to the employee’s main job. As this concept might lend itself to different interpretations in English, the aim of this paper is to consider whether the ambiguous nature of this wording in source texts is also reflected in target texts, exploring how translators deal with it when rendering this concept in other languages. To this end, documents published by international institutions in English and their translations in French, Italian and Spanish  were compared and contrasted, investigating the strategies put in place by translators to convey the meaning of “moonlighting” in other languages. 

Renan Cruvinel de Oliveira

Uma série de alterações na configuração dos mercados tem dado origem a questionamentos ainda não respondidos de modo definitivo pelo ordenamento jurídico. O conceito básico de autonomia da sociedade comercial tem dado espaço a elementos como controle, domínio e dependência inter-societária, bem como à ideia de sociedades empresárias que atuam em prol não apenas de seus próprios interesses, mas também daqueles preconizados pelo grupo a que pertencem ou de outras sociedades integrantes desse grupo. Assim, este artigo tem o objetivo de fornecer elementos para o esclarecimento de questões problemáticas que possam surgir com a adoção dessas novas estruturas de organização, com foco no campo antitruste. Para isso, apresentará a definição dos grupos de sociedades no Brasil e as consequências dessa definição para o sistema regulatório brasileiro em matéria de responsabilidade intragrupal. Após, tratará da responsabilidade solidária entre sociedades empresárias de um mesmo grupo econômico por infrações antitruste.

Kalamatiev Todor, Ristovski Aleksandar

The European integration process accompanied by the harmonization of the EU member states' legislation will inevitably lead to the establishment of a European social model which has a 'sui generis' legal nature. European social model forms a part of the common legal heritage of the European countries and it can be defined as a system of values that include democracy and individual rights, free collective bargaining, market economy, equal opportunities for all, and social protection and solidarity. Subject of analysis in this paper are both, the essential components of the European social model such as: the social 'acquis communautaire' and the European industrial relations. The social 'acquis communautaire' is an integral part of the general 'acquis communautaire' and it encompasses the regulations arising from the primary and secondary labour law legislation of the EU, decisions of the European Court of Justice and other legal measures of the European Union with a binding or non-binding legal nature. European industrial relations encompass the key features of the European trade union models as well as the types of social dialogue in different EU member states. This paper pays attention to a profound elaboration of the harmonization of two EU labour law directives with the Macedonian employment legislation. The first Directive (Directive 91/533/EEC of 14 October 1991 on an employers' obligation to inform employees of the conditions applicable to the contract or employment relationship) may be classified in the field of individual employment relations, while the second one (Directive 2002/14/EC of 11 March 2002 establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community) can be subsumed within the field of collective employment relations. Finally, the authors illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the Macedonian labour legislation in the process of harmonization with the relevant EU directives, indicating the possible areas for improvement of the quality of the labour regulations governing the individual and collective employment relations.

Zappalà Salvatore

Workplaces are often described as places in which individuals are motivated by their self-interests and in which negative events like time pressure, anxiety, conflict with co-workers, miscomprehensions, difficulties in solving problems, not-transmitted or not-exchanged information that lead to mistakes, and in some cases to injuries, stress or control, are part of everyday life (Dormann & Zapf, 2002; Schabracq, Winnubst and Cooper, 2003). Such situations are often the result of the limited comprehension of needs, skills, or information available to colleagues, supervisors, subordinates, clients or providers. However, workplaces are also places in which employees take care of clients, support colleagues and subordinates (Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002), are enthusiastic about their job (Bakker et al., 2008), are motivated by leaders that encourage employees to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group or the organization and provide them with the confidence to perform beyond expectations (Bass, 1997). Thus positive relationships at work are becoming a new interdisciplinary domain of inquiry (Dutton & Ragins, 2006). Within this positive relationships framework, in this paper we focus on a positive component of workplaces, and particularly on an individual cognitive and emotional process that has an important role in the workplace because it facilitates interpersonal relations and communications: it is the perspective taking process. In order to describe perspective taking, we will refer to some empirical studies and particularly to the review published by Parker, Atkins and Axtell in 2008 on the International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.