Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

Elluru Venkatesh, S. Elluru

The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices, changed the way oral and maxillofacial radiology is practiced. CBCT was embraced into the dental settings very rapidly due to its compact size, low cost, low ionizing radiation exposure when compared to medical computed tomography. Alike medical CT, 3 dimensional evaluation of the maxillofacial region with minimal distortion is offered by the CBCT. This article provides an overview of basics of CBCT technology and reviews the specific application of CBCT technology to oral and maxillofacial region with few illustrations.

V. Sargaiyan, R. Yadav, S. S. Parihar et al.

S. Priyadarsini, S. Mukherjee, M. Mishra

Hussain Z, Abdulrahim Abdul Moti L, Jagal J et al.

Zahid Hussain,1,2 Lama Abdulrahim Abdul Moti,1 Jayalakshmi Jagal,2 Hnin Ei Thu,3 Shahzeb Khan,4 Mohsin Kazi5 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; 2Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; 4Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK; 5Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Zahid Hussain, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates, Email zhussain@sharjah.ac.aeIntroduction: Owing to its high prevalence, colossal potential of chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse, breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related fatalities in women. Several treatments (eg, chemotherapy, surgery, radiations, hormonal therapy, etc.) are conventionally prescribed for the treatment of BC; however, these are associated with serious systemic aftermaths. In this research, we aimed to design a multiprong targeting strategy for concurrent action against different phenotypes of BC (MCF-7 and SK-BR-3) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) for relapse-free treatment of BC.Methods: Paclitaxel (PTX) and tamoxifen (TMX) co-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the ionic-gelation method and optimized using the Design Expert® software by controlling different material attributes. For selective targeting through CD44-receptors that are heavily expressed on the BC cells and TAMs, the fabricated NPs (PTX-TMX-CS-NPs) were functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) as a targeting ligand.Results: The optimized HA-PTX-TMX-CS-NPs exhibited desired physicochemical properties (PS ~230 nm, PDI 0.30, zeta potential ~21.5 mV), smooth spherical morphology, high encapsulation efficiency (PTX ~72% and TMX ~97%), good colloidal stability, and biphasic release kinetics. Moreover, the lowest cell viability depicted in MCF-7 (~25%), SK-BR-3 (~20%), and RAW 264.7 cells (~20%), induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, enhanced cell internalization, and alleviation of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 migration proved the superior anticancer potential of HA-PTX-TMX-CS-NPs compared to unfunctionalized NPs and other control medicines.Conclusion: HA-functionalization of NPs is a promising multiprong strategy for CD44-receptors-mediated targeting of BC cells and TAMs to mitigate the progression, metastasis, and relapse in the BC. Keywords: paclitaxel, tamoxifen, hyaluronic acid, polymeric nanoparticles, CD44-receptors, breast cancer, cell uptake, anticancer efficacy

Carolina Alves Andrade, Letícia Marinho Silva Rocha, Eric Mayer dos Santos et al.

Objective: This study evaluated color change (deltaE00) and translucency (TP) of GICs over 3 months. Materials and Methods: Discs (n = 5) of conventional (ION-Z [IZ], Maxxion R [MX], Vidrion R [VR], Riva Self Cure [RSC], GC Gold Label 9 [G9] and resin-modified GICs (GC Gold Label 2 [G2], Equia Forte [EF]) were prepared and stored in distilled water. Color measurements were taken (3x/disc) with a reflectance spectrophotometer at 5 experimental times: immediately after preparation; after 1 hour (1h), 1 day (1d), 1 week (1w), and 3 months (3m). Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha=0.05) Results: After 3 months, all GICs presented perceptible deltaE00, with MX and RSC exhibiting the highest values. EF consistently showed acceptable deltaE00 MX and RSC showed the highest TP after 1h and throughout (p<0.05). G2, RSC, G9, and VR showed their highest TP values at 1w and 3m, with no differences between these times (p - > 0.05). IZ showed the highest TP at 1d and 1w, and EF’s greatest TP was at 3m. Conclusion: GICs showed perceptible color changes with unstable translucency. EF maintained acceptable color change. KEYWORDS Color; Dental care for aged; Dental restoration failure; Glass ionomer cements; Colorimetry.

María Cristina Franco-Arellanes, Perla Xóchitl Toledo-Valdes, Cynthia Díaz-Hernández et al.

INTRODUCTION: O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification in which a single N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (GlcNAc) molecule is added to Ser or Thr residues of proteins. The O-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) enzyme is responsible for adding GlcNAc to the target proteins and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (OGA) that removes the GlcNAc residue. O-GlcNAcylation has been described in the pathophysiology of several diseases; however, little has been studied in dental tissue. The aim of the present work is to characterise the product of O-GlcNAcylation and its enzymes at the tissue level in the dental pulp, as well as its expression in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) both in situ and in vitro. This enables the recognition of the behaviour of O-GlcNAcylation in pulp tissue without pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pulp tissue was obtained from 10 healthy donors, and the expression of O-GlcNAc, OGT, and OGA was analysed using immunofluorescence with specific antibodies in different regions of the dental pulp. DPSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified with anti-STRO1 (antibody specific for human CD34+ cells, useful for DPSC identification). The expression of O-GlcNAc in DPSCs was confirmed in vitro through Western blot. Results. Different regions of the dental pulp and DPSCs express O-GlcNAc and the enzymes OGT and OGA. O-GlcNAc and OGT expression was more prominent in the odontoblastic layer, cell-rich zone, and in the central core. OGA was distributed throughout the pulp tissue with lower immunoreactivity compared to OGT. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation may play a relevant role in human dental pulp homeostasis and in physiology of DPSCs.

Keila do Carmo Neves, Gabriel Nivaldo Brito Constantino, Ana Carolina Fernandes de Souza Gusmão et al.

Introdução: A Segurança do paciente visa reduzir o risco de dano desnecessário associado ao cuidado de saúde a um mínimo aceitável, sendo abordada constantemente nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde. Objetivo: Assim, buscou-se verificar a percepção do acadêmico de enfermagem frente a segurança do paciente na Unidade de pediatria. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, de abordagem mista (quantitativo + qualitativo), apresentando diferentes perspectivas dos graduandos de Enfermagem relacionadas a segurança do paciente nas unidades de pronto atendimento pediátrico por meio da pesquisa de campo. Resultados e Discussão: Analisando os dados, das 51 pessoas que responderam ao formulário, 100% descreveram que é de suma importância a segurança do paciente dentro do ambiente hospitalar, sendo o serviço de enfermagem fundamental para a recuperação do paciente. Em relação às facilidades e dificuldades encontradas para manter a segurança do paciente pediátrico, 1,9% não souberam responder, enquanto 98,1% narram a facilidade pelo contato diário com o paciente e a dificuldade ser a grande demanda que os profissionais têm. Ressalta-se que das 100% das pessoas que responderam a pesquisa 31,37% não fizeram nenhum curso complementar ou assistiu palestra sobre o tema segurança do paciente Conclusão: É de conhecimento geral que a segurança do paciente é de extrema importância, sobretudo a do paciente pediátrico, que é a temática abordada no artigo. Também é notável que cada vez mais os acadêmicos buscam conscientizar e se informar sobre o tema. Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem; Pediatria; Segurança do Paciente.

Mohamed R. Zughbur, Yaser Hamam, Ashraf Kagee et al.

Abstract Armed conflicts have a devastating effect on the civilian population, not only by direct violence but also by causing long-lasting psychiatric conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, as a result of exposure to traumatic events such as displacement, loss of loved ones, and destruction of homes. The military attack on Gaza, which has been ongoing since October 7, 2023, compounds an environment of continuing fear, uncertainty, and loss, which markedly increases the prevalence of mental health disorders. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety, probable PTSD, and depression in the population of Gaza after one year of continuous war. This study aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on the mental health challenges experienced by the people of Gaza. Data collection was carried out between November 10, 2024, and January 10, 2025. Four hundred five participants completed an online self-reported questionnaire, distributed via emails, social media platforms, and community networks. The survey screened for symptoms of PTSD (PCL-5), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9), and included items assessing exposure to war-related experiences. The findings indicated alarmingly high rates of mental health symptoms, with 72.7% of participants reporting moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), 65% reporting moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10), and 83.5% meeting the threshold for probable PTSD (PCL-5 ≥ 33). The mean scores indicated moderate to severe symptom levels for anxiety and depression, with GAD-7 at 13.16 and PHQ-9 at 14.32. The mean PCL-5 score was 48.16, reflecting a substantial burden of PTSD symptoms among participants. A substantial proportion had lost a family member (45.7%), experienced a military siege (82.5%), witnessed someone being killed or injured (80.5%), and reported losing their work due to the conflict (42.7%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that losing a family member was significantly associated with moderate or higher levels of depression (OR = 2.395, p = 0.010) and anxiety (OR = 1.929, p = 0.027). Similarly, living in the northern part of the Gaza Strip was significantly associated with moderate or higher levels of depression (OR = 1.755, p = 0.039) and anxiety (OR = 2.395, p = 0.010). The simultaneous presence of any two of the three mental health conditions was statistically significant, with p values for each pairwise association being less than 0.05. The study revealed that the population of Gaza had an extremely high prevalence of diagnosable mental disorders, as determined through validated screening tools for anxiety, depression, and PTSD. These findings have far-reaching implications, emphasizing the urgent need not only for medical and psychosocial support, but more critically, for an end to the ongoing violence that continues to devastate lives and communities.

Matthew Lynch, Sophie Manoy, Peter D. Sly et al.

Summary: Background: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare multisystem disease characterised by neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxia, lung disease, immune deficiency, high cancer risk, and mitochondrial dysfunction. A-T cells demonstrate defective endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial connectivity disrupting calcium homoeostasis and mitochondrial fusion, which are corrected in vitro by the triheptanoin metabolite, heptanoate. Methods: We performed a Phase 2a/b trial of triheptanoin with a three-arm placebo-controlled dose-escalation design. Doses escalated at 2-month intervals for 12 months in the sequence 0%, 10%, 20%, 35% of calculated caloric intake. The primary outcome was cell death in respiratory epithelial cells. Key secondary outcomes included scales for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS), speech and swallowing function, and novel biomarker discovery. Findings: 31 participants with A-T were enrolled aged from 4 to 37 years (median 16-years). For the maximum dose vs. placebo or no dose, significant improvements was observed for the primary outcome percent nasal cell death (mean difference (MD) = −9.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −16.0, 4.6). The SARA subscale kinetic function improved (MD = −5.8, 95% CI −10.4, −1.2), as did ICARS subscales gait (MD = −0.5, 95% CI −0.9, −0.1) and fine motor disturbance (MD = −2.7, 95% CI −4.3, −1.1). Speech intelligibility (MD = −12.8, 95% CI −21.2, −4.3) and swallowing safety (−0.9, 95% CI −1.6, −0.3) improved. Adverse events including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, requiring dose capping at 20%, were observed in 12 (38%) participants. Interpretation: Improvements in mitochondrial function in A-T cells in vivo in patients occurred after triheptanoin. The biomarkers neurofilament light chain and interferon signature stimulated gene scores may allow for monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. Funding: Funded by Medical Researcher Futures Fund Australia (GA89314), The University of Queensland, Wesley Research Institute, and BrAshA-T.

Abdulmajeed A. Aljabr, BDS, MD, PHD

الملخص: تعتبر متلازمة بابيلون-ليفيفر أكثر انتشارا في المملكة العربية السعودية مقارنة بمناطق أخرى من العالم. ولم تبلغ سوى عن عدد قليل من تقارير الحالات وسلاسل الحالات من المملكة. وتختلف الخصائص السريرية للحالات المبلغ عنها من حيث شدتها وأعراضها. وقد يشمل التباين في الحالات اختلافات في إصابة اللثة و/أو المظاهر الجلدية، بالإضافة إلى إصابات جهازية أخرى. وبناء على شدة إصابة اللثة، يتراوح العلاج بين تعليمات نظافة الفم وزراعة الأسنان لتعويض الأسنان المفقودة في استعادة الجماليات. وقد تساعد دراسة تفاصيل كل حالة على تحسين إدارة متلازمة بابيلون-ليفيفر. وقد بذلت محاولة لدراسة جميع الحالات المبلغ عنها في المجتمع السعودي لتقييم تباين الخصائص السريرية والعلاج المقدم. ويمكن أن تشكل هذه المجموعة من الحالات موردا قيما ومصدرا إرشاديا لأطباء الأسنان في المملكة العربية السعودية لتحسين إدارة المرضى المشخصين بمتلازمة بابيلون-ليفيفر. Abstract: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) has a higher prevalence in the Kingdom of KSA (KSA) compared to many other parts of the world. Few case reports and case series have been reported from the KSA. The clinical characteristics of cases reported vary in severity and presentation. Variation in cases may involve differences in periodontal involvement and/or skin manifestation and other systemic involvement. Depending on the severity of periodontal involvement, treatment varies from oral hygiene instructions to implant placement for replacement of missing teeth in restoring esthetics. Studying the details of each case may help better manage PLS. An attempt was made to study all of the cases reported in the Saudi population to assess the clinical characteristics variation and treatment rendered. This compilation of cases could serve as a valuable resource and guiding source for dentists in KSA for the better management of patients diagnosed with PLS.

V. T. Noronha, A. J. Paula, Gabriela Durán et al.

M. Cadenaro, T. Maravic, A. Comba et al.

Adhesive systems are resin-based materials that reach their final mechanical properties through a polymerization process. Previous literature correlated the failure of the adhesive interface to low polymer setting. Adhesives systems are elaborate mixtures of different molecules of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature, included in the formulation to adequately infiltrate the complex dental substrate or added to prolong the stability of the adhesive layer over time. Each adhesive component may influence the polymerization reaction of the material. Photopolymerization is a complex reaction that has several clinical implications, and besides the material composition, it is influenced by multiple factors, including the substrate characteristics, the operator technique, and the light cure unit properties. This review is focused on the analysis of factors that have a potential role in the setting of adhesive materials and thus the ultimate characteristics of the adhesive layer and the stability of the resin-dentin interface.

Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik

F. Rueggeberg, M. Giannini, C. Arrais et al.

Contemporary dentistry literally cannot be performed without use of resin-based restorative materials. With the success of bonding resin materials to tooth structures, an even wider scope of clinical applications has arisen for these lines of products. Understanding of the basic events occurring in any dental polymerization mechanism, regardless of the mode of activating the process, will allow clinicians to both better appreciate the tremendous improvements that have been made over the years, and will also provide valuable information on differences among strategies manufacturers use to optimize product performance, as well as factors under the control of the clinician, whereby they can influence the long-term outcome of their restorative procedures.

Aishwarya Bhargav, Vijayavenkatraman Sanjairaj, V. Rosa et al.

P. Bhanushali, F. Katge, Shantanu Deshpande et al.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic, creating a global health and economic crisis. It is a novel virus which is distinct from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, with Chinese horseshoe bats being the most probable origin. Transmission occurs primarily through droplet spread or contact routes. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection between dental health care personnel (DHCP) and patients can be very high. This article provides a brief overview of the structure of the virus, modes of transmission, and clinical features of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this article is to recommend infection control strategies and patient management protocols to provide optimum dental care and simultaneously prevent nosocomial infection in dental settings.

Mohammad Tawfique Hossain Chowdhury, K M Tawsif Ahamed Somrat, Maliha Rashid et al.

Background: COVID-19 (Corona Virus disease 2019) is a newly discovered disease that originated in China and quickly spread throughout the world, killing millions of people and infecting many more. People have a new hope due to newly discovered vaccines for this fatal disease. However, the vaccines showed a number of side effects on the people receiving them. Nonetheless, it has proven to be helpful in providing protection against the fatal infection. Purpose: To analyze the probable side effects of the vaccines experienced by vaccine recipient and their belief regarding vaccine. Method: An online survey was conducted through different social media platforms and Email from 11 July’2021 to 16 July’2021. Ethical permission and consent was taken prior to the survey and data collections. Occurance and the extent of vaccine side effects were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression analysis. Result: Among 175 vaccine recipients, 92 (52.58%)  received one dose and 83 (47.42%) received two doses, with 93 (53.1) receiving SinoPharm vaccine, 78 (44.6) receiving AstraZeneca vaccine, and 4 (2.3%) receiving Pfizer vaccine. More than half of the respondents experienced side effects among which headaches (50.3%) and drowsiness (45.71%) were common followed by fever (36%) and muscle ache (32%). Female (P=0.000) and vaccine concerned group (P=0.033) experienced more side effects. Headache (68.8%), fever (40.9%) and drowsiness (50.5%) were more common among Sinopharm recipients. Fever (50%) and muscle ache (50%) were more common among Pfizer recipients while muscle ache (43.5%) and drowsiness (42.3%) were common among AstraZaneca recipients group. Conclusion: Headache, fever, muscular discomfort, soreness at the injection site, drowsiness, nausea, and other adverse effects are common with the COVID vaccination. Females are more susceptible to side effects than males, and the probability of experiencing them increases with the second dose. AstraZeneca vaccine recipient experiencing more  side effects than other types of vaccine recipients. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2023; 13(2):3-8

Peng Liu, Hugo Kyo Lee, Marco Casazza

T. V. van Riet, Kevin T H Chin Jen Sem, J. Ho et al.

OBJECTIVES To provide dental practitioners and researchers with a comprehensive and transparent evidence-based overview of physical robot initiatives in all fields of dentistry. DATA Articles published since 1985 concerning primary data on physical robot technology in dentistry were selected. Characteristics of the papers were extracted such as the respective field of dentistry, year of publication as well as a description of its usage. SOURCES Bibliographic databases PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched. A hand search through reference lists of all included articles was performed. STUDY SELECTION The search timeline was between January 1985 and October 2020. All types of scientific literature in all languages were included concerning fields of dentistry ranging from student training to implantology. Robot technology solely for the purpose of research and maxillofacial surgery were excluded. In total, 94 articles were included in this systematic review. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a systematic overview of initiatives using robot technology in dentistry since its very beginning. While there were many interesting robot initiatives reported, the overall quality of the literature, in terms of clinical validation, is low. Scientific evidence regarding the benefits, results and cost-efficiency of commercially available robotic solutions in dentistry is lacking. The rise in availability of open source control systems, compliant robot systems and the design of dentistry-specific robot technology might facilitate the process of technological development in the near future. The authors are confident that robotics will provide useful solutions in the future but, strongly, encourage an evidence-based approach when adapting to new (robot) technology.

S. Zafar, Y. Lai, C. Sexton et al.

BACKGROUND Dental students are required to demonstrate competency by preclinical simulated practice before performing invasive clinical procedures on patients. The Moog Simodont® Dental Trainer provides a virtual reality based dental simulation environment for training students. AIM This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study compared students' perception of the preclinical paediatric dentistry training gained in Simodont® and conventional simulation environment. DESIGN The dental students who completed pulpotomies and stainless steel crowns (SSCs) training in Simodont® and conventional preclinical simulation laboratory were invited to complete a questionnaire on their experience in both environments. The percentages for the distribution of responses to statements about training modality were tabulated, and intra-participant comparisons were used to measure student preference for either Simodont® or conventional simulation training. RESULTS One hundred students completed the survey. Fifty-one percent of students agreed that using Simodont® assisted their learning, and 56% felt Simodont® training facilitated their understanding of paediatric dentistry tasks. Generally, participants felt more comfortable with simulation training than Simodont® for both practical exercises. Eighty-eight percent of the participants disagreed that Simodont® should replace conventional simulation. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that Simodont® could be used as an adjunct in training dental students for preclinical paediatric dentistry restorative exercises.