Ivana Mihić, Katarina Mašić, Miljana Marić Ognjenović
et al.
Istraživanja dokazuju da uključenost očeva doprinosi razvoju deteta, kvalitetu majčinog roditeljstva, te funkcionalnosti cele porodice. Ipak, postoji značajna diskrepanca između onog što nauka nudi kao usmerenje za kvalitetnije staranje o deci i prakse podrške.
Zdravstveni sistem je kontekst u kom se veštine kvalitetnog staranja mogu podržati od prvog dana, kod oba roditelja. Ovo istraživanje ima cilj da opiše iskustvo očeva vezano za podršku koju dobijaju iz zdravstvenog sistema. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 367 očeva (prosečan uzrast 37 godina; uzrast najstarijeg deteta 58 meseci). Najveći broj očeva je zaposlen (94,8%) i ima završenu srednju školu (42,2%) ili fakultetsko obrazovanje (42,2%).
Profesionalci iz zdravstvenog sistema se retko prepoznaju kao izvor podrške. Tokom praćenja trudnoće otac gotovo nikad nije pozvan na kontrole, a razvoj bebe i uloga oca nisu tema razgovora. Pedijatri očeve pozivaju češće, ali i dalje 50% očeva izveštava da nije nikada pozvano na kontrole u pedijatrijskom savetovalištu. Patronažne sestre se prepoznaju kao resurs i posete se često (43,5%) planiraju u vreme kada je otac prisutan. Ipak, vidljive su statistički značajne razlike u podršci koju tokom poseta dobijaju majke i očevi u svim aspektima podrške brizi o bebama, građenju veština interakcije sa bebom i razgovoru o kompetentnosti i osećanjima vezanim za roditeljstvo.
Michael Seaborne, Hope Jones, Neil Cockburn
et al.
Objective
MIREDA aims to provide a harmonized UK-wide resource of restructured, routinely collected anonymised data from multiple birth cohorts using the OMOP Common Data Model (CDM). It will enable analyses across sites without sharing sensitive data and produce real-world evidence to support interventions and policies that improve maternal and infant outcomes.
Methods
MIREDA harmonizes data from five UK birth cohorts by identifying and compiling common data within each Trusted Research Environment (TRE). The data is cleaned and assessed using summary reports before being mapped to a common format through a mix of automated and manual steps. Transformation rules are applied to standardize the data while ensuring privacy, as no raw data leaves the TREs. Analyses are conducted separately within each TRE using the same methods, with strict checks and validations before securely federating the results.
Results
Preliminary findings reveal significant regional variations in preterm birth rates and school attainment, alongside differing exposure risks such as smoking rates, maternal age, ethnicity, and multimorbidity. By stratifying populations with similar exposure risks but residing in different regions, the dataset enables natural experiment methods to evaluate the impact of local policies and interventions. Early results demonstrate how harmonized data can reveal disparities in crude versus standardized prevalence rates and provide case studies highlighting the effectiveness of local interventions in improving maternal and child outcomes.
Conclusion
The OMOP CDM provides a scalable, internationally accepted framework for data harmonisation. MIREDA will expand this to include non-healthcare data, such as education and health visitor records, and foster international collaborations. This initiative will help policymakers identify effective interventions to improve maternal and infant outcomes across the UK and beyond.
Mental disorders are experienced by pregnant women 10% worldwide, the occurrence of mental health disorders certainly requires the best solution, so that it can reduce the impacts that arise, such as preeclampsia/eclampsia, bleeding, increased blood pressure measurement results, and prolonged second stage. Preliminary studies found that pregnant women felt anxious, and the examination was still focused on physical examination. The purpose of the study was to see the determinants that cause anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester, using a Cross-Sectional design and interview method using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) questionnaire, a sample for the study of 138 respondents using the total population. The primary data used was from the questionnaire. Statistical analysis using multiple logistic regression. The variables of parity, history of pregnancy complications, facilities, husband's support, and support from health workers have a significant effect on anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester. The variable of health worker support is the most dominant on anxiety in pregnant women with an OR of 4.727. There is an influence of the variables of knowledge, parity, history of pregnancy complications, health facilities, and support from health workers, the dominant variable is the support of health workers, which is the main key to reducing anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester. The better the support from health workers for pregnant women, the greater the opportunity for mothers to not feel anxious during their pregnancy.
Objectives
This paper offers new insight into the link between success in high stakes exams and subsequent education and labour market outcomes. It is the first study to look holistically at the impact of crossing an important high stakes threshold on both academic and vocational education choices and ultimately labour market outcomes.
Method
It does so by comparing those either side of a formerly important threshold in the English education system at the end of compulsory schooling (achieving five general certificate of secondary education A* to C passes) which was commonly regarded as the minimum benchmark for continuing into post-compulsory education.
Results
I find that crossing this threshold led to an 6.3-6.7 percentage point increase in the proportion of men and women (respectively) going on to take academic qualifications, with little change in the proportion taking vocational qualifications, leading to a net increase in those staying on after compulsory schooling. Women's daily earnings in 2017-18 (11-13 years after leaving compulsory schooling) were 3.1 percentage points higher for those just crossing the threshold, but men's early labour market outcomes were unchanged.
Conclusion
The results for men can be explained by low returns to academic qualifications for marginal learners. The findings for women do not disappear after accounting for subsequent education choices, suggesting that crossing the threshold may play a signalling role for employers as well as education institutions.
<b>Background</b>: Segmented assimilation theory asserts that children born to immigrants experience divergent paths of incorporation. While some exhibit substantial gains in well-being, others may fare worse than US-origin whites or their own parents. It is certainly true that contemporary immigrants find themselves living in a different context than those who arrived in the United States during the early 20th century. However, it remains an empirical question whether the incorporation process has suddenly become segmented. <b>Methods</b>: We select five of the top European sending regions to ask whether socioeconomic outcomes varied between immigrant-origin populations between 1910 and 1930. We use the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel to link men over a 20-year period. Logistic regression is used to predict probabilities of school enrollment in 1910 among US- and immigrant-origin youths. We then rely on a series of OLS specifications to predict the socioeconomic standing of these men in 1930 as well as differences in father-son status. We also compare relative rates of occupational mobility across country of origin. <b>Results</b>: We find evidence of intergenerational mobility as well as convergence in economic success. Though some immigrant-origin groups fare better than others (e.g., the Irish and those from the United Kingdom versus Italians and Germans), our results largely align with classical theories of assimilation. To the extent that segmented assimilation occurs, it emerges in the especially low levels of attainment among German-origin youths. <b>Contribution</b>: Our findings raise important questions about studies that investigate segmented assimilation among immigrant-origin youths. We argue that more work is needed to determine whether downward assimilation is a sign of permanent disadvantage or a short-term consequence from which youths can recover.
Objectives
This paper describes the creation of a comprehensive, linked Australian population spine including name and address history. This spine was developed using four national datasets and linked to multiple State and Territory datasets. This enabled the creation of linkage maps which could then be used to produce de-identified linked datasets.
Approach
Initially the spine was created using identifiers from Medicare Consumer Directory (MCD), Social Services data (DOMINO) and National Death Index (NDI). The COVID-19 vaccination program covering almost the entire Australian population provided the opportunity to add the Australian Immunisation Registry (AIR) .
Probabilistic linkage was used to link MCD and DOMINO with linkage rates of 97.3%. MCD and NDI data were also linked probabilistically. Most AIR identifiers shared IDs with MCD and were linked deterministically with the remainder linked probabilistically.
Results
Based on the linkage results, unique identifiers were created for everyone appearing in at least one of the four datasets. Only unlinked records with very incomplete information in NDI and AIR were excluded. All unique combinations of names and addresses for each individual were added to the combined spine. This allowed us to cover the data gaps of each dataset and create a comprehensive history not possible when using a single data source.
Linkage maps were created between all contributing data sources. State and Territory datasets were also linked to the spine using probabilistic linkage. These linkages were then reused for multiple projects.
Conclusion
Linkage to the combined spine increased linkage efficiency (a “Link once, use everywhere” approach) as well as increased linkage accuracy and a reduction in the transfer of personal information to provide a better service to the Australian research community.
Forest cover changes in the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary, in the north eastern Indian state of Assam between 2000 and 2020 were assessed using Landsat 5 TM (2000 and 2010) and Landsat 8 OLI (2020) satellite data. The objective of the study was to examine the temporal variations, if any, of forest cover in the Sanctuary. The satellite images of 2000, 2010 and 2020 were classified using supervised classification into three different categories viz: dense forest, open forest, and barren land. Based on a maximum likelihood classifier and using standard accuracy assessments, the results indicated that the area covered by barren land and open forest increased between 2000 and 2010 but decreased between 2010 and 2020. Similarly, dense forest had decreased by 22.32% between 2000 and 2010 but increased by 15.19% between 2010 and 2020. These changes occurred reflecting the positive results emanating from conservation policies and afforestation efforts by the primary stakeholder, the state forest department, in recent years. Such efforts were linked to the enhanced institutional status of the protected area, which had been upgraded from a Reserved Forest in 1966 to that of a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1994.
The objective of this study was to apply cox regression to factor analysis of stroke recurrence rate. This type of research was applied research on secondary data. The samples were 178 first stroke patients who are enrolled in inpatient period January to December 2011 and then made observations on the incidence of recurrent strokes up in February 2017 in medical record. Analysis techniques using Cox regression analysis on risk factors of stroke recurrence rate in RSAU dr. Esnawan Antariksa Halim Perdana Kusumah Jakarta. The analysis exhibited that the rate of recurrence of stroke has the same risk between categories of obesity. Stroke patients with a history of hypertension had a risk of a stroke recurrence rate of 5.594 times more likely than stroke patients with no history of hypertension, stroke patients with a history of diabetes mellitus had a risk of stroke recurrence rate of 1.912 times more likely than stroke patients with no history of diabetes mellitus, stroke patients with a history of dyslipidemia The risk of a recurrence rate of stroke was 2.153 times more likely than stroke patients without a history of dyslipidemia, and stroke patients with a history of heart abnormalities had a risk of recurrent stroke rates of 2.321 times more likely than stroke patients without a history of heart abnormalities. For stroke patients with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and a history of cardiac abnormalities, need to do regular check-ups and controls every month to avoid recurrence of stroke.
This study aims to analyze the labor force, labor force participation rate, and employment opportunities in East Java. The method used is the observation of secondary data from the Planning and Development Agencies of East Java (BAPPEDA JATIM) and also the central website of the National Bureau of Statistic (BPS). Then, data is analyzed and processed using Spectrum software. The result of labor force data analysis shows that the city of Surabaya is the region with the largest labor force that is 1.336.932 people, while the city of Mojokerto has the lowest number of labor force is 61.459 inhabitants. The total labor force in an area is affected by the number of indigenous peoples and the rate of urbanization, which residents hope to obtain better education and employment. The highest labor force participation rate was found in Pacitan district area of 83%, while the lowest was Probolinggo district at 63%. The highest employment data analysis result is found Surabaya city with the number of 1.245.542 job opportunities. Some of the factors that affect employment opportunities include the economic conditions of an area, population growth rate, resource quality, the amount of income, and age structure of the population.
Este artículo plantea que una separación conyugal puede significar para las mujeres una oportunidad para recobrar su libertad, su autoestima y empoderarse; también aborda tanto lo relativo a la dinámica de discriminación y murmuraciones que la falta de una pareja corresidente suele desencadenar en propios y extraños en contra de esas mujeres, como las maneras negativas en que ellas propenden a percibirse a sí mismas y a su familia. Con base en entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas, la construcción y el análisis de relatos de vida de treinta y un mujeres divorciadas, se llega a la conclusión que el divorcio es una suerte de transgresión a las estructuras sociales de género que, en el corto plazo, provoca en sus protagonistas femeninas vergüenza de su condición y auto-segregación pero que, en el largo o mediano plazo, les puede abrir posibili- dades a la reinvención de sí como mujeres liberadas y empoderadas.
Social capital (like human capital) is an increasingly important factor of socio-economic development today. The role of social capital in technological advancement and economic development has been widely discussed in foreign and Polish literature. The main goal of this article is to analyse differences in the social capital of the Poznań agglomeration. To achieve it, the following cognitive questions will be addressed: (a) the level of social capital in the Poznań agglomeration; (b) the level of and differences in the basic components of social capital, and (c) differences in the level of social capital in the core-periphery system of the Poznań agglomeration.
El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar la situación del adulto mayor en la fuerza de trabajo de Venezuela. Para el análisis, fue procesada la Encuesta de Hogares por Muestreo del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas para el período 1975-2010. La situación del adulto mayor está marcada por su elevada actividad laboral, explicada por factores generacionales y de carácter sociocultural relacionados con el cambio estructural vivido por Venezuela entre la primera y la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Esa situación responde también a razones económicas, vinculadas a la precaria previsión social y al contexto de ingresos restringidos, producto de las recurrentes crisis, que incitaron a la permanencia en el mercado laboral de los estratos de más edad, especialmente de las mujeres adultas mayores, quienes abandonaron la inactividad para contribuir a mantener el nivel de vida de sus hogares. La escasa calificación, la informalidad y el trabajo por cuenta propia son características que distinguen al adulto mayor venezolano.
Social Sciences, Demography. Population. Vital events
Simona Bignami-Van Assche, Ari Van Assche, Philip Anglewicz
et al.
AIDS morbidity and mortality are expected to have a large impact on households' labor supply in rural Malawi since they reduce the time that adults can spend on production for subsistence and on income generating activities. However, the data demands for estimating this impact are high, limiting the amount of empirical evidence. In this paper, we utilize a unique combination of quantitative and qualitative data, including biomarkers for HIV, collected by the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project, to analyze the impact of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality on time allocation decisions for rural Malawians. We evaluate both the direct effect of HIV/AIDS on the time allocation of affected individuals as well as its indirect effect on the time allocation of surviving household members. We find that the latter is the most important effect of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, especially on women's time. Specifically, AIDS induces diversification of income sources, with women reallocating their time from work-intensive (typically farming and heavy chores) to cash-generating tasks (such as casual labor).
El libro de texto participa en la educación de los niños pero también en su socialización por transmisión de modelos de comportamientos sociales, de normas y de valores. Contribuye así en la construcción de las identidades de género por medio de las representaciones sexuadas y de las relaciones entre los sexos que él muestra. En este marco, resulta interesante conocer cuáles son las representaciones de lo masculino y de lo femenino transmitidas a través de los personajes presentes en los libros de texto. Para llevar a cabo este análisis se utiliza una metodología inspirada en los métodos de la sociología cuantitativa y de la demografía, y apoyada en la sociología de género y de las representaciones sociales. Con esta metodología se analizan 24 libros de matemáticas utilizados para la enseñanza primaria en países de África. El análisis comparativo revela los procesos de elaboración de las representaciones que se apoyan sobre el peso numérico de cada sexo y “la balanza diferencial” entre los sexos instaurada por toda una serie de variables.
Social Sciences, Demography. Population. Vital events
Nowadays political and socio-economic reorganization of the European space, where cities play a very important role, has a strong impact on peripheral areas, referred to as border regions. One can observe a changing role of these regions due to various functions and effects of internal or external borders in the integrated Europe. Internal border cities have gained new functions and a chance for the development. However, cities in the external European border regions may face serious development barriers which can result in the economic recession unless they can develop transportation or trade functions and thus become gateway cities.
La autora compara la evolución de la institución familiar en Argentina con la de las sociedades del capitalismo avanzado a través de los procesos de modernización del aparato productivo y de creciente individualización que han tenido lugar desde fines del siglo XIX. A pesar de que la evolución fue similar hasta aproximadamente los años setenta, los procesos de reestructuración económica que tuvieron lugar a partir de entonces generaron una diferencia fundamental entre ambos tipos de sociedad: mientras que en las sociedades del capitalismo la crisis de la familia es el resultado de una creciente individualización y opulencia, lo cual pone en riesgo la reproducción social; en Argentina y el resto de la región la exclusión social y económica de grandes masas de la población (y de familias) como resultado de las políticas de ajuste estructural son las que han agravado la crisis de la institución familiar.
Social Sciences, Demography. Population. Vital events
En este trabajo se examinan las experiencias laborales adoptadas por un grupo de familias de los sectores medios en la Ciudad de México, para compensar la pérdida temporal o definitiva de sus empleos. Se busca observar el impacto de la crisis económica de 1994 en este
sector, ya que extrañamente, los sectores más pobres no resultaron ser los más afectados. Este comportamiento o efecto particular de dicha crisis vino a corroborar que los hogares en donde el ingreso se conforma exclusivamente
por las remuneraciones salariales resultan más afectados que aquellos otros hogares con fuentes de ingresos diversificadas (fundamentalmente ocupaciones por cuenta propia).