Hasil untuk "Bridge engineering"

Akinori Tani, Shinsuke Haruna, Yuki Ogawa et al.

Long-span steel bridges are coated with heavy-duty anticorrosion coatings consisting of several layers of paint to prevent corrosion of steel materials, as shown in Figure 1 [...]

Dadan Dasari, Agus Hendriyanto, Sani sahara et al.

Abstract Crafting epistemic knowledge in statistics education via didactical engineering integrating the Theory of Didactical Situations and the SECI model, this study theorizes and examines how the orchestration of TDS situations with SECI conversions structures students’ progression from tacit insights to justified explicit understanding. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore whether the application of didactical engineering (DE) can produce epistemic knowledge in the context of statistics education, (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating the Theory of Didactical Situations (TDS) and Nonaka’s SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Internalization) model in fostering students’ understanding of statistical concepts, and (3) to analyze the variations in students’ knowledge levels using cluster analysis. The research applies a didactical engineering approach, involving the design, implementation, observation, and a posteriori analysis of learning tasks related to statistics. Cluster analysis was employed to assess variations in student knowledge levels, allowing for targeted instructional design adjustments. The findings reveal that the integration of TDS and the SECI Model within didactical engineering significantly enhances students’ understanding of statistical concepts. Students’ knowledge evolved from pre-structural to extended abstract levels, with cluster analysis identifying key variations among learners. This study underscores the effectiveness of combining TDS and SECI in fostering epistemic knowledge in statistics education. The research highlights the importance of strategies that bridge tacit and explicit knowledge, offering valuable insights for curriculum development and teaching practice improvement in mathematics education.

Manuela Nechita, Radu Bosoanca

Inadequate use of mobile phones from an early age, coupled with reduced hours dedicated to developing practical skills, has led to a decline in spatial skills at secondary level, resulting in a decline in the spatial skills of engineering graduates. There are students enrolling in engineering have had limited experience in graphics. The decrease in time allocated to the basic engineering courses has necessitated the condensing of material taught in these courses. Descriptive geometry is one such course and this paper aims to present a method to bridge this gap, by providing skills that enable increased working memory to maintain the mental construction after the visual stimulus has disappeared. A question appears: “Can exercises in visualizing the intersection of a polyhedron and a plan influence the development of spatial skills?” Visibility rules are the main knowledge used to solve them. The results’ comparison of two samples of spatial visualization and perception is analysed. Data analysis and average formula allow us to observe better results for male than female for the use of spatial visualization abilities and spatial perception one.

Long Ren, Cong Zhao, Jian Sun et al.

This study addresses the unclear mechanisms by which preferential flow channels (PFCs), formed during long-term waterflooding, affect nano-gel microsphere (NGM) flooding efficiency, utilizing CMG reservoir numerical simulation software. A dynamic evolution model of PFCs was established by coupling CROCKTAB (stress–porosity hysteresis) and CROCKTABW (water saturation-driven permeability evolution), and the deep flooding mechanism of NGMs (based on their gel properties such as swelling, elastic deformation, and adsorption, and characterized by a “plugging-migration-replugging” process) was integrated. The results demonstrate that neglecting PFCs overestimates recovery by 8.7%, while NGMs reduce permeability by 33% (from 12 to 8 mD) in high-conductivity zones via “bridge-plug-filter cake” structures, diverting flow to low-permeability layers (+33% permeability, from 4.5 to 6 mD). Field application in a Chang 6 tight reservoir (permeability variation coefficient 0.82) confirms a >10-year effective period with 0.84% incremental recovery (from 7.31% to 8.15%) and favorable economics (ROI ≈ 10:1), providing a theoretical and engineering framework for gel-based conformance control in analogous reservoirs.

Donata Carlucci, Donatello Cardone, Serena Parisi et al.

The durability and management of reinforced concrete structures and infrastructures are a central issue in contemporary civil engineering. Efficient structural maintenance has become strategically critical to sustainable land and community management due to aging infrastructure, increasing operational stress, and limited financial resources. This study focuses specifically on reinforced concrete bridge piers, whose fundamental structural role influences road infrastructure management strategies. The objective of this study is to develop and use a system based on convolutional neural networks to visually, rapidly, and automatically identify degraded portions of the reinforcement, based on images acquired on-site or from visual inspections, and classify their level of degradation. The topic addressed is highly innovative. The need to define and calibrate reliable degradation classification criteria, and the difficulty of obtaining images and classifying them correctly for database construction, have influenced the development of the study and make the results interesting and promising, but absolutely preliminary.

Huating Chen, Peng Li, Yifan Zhuo

This study proposes a hybrid computational framework that integrates the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the fatigue crack propagation and reliability of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks. First, XFEM was employed to simulate crack initiation and propagation under cyclic loading based on the statistical distributions of the Paris law parameters <i>C</i> and <i>m</i>. The fatigue life data generated from these simulations were used to train a multilayer feedforward ANN optimized with the Adam algorithm and the ReLU activation function. The trained network achieved a high prediction accuracy (<i>R</i>² = 0.99, MAPE = 0.977%) and demonstrated strong generalization capability for predicting the XFEM-derived fatigue life. Subsequently, 10,000 Monte Carlo samples of <i>C</i> and <i>m</i> were analyzed using the trained ANN to perform probabilistic fatigue life assessment. The results revealed a nonlinear degradation pattern in reliability: the structural reliability remained high at low fatigue cycles but decreased sharply once a critical threshold of approximately 1.45 × 10⁹ cycles was reached. When actual bridge traffic was considered, the deck maintained a reliability of 0.99 after 23 years and 0.95 after 67 years of service. Compared with the XFEM, the ANN-based prediction improved computational efficiency by more than 10⁴ times while maintaining satisfactory accuracy. The proposed hybrid framework effectively combines deterministic simulation, probabilistic analysis, and data-driven modeling, providing a rapid and reliable approach for predicting fatigue life and evaluating the reliability of concrete bridge structures.

Zhou Zhenquan, Kou Yuping, Fan Xiang et al.

It is widely agreed that the Industry 4.0 period has been a key promoter of facilitating the digital transformation of global industries, leading to more efficient ways of working. The construction industry is recognised as a significant contributor to the impact of energy use and carbon emissions, which are relevant to global warming and related correlational risks. Based on this situation, many scholars support the sustainable transformation of the building sector by promoting modular construction projects, which represent an innovative approach to building. However, attitudinal resistance from some stakeholders still needs to be improved in order to increase the use of modular constructions, which is not a positive signal for the current sustainable development strategy. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the key benefits of using prefabricated constructions, drawing on a thorough literature review and comparative analysis. It finds that developing and developed countries have gradually accepted this off-site construction method, and the stakeholder support significantly facilitates its effective promotion. Meanwhile, enhancements in construction management effectiveness, improvements in building safety, and contributions to project sustainability modification are several major motivations for employing this innovative approach in building project development. The analytical findings can facilitate the widespread adoption of prefabricated constructions, thereby enhancing environmental performance and contributing to the sustainable development of the building sector in various regions. Further research should consider reducing subjectivity in collated viewpoints by employing the multi-criterion analysis method.

Jing-yi Cong, Hai-yan Long, Yong Zhang et al.

The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development, and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea. The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay, which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious. In this study, 55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering, and to assess the ecological risks of the bay. A total of 80 species, belonging to 42 genera, were identified in this study. The results showed that Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg, Zn, and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system. The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River, which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera. The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI (Foraminiferal Abnormality Index) and FMI (Foraminiferal Monitoring Index) occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay (Loushan River Estuary) had been seriously damaged. Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk. As a consequence, it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention.© 2022 China Geology Editorial Office.

PAN Yu-qing 1, 2, ZHEN Liang 3, JIANG Hai-li 3, LI Xiao-jun 1, 2

During the construction of pipe jacking tunnels, the simultaneous injection is a key in controlling the surface deformation and jacking force. At present, the traditional researches on the simultaneous injection are mainly limited to those on the slurry materials and the friction coefficient, while the researches on the flow of the slurry itself and its filling mechanism are rarely involved. By establishing the pipe-slurry-soil system and the model test platform, the results of a laboratory reduced-scale model test on the simultaneous injection of slurry of super-large rectangular pipe jacking are introduced. It is shown that different slurries have different effects on the quality of the protective slurry screen, which contains the traditional thixotropic slurry (consisting of bentonite, CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) and soda ash) and HS-3 compound slurry and polyacrylamide compound slurry. The settlements of different parts of soils and the pipe jacking forces are measured to observe the influences of the protective slurry screen on the ground settlements and the pipe jacking forces. The effects of the simultaneous injection on the ground displacements and the jacking forces of a large-section rectangular pipe-jacking tunnel with shallow overburden are explored. The test results show that the jacking forces can be reduced by about 40% under the simultaneous injection.

P. J. Vardanega, G. Gavriel, M. Pregnolato

Bridge scour is a complex bridge management problem. It is also a difficult forensic engineering challenge as the greatest risk occurs during large flows and flood events, when visual inspection of...

W. Wickramasinghe, D. Thambiratnam, T. Chan

Abstract Advances in structural engineering and material technology have resulted in increasing use of suspension bridges in infrastructure systems to satisfy the modern transportation requirements. However, during the long life of a suspension bridge, its main cables and hangers could suffer severe corrosion and fatigue leading to failure of at least a part of the bridge. There is a need for a simple and reliable procedure to detect and locate such damage at its onset so that appropriate retrofitting can be carried out to prevent the failure of these important structural elements. Current Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems are integrated with a variety of damage detection methods, which are global and local in nature. Limitations in local methods necessitate the non-destructive and global techniques for damage diagnosis leading to continuous development in vibration based damage detection (VBDD) methods. In this context, this paper develops and applies mode shape component specific damage indices namely; vertical damage index (DIV) and lateral damage index (DIL) based on the Modal Flexibility (MF) concept to detect and locate damage in the main cables and hangers of a suspension bridge. The application of these damage indices is illustrated under single, multiple and complex damage scenarios. Effects of noise in the modal data and higher order vibration modes on the damage detection capability are also captured. Results confirm the applicability of the proposed vertical damage index DIV to accurately detect damage in real suspension bridges using only the first few modes. Bridge engineers can use the proposed technique to monitor the health of suspension bridges and prevent their unexpected failure.

H. K. Jalal, W. Hassan

Scour at bridge piers is a common problem in infrastructure engineering, as local scour around bridge piers is one of the most common causes of bridge failure. Prediction of the maximum depth of local scour thus plays an important role in ensuring safety and economy during design and maintenance. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulation methodology for computing the depth of local scour around bridge piers using Flow-3D model is thus proposed in this study. The objective is to investigate the effects of the bridge pier shape on local scour in order to develop an optimal hydraulic design for minimum depth of scour. Local scouring around different shapes of pier (circular, rectangular, square, octagonal, elliptic, and lenticular) in non-cohesive bed sediment under clear water scour conditions was thus simulated for each pier shape at different of flow intensities, fluid depths, and pier sizes. By comparing the numerical results for predicted scour depth around a circular pier with the laboratory experimental results produced by Melville in 1975, the model was found to have about a 10% error rate for prediction of scour depth, demonstrating good agreement with experimental models. The model results revealed that the rectangular pier shape recorded the maximum depth of scour, while the minimum depth of scour was measured for the lenticular shape, this being about 40% lower than for other shapes. All factors investigated were found to have direct effect on scour but the most significant factor was pier width; scour reached its maximum depth value at pier width ratios of 0.2 in rectangular pier shapes; the results also showed that scour depth was comparatively higher upstream and lower downstream. Overall, the proposed numerical simulation Flow-3D method is a reliable tool for predicting and generating discussion of spatial influences on the bridge scour process.

J. Erdélyi, A. Kopáčik, P. Kyrinovic

Weather conditions and different operational loads often cause changes in essential parts of engineering structures, and this affects the static and dynamic behavior and reliability of these structures. Therefore, geodetic monitoring is an integral part of the diagnosis of engineering structures and provides essential information about the current state (condition) of the structure. The development of measuring instruments enables deformation analyses of engineering structures using non-conventional surveying methods. Nowadays, one of the most effective techniques for spatial data collection is terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). TLS is frequently used for data acquisition in cases where three-dimensional (3D) data with high resolution is needed. Using suitable data processing, TLS can be used for static deformation analysis of the structure being monitored. For dynamic deformation measurements (structural health monitoring) of bridge structures, ground-based radar interferometry and accelerometers are often used for vibration mode determination using spectral analysis of frequencies. This paper describes experimental deformation monitoring of structures performed using TLS and ground-based radar interferometry. The procedure of measurement, the analysis of the acquired spatial data, and the results of deformation monitoring are explained and described.

Sheng Li, Lizhi Sun

AbstractImproving the accuracy and efficiency of damage detection of bridge structures is a major challenge in engineering practice. This paper aims to address this issue by monitoring the continuo...

S. Banerjee, B. Vishwanath, D. Devendiran

AbstractAssessment of resilience for engineered systems has drawn ample attention from the engineering community in recent years. It has resulted in a significantly large body of literature focusin...

Huilin Le, Jihong Wei, Shaorui Sun et al.

Grouting is a common method used to fill rock joints to improve the stability and integrity of rock mass in geotechnical engineering, and the filling has been observed to have an effect on crack behavior and mechanical property. To investigate this topic, a numerical study of crack behavior and mechanical property of rock samples with two parallel open flaws or infilled flaws under uniaxial compression was conducted in this research. The smooth joint model was proved to be suitable to simulate the interface between rock material and grout material. The occurrence of shear cracks at the interface between rock material and grout material as well as the occurrence of tensile cracks in the grouting material has been successfully simulated in this research. Numerical results indicate that grouting can reduce the tensile force near the flaws, suppress the generation of tensile cracks, and improve the initiation stress of the sample. The tensile force in the specimens with infilled flaws is smaller than that with open flaws, which lead to the improvement of the peak strength of the sample. Moreover, crack development and mechanical properties of samples are affected by bridge inclination angle and flaw inclination angle.

H. Kim, Weishu Liu, Z. Ren

Rui Zhang, Qinglin Meng, Qingjun Shui et al.

Abstract ECC characterized by its tensile strain-hardening behavior, high compressive strain and damage tolerance capacity is an ideal material in the plastic hinges of RC bridge columns. The existing studies have investigated the seismic performance of RC bridge columns with total ECC plastic hinges and indicated that was enhanced significantly. However, because the cost of ECC is high and total ECC plastic hinge still needs quite amount, it is difficult to be used in the engineering applications. In this study, the precast PP-ECC jackets were proposed to fabricate the ECC/RC composite section in the region of plastic hinges in RC bridge columns. The design theory of PP-ECC jackets was proposed and a total of four scaled RC bridge columns were designed and fabricated. One specimen was RC column for reference, and another one was a RC column with total ECC plastic hinge. The rest of two columns used precast PP-ECC jackets with two different thicknesses. The unilateral cyclic loading tests were performed. It was found that the RC columns using PP-ECC jackets exhibited superior and comparable structural performance compared to normal RC column and RC column with total ECC plastic hinge, respectively.

Carlos A. León-Robles, J. F. R. Gordo, J. J. González-Quiñones

Certain historical works of civil engineering should be preserved as heritage monuments and when possible should continue serving the function they were designed for. Old stone bridges could be sustainably maintained but their conservation requires accurate documentation. In this study, we have scanned Ízbor bridge (1860) in Spain, and to facilitate conservation, we have modeled the ancient bridge using BIM (building information modeling). We propose a method and a model for this kind of bridge to be used as a reference for similar heritage monuments. Ízbor bridge modeled in this way will be useful for government planning and conservation agencies.

R. Ma, C. Cui, Ming-Jin Ma et al.

Abstract Although structural robustness under different fire scenarios has been widely studied in numerous engineering projects, performance-based method still needs to be further defined for better design of bridge structures under fire accidents. This paper presents a practical framework for the performance-based design of bridge structures under vehicle-induced fires. Fire scenarios, structural-thermal analysis method, fire-resistance levels, and a risk analysis-based maintenance cost evaluation process are all defined in detail. The applicability and rationality of this design process are illustrated through a typical case study. The results of the case study demonstrate that the initial properties of the bridge structure can satisfy the defined fire-resistance levels properly, while additional measures for decreasing the burning time are still needed to limit the fire maintenance cost in an acceptable level. The proposed performance-based design process can be widely used in engineering practice.