Background:
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) induces hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis in fowl, causing substantial economic losses to China's fowl industry. However, nationwide epidemiological data on FAdV remain fragmented.
Aim:
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of FAdV in Chinese fowl from 1988 to 2024.
Methods:
In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 58 cross-sectional studies from databases (PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, etc.) were included. Pooled prevalence and subgroup analyses were performed using a random-effects model with Stata 12.0.
Results:
The overall FAdV prevalence was 37% (95% CI: 32.00%–42.00%) with high heterogeneity (I²>97%). Central China had the highest prevalence (50%), and Southwest China had the lowest (28%). Winter (20%) and adult/rearing stages (both 33%) showed higher prevalence; geese had the lowest species rate (12%).
Conclusion:
FAdV is highly prevalent in Chinese fowl with notable, fowl species, detection method, sample type, seasonal, and developmental stage. Targeted surveillance, detection method, sample type, developmental stage, seasonal biosecurity, and standardized diagnostics are essential for FAdV control. [Open Vet. J. 2026; 16(1.000): 521-535]
The grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) is highly susceptible to infections caused by <i>Aeromonas</i> species, particularly <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>A. veronii</i>. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying co-infection by these pathogens remain largely uncharted. This study investigated the pathogenesis and host immune response in grass carp following concurrent infection with <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>A. veronii</i>. Mortality was observed as early as 24 h post-infection, with cumulative mortality reaching 68%. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significantly elevated bacterial loads in hepatic tissue at 3 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological evaluation revealed severe hepatic lesions characterized by cellular necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and hemorrhagic manifestations. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of hepatic tissues between co-infected and control specimens identified 868 and 411 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 1 and 5 dpi, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment of immune-related genes primarily associated with Toll-like receptor signaling and TNF signaling cascades. Notably, metabolic pathways showed substantial suppression while immune responses were significantly activated after infected. These findings provide novel insights into the host–pathogen interactions during <i>Aeromonas</i> co-infection in grass carp, which may facilitate the development of effective prevention and control strategies.
We investigated the effect of feed deprivation for 45 days on the growth, immunity, and health of 0<sup>+</sup>marron (<i>Cherax cainii</i>) initially fed for 110 days on various protein sources including fishmeal (FM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), black soldier fly meal (BSFM), soybean meal (SBM), lupin meal (LM), and tuna hydrolysate. The marron were weighed and sacrificed immediately after feeding stopped (day 0) and at days 15, 30, and 45 after the feed deprivation trial commenced. Total haemolymph count, differential haemocyte count, lysozyme activity, protease activity, total bacterial count in the digestive tract, and organosomatic indices were analysed. Initially feeding marron any protein sources did not influence the percentage of weight gain and specific growth rates of marron. All marron showed more than 83% survival; however, marron fed soybean meal showed significantly lower survival than others. Dietary sources of protein altered organosomatic indices of starved marron during various starvation periods and resulted in a significant decrease in total haemocyte counts, lysozyme activity, protease activity, and bacterial count in the digestive tract of marron. Starved marron initially fed PBM and BSFM showed higher tolerance to starvation, followed by marron initially fed FM and SBM, while marron initially fed TH and LM showed the highest susceptibility to starvation.
Louafi Boutaina, Slimani Chaimae, Bessi Aymane
et al.
Silybum marianum L. Gaertn is a spontaneous plant whose medicinal properties have been used for over two thousand years. This study aims to clarify the understanding and utilisation of S. marianum by the rural and urban populations of Ouezzane region in Morocco, in order to assess the level of recognition and exploitation of this plant. An ethnobotanical survey in this region involved a sample of 140 individuals. Survey results are analyzed using SPSS. The survey results have revealed a significantly limited level of appreciation for S. marianum. Through the use of chi-square statistical tests, we identified significant relationships between our variables and the knowledge about S. marianum and its use. Based on the findings of our study, Silybum marianum L. remains one of Morocco's most neglected and underutilized plants. This may be due to a lack of knowledge or adequate information about its applications, a lack of general interest or even socio-economic factors that limit its exploitation.
The mining sector presents various risks that can contribute to the spread of Covid-19, such as confined work areas and high worker mobility. The Indonesian government has made several efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19, including the implementation of health protocols as mitigation measures in workplaces. Employee compliance is a crucial factor in the successful implementation of health protocols in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinant factors of employee compliance in implementing Covid-19 health protocols at Company X. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022 with a self-administered questionnaire. The sample of the study was drawn from mining workers in Company X as research subjects. The finding reveals that out of 185 respondents, 91.4% exhibited high compliance in implementing health protocols in the workplace. There is a relationship between knowledge, attitude, company support, vaccination history, and the level of employee compliance in implementing health protocols in the working environment of Company X. This study revealed that company support was the most dominant factor influencing worker compliance. Therefore, good company support is necessary for ensuring employees’ safety and health compliance behavior.
BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multifactor disorder in women of reproductive age worldwide. Although RNA editing may contribute to a variety of diseases, its role in PCOS remains unclear.MethodsA discovery RNA-Seq dataset was obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database of granulosa cells from women with PCOS and women without PCOS (controls). A validation RNA-Seq dataset downloaded from the European Nucleotide Archive Databank was used to validate differential editing. Transcriptome-wide investigation was conducted to analyze adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing in PCOS and control samples.ResultsA total of 17,395 high-confidence A-to-I RNA editing sites were identified in 3,644 genes in all GC samples. As for differential RNA editing, there were 545 differential RNA editing (DRE) sites in 259 genes with Nucleoporin 43 (NUP43), Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 4 (RBBP4), and leckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA) showing the most significant three 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) editing. Furthermore, we identified 20 DRE sites that demonstrated a significant correlation between editing levels and gene expression levels. Notably, MIR193b-365a Host Gene (MIR193BHG) and Hook Microtubule Tethering Protein 3 (HOOK3) exhibited significant differential expression between PCOS and controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these 259 differentially edited genes were mainly related to apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. RNA binding protein (RBP) analysis revealed that RNA Binding Motif Protein 45 (RBM45) was predicted as the most frequent RBP binding with RNA editing sites. Additionally, we observed a correlation between editing levels of differential editing sites and the expression level of the RNA editing enzyme Adenosine Deaminase RNA Specific B1 (ADARB1). Moreover, the existence of 55 common differentially edited genes and nine differential editing sites were confirmed in the validation dataset.ConclusionOur current study highlighted the potential role of RNA editing in the pathophysiology of PCOS as an epigenetic process. These findings could provide valuable insights into the development of more targeted and effective treatment options for PCOS.
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
The results of the study of the black currant varieties collection of FSBSI FRC of Horticulture, located in the Bryansk region, by large-fruiting are presented. Genetic sources have been identified for inclusion in the breeding process to increase the average weight of berries (Lentyai, Titania, Gamayun, Dobry Gin, Podarok Veteranam, Podarok Astakhova, Kudmig, Debryansk, Bryanskiy Agat, Dar Smolyaninovoy, Kudesnik, and others). The most productive families for the output of large-fruited seedlings are given, such as Debryansk × Dar Smolyaninovoy, Orloviya × Nara, Rita × Titania, Strelets × Partizanka Bryanskaya, 10-141-2 (Strelets × Golubichka) × Partizanka Bryanskaya. The result of well-chosen combinations of crosses was the creation of new highly productive varieties of black currant Mif, Favorit, and several selected forms.
Elin M. Weber, Josefina Zidar, Birgit Ewaldsson
et al.
Aggression among group-housed male mice is a major animal welfare concern often observed at animal facilities. Studies designed to understand the causes of male mice aggression have used different methodological approaches and have been heterogeneous, using different strains, environmental enrichments, housing conditions, group formations and durations. By conducting a systematic literature review based on 198 observed conclusions from 90 articles, we showed that the methodological approach used to study aggression was relevant for the outcome and suggested that home cage observations were better when studying home cage aggression than tests provoking aggression outside the home cage. The study further revealed that aggression is a complex problem; one solution will not be appropriate for all animal facilities and all research projects. Recommendations were provided on promising tools to minimize aggression, based on the results, which included what type of environmental enrichments could be appropriate and which strains of male mice were less likely to be aggressive.
In Scotland, large deer populations are associated with negative ecological and socioeconomic impacts, such as damage to peatlands and forests, agricultural and commercial forestry losses, Lyme disease transmission, and road accidents. Increasing the annual deer cull might help address these negative impacts, but could be ethically controversial. A stratified sample of adults living in Scotland (n = 1,002) responded to our online questionnaire measuring perceptions of deer management, including the acceptability of increasing the deer cull if doing so would help achieve a variety of ecological and social objectives. Overall, respondents indicated that it would be acceptable to increase the deer cull if doing so would serve public interests by reducing negative impacts of deer, with deer welfare, environmental conservation, and public health and safety being the most relevant ethical considerations. Although rural and urban respondents reported significantly different experiences and perceptions of deer, their values (i.e., attitudes, beliefs, and policy preferences) regarding deer management were very similar. Understanding values of the general public, beyond vocal interest groups, can help inform decisions on contentious wildlife management issues.
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui karakteristik kuantitatif sapi Bali menggunakan analisis komponen utama di Kabupaten Merangin dan Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi. Data yang dihimpun adalah karakteristik kuantitatif meliputi; bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, panjang badan, tinggi pundak, lingkar dada, dalam dada, lebar dada, tinggi pinggul, lingkar kanon dan lebar pinggul sapi Bali di kedua lokasi. Materi penelitian ini adalah sapi Bali Umur I1 (1-2) tahun. Metode penelitian survei, teknik pengambilan sampel secara purpossive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang dihimpun sebanyak 120 ekor masing masing kabupaten 60 ekor yang terdiri dari 30 ekor jantan dan 30 ekor betina. Uji t digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik kuantitatif. Analsisi Komponen Utama digunakan untuk menentukan faktor penentu ukuran dan bentuk sapi Bali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh sapi Bali jantan dan betina antara kedua kabupaten berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05), namun bobot badan, pertambahan bobot dan dan ukuran ukuran tubuh sapi Bali Jantan dan betina di kedua kabupaten berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Faktor penentu ukuran tubuh sapi Bali di Kabupaten Merangin dan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi adalah Lingkar Dada, sedangkan penentu bentuk tubuh adalah panjang badan.
ABSTRACT This study provides information on the reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti, endemic to southern and southeastern Brazil. Individuals were caught by bottom trawl carried out in 2003 and 2007, at 492-501 m depth off the São Paulo State continental slope. A total of 152 females (115-299 mm) and 144 males (91-243 mm) were sampled. Maturity was first observed at 177 and 162 mm, with total length at 50% maturity of 191 and 176 mm in females and males respectively. Uterine fecundity ranged from 1-3 and was not related to female total length. Size at birth estimated from the largest near-term observed embryos and smallest free-swimming ray was 91-100 mm. The low fecundity observed is typical of deepwater elasmobranch species, as well as late maturity in comparison with costal species. The relatively large size-at-birth suggests that this species invests more in length of each embryo than in litter size, increasing the offspring’s survival chance. In this context, these parameters highlight the vulnerability of this and other deepwater species to non-natural death, mostly caused by deep-sea fisheries.
Psoriasis is histologically characterized by keratinocytes (KC) hyperproliferation, inflammation, and increased angiogenesis, but the pathological factor responsible for these symptoms is unknown. Here, a neuroendocrine peptide (prokineticin 2, PK2), is highly expressed in human and mouse psoriatic skins but no significant change in other autoimmune diseases, suggesting that PK2 is a psoriasis-specific factor. Bacterial products significantly up-regulated PK2, implying that infection induces PK2 over-expression. PK2 promoted KC and macrophage to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), the central player of inflammation and psoriasis, which acts on adjacent fibroblast to induce inflammatory cascades and KC hyperproliferation. IL-1 feeds back on macrophages to induce PK2 production to perpetuate PK2-IL-1 positive feedback loop. PK2 also promoted angiogenesis, another psoriatic symptom. In mouse models, PK2 over-expression aggravated psoriasis while its knock-down inhibited pathological development. The results indicate that PK2 over-production perpetuates psoriatic symptoms by creating PK-2-IL-1 vicious loop. PK2 is a central player in psoriasis and a promising psoriasis-specific target.
It has been demonstrated that reprogramming factors are sequestered in the pronuclei of zygotes after fertilization, because zygotes enucleated at the M phase instead of interphase of the first mitosis can support the development of cloned embryos. However, the contribution of the parental pronucleus derived from either the sperm or the oocyte in reprogramming remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the parental pronuclei have asymmetric reprogramming capacities and that the reprogramming factors reside predominantly in the male pronucleus. As a result, only female pronucleus-depleted (FPD) mouse zygotes can reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state and support the full-term development of cloned embryos; male pronucleus-depleted (MPD) zygotes fail to support somatic cell reprogramming. We further demonstrate that fusion of an additional male pronucleus into a zygote greatly enhances reprogramming efficiency. Our data provide a clue to further identify critical reprogramming factors in the male pronucleus.
A phylogeny based on male morphological characters and taxonomic revision of the Physodactylinae genera are presented. The phylogenetic analysis based on 66 male characters resulted in the polyphyly of Physodactylinae which comprises four independent lineages. Oligostethius and Idiotropia from Africa were found to be sister groups. Teslasena from Brazil was corroborated as belonging to Cardiophorinae clade. The South American genera Physodactylus and Dactylophysus were found to be sister groups and phylogenetically related to Heterocrepidius species. The Oriental Toxognathus resulted as sister group of that clade plus (Dicrepidius ramicornis (Lissomus sp, Physorhynus erythrocephalus)). Taxonomic revisions include diagnoses and redescriptions of genera and distributional records and illustrations of species. Key to species of Teslasena, Toxognathus, Dactylophysus and Physodactylus are also provided. Teslasena lucasi is synonymized with T. femoralis. A new species of Dactylophysus is described, D. hirtus sp. nov., and lectotypes are designated to non-conspecific D. mendax sensu Fleutiaux and Heterocrepidius mendax Candèze. Physodactylus niger is removed from synonymy under P. oberthuri; P. carreti is synonymized with P. niger; P. obesus and P. testaceus are synonymized with P. sulcatus. Nine new species are described in Physodactylus: P. asper sp. nov., P. brunneus sp. nov., P. chassaini sp. nov., P. flavifrons sp. nov., P. girardi sp. nov., P. gounellei sp. nov., P. latithorax sp. nov., P. patens sp. nov. and P. tuberculatus sp. nov.