1. Historical Background The Women's Movement and the Idea of Gender Women and Language Gender and Translation 2. Gender and the Practice of Translation Experimental Feminist Writing and its Translation Translating the Body Translating Puns of Cultural References Translating Experiments with Language Interventionist Feminist Translation Translating Machismo Assertive Feminist Translation Recovering Women's Works 'Lost' in Patriarchy Further Corrective Measures 3. Revising Theories and Myths Proliferating Prefaces: The Translator's Sense of Self Asserting the Translator's Identity Claiming Responsibility for 'Meaning' Revising the Rhetoric of Translation Tropes Achieving Political Visibility Revising a Fundamental Myth Pandora's Cornucopia 4. Reading and Rewriting Translations Reading Existing Translations Simone de Beauvoir Rewriting Existing Translations The Bible Comparing 'Pre-feminist' and 'Post-feminist Translations Sappho and Louise Labe Recovering 'Lost' Women Translators Subversive Activity in the English Renaissance Nineteenth-Century Women Translators La Malinche 5. Criticisms Criticism from Outside Feminisms Criticism from Within Feminisms Elitist Experimentation Opportunist Feminist Bandwagon 'Being Democratic with Minorities' Revealing Women's Cultural and Political Diversity 6. Future Perspectives Broad Historical Perspectives Contemporary Perspectives Public Language Policies Interpreting 7. Concluding Remarks
This article responds to the latest theoretical and empirical developments in Deliberate Metaphor Theory (DMT) and explores the extension of deliberate metaphor and its use in translation and interpreting. Grounded on a comprehension-based and a production-based perspective of Deliberate Metaphor Theory, I argue that both deliberate metaphor and deliberate metaphor use are valid theoretical constructs for translation and interpreting research. I then discuss some pending issues in researching deliberate metaphor (use) in translation and interpreting.
Abstract The significance of speakers' objectives in political writing renders the techniques utilized by authors especially important. The translation method is essential because of the strong relationship between persuasive tools and factors such as the author's or narrator's reputation, their role in shaping ideas, and the vision created in the audience's mind to attain certain objectives. Ethos is a rhetorical strategy that facilitates text comprehension and ensures precise translation. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on three primary axes: the text creator, the audience, and the complex influence of ethos on text production and reproduction. It is vital to employ a suitable technique in replicating the text to guarantee that the primary point is communicated clearly and articulately. This is due to the significant emphasis on the author's position and standing, the representation of their cultural identity, the translator's methodologies, and the satisfaction of the readers' anticipations of the communicated message. This analysis focuses on a work by Alaa Al-Aswany, a modern Egyptian writer, titled Our Advice to the Butcher. Findings show that paying close attention to the author's subtleties and nuances in word choice, such as the choice of conjunctions, as well as finding equivalents for vocabulary and grammatical structures, appealing to the reader's emotions, and using clear and effective language during the translation process are all very important for a successful outcome.IntroductionIn rhetoric, the speaker or writer aims to create an image that captivates the audience and persuades them, fostering a reciprocal communication exchange between the writer and the listener. We discover a collection of strategies and techniques when we analyze the works of orators and novelists that emphasize raising awareness and addressing public opinion while meticulously using the expressive potential of language. These methods and techniques are utilized to facilitate effective communication with the audience and to persuade them to embrace the intended concepts.Ethos, as a language strategy, has a historical foundation, and analyzing this idea might facilitate a clear comprehension of certain texts. It is very proficient in generating a valuable and suitable translation of the material while effectively expressing the nuances pertinent to the audience. Without knowledge or attention to this topic, the primary message of the text may not be adequately conveyed to the audience. By emphasizing pivotal words and terms that activate the audience's psychological elements, the translator can facilitate their gradual acceptance of the knowledge and the adoption of the intended actions. This method enhances the audience's viewpoint, the reinterpretation of the text, and their resolve to embrace or dismiss the concepts presented.Statement of the ProblemThe point of this study is to look into ethos as a persuasive tool and how it works in translation, as well as how it shows up in the steps of figuring out equivalence and choosing preferred language and expressions. The narrative "Our Advice to the Butcher" (originally "Nasihatuna ila al-Jazzar"), extracted from the anthology "Do We Deserve Democracy?" (originally "Hal Nastaḥiq al-Dimuqratiyah?"), functions as the case study for this analysis. Employing the ethos method, we examine the linguistic features and translation techniques of the Arabic text into Persian. Literature ReviewResearch in linguistics is a longstanding and comprehensive discipline. The same applies to text translation and its diverse methodologies, which have garnered the interest of numerous contemporary professors, students, and researchers. The domain of rhetorical techniques has been the subject of numerous books and studies. The primary source in this domain is Aristotle's (1979) Rhetoric. In this book, Aristotle characterizes ethos as a picture that emerges subsequent to discourse within the context of rhetoric. The rhetorical triangle, a notion established by the Greek philosopher Aristotle, encompasses three essential components of persuasive arguments: logos, ethos, and pathos. Numerous essays and theses have been written analyzing the works of the renowned contemporary Egyptian novelist Alaa Al-Aswany; however, none have examined the translation of his works through the lens of the ethos method. Consequently, the present study represents the inaugural endeavor in this domain. No article has yet been published regarding the application of the ethos technique in translation, and, to the researchers' knowledge, it remains unexamined.MethodologyThis study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology grounded on structuralism and incorporates the theories of substitution and collocation. It analyzes different forms of ethos as a potent discursive strategy in communicative processes that influence the subconscious to perform speech acts and achieve pragmatic goals. Furthermore, it examines the function of ethos in the text translation process and analyzes diverse methodologies.ConclusionThe ethos strategy highlights three primary dimensions: the text creator, the audience, and the diverse effects on text generation and replication. It is vital to employ a suitable technique in replicating the text to guarantee that the primary point is communicated clearly and articulately. This is due to ethos placing significant emphasis on the author's position and standing, the translation of their cultural identity, and the satisfaction of readers' expectations for the imparted message.The element of symbolism is notably evident in the collection Do We Deserve Democracy? by modern Egyptian novelist Alaa Al-Aswany. The author contends that democracy in Egypt operates solely as a façade and lacks any substance.The ethos method relies on convincing the reader. Therefore, to maintain the original author's stance and cultural identity, the translation must align the grammatical structures of the source text. The translated text must be believable and persuasive to the audience.The translated material must employ clear and compelling language, necessitating alterations in verb forms and tenses. Linguistic tools are essential for conveying the meaning, subtleties, and complexity embedded in the original text by the author. Every language has distinct powers and potentials, and the translator must comprehend the linguistic tools of Arabic to identify parallels in Persian. This guarantees, firstly, that the tools and grammatical structures of the source language do not encroach upon the target language, and secondly, that Persian readers experience a sense of familiarity and intimacy with the translated text, rendering it credible as though they are reading a text in their own language.Idiomatic expressions, phrases, and the names of locations and cultural situations must be translated to maintain the authenticity of the original author and to accurately represent their cultural identity in the target language text.
Il saggio indaga le relazione tra il modernismo russo, in particolare l'opera di V. Brjusov, e la filosofia di Nikolaj Fedorov e del suo divulgatore K. Ciolkovskij. L'analisi dei testi, in prosa e in versi, del poeta simbolista è preceduta da un breve excursus sulle origini della fantascienza russa. Brjusov è uno dei primi teorici russi della fantascienza, che definisce come genere nell'articolo inedito "I confini della fantastika". Nel periodo post-rivoluzionario il cosmismo russo si manifesta soprattutto nella idea della conquista dello spazio cosmico, alla base della fantascienza sovietica. Brjusov, uno dei pochi ad aderire alla rivoluzione d'Ottobre, segue nella sua opera questa evoluzione.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
Mar Díaz-Millón, Irene Rivera-Trigueros, Juncal Gutiérrez-Artacho
ABSTRACT The new contexts in higher education, shifting from face-to-face to online scenarios, encourage the application of disruptive methodologies adapted to distance learning. Translation and interpreting (T&I) programmes ideally foster the acquisition of competencies such as self-study, which graduates need to enter a largely freelance and assignment-based labour market. The aim of this study is to describe a micro-learning-based experience delivered at the undergraduate programme in T&I at the University of Granada (Spain), as well as to analyse student satisfaction with the experience. To meet this aim, a survey was conducted among 61 students to evaluate their satisfaction with the course, with distance learning and with the micro-learning methodology on a 1–5 Likert scale. The data were analysed by means of frequency, correlations and stepwise forward regression analysis. The results showed that students were notably satisfied with the methodology proposed but dissatisfied with environmental and interaction issues.
This paper focuses on how machine translation is perceived by students in the Department of Translation and Interpreting at Marmara University in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 140 (95 females and 45 males) third- and fourth-year students were recruited through a random sampling. They responded to a paper-and-pen questionnaire with 16 statements about their perception of machine translation. Descriptive statistics was performed to analyse the data. The findings show that most students are knowledgeable about machine translation. In addition, students perceive that using machine translation has benefits, such as saving time, making the translator's job easier, and improving translation competence. However, more than one-third of the student's knowledge level on this subject is partially sufficient. This study can contribute to creating course content for the more effective presentation of machine translation (MT) courses taught in translation and interpreting departments. Keywords: machine translation, translation, translator, translation technologies, translation training
Although translation and interpreting (T&I) involve multiple cognitive processes, the role of cognitive effort is often overlooked and needs to be conceptualized more fully to better understand the complexity of these tasks. This article seeks to “measure the invisible” by 1) exploring its definition and application in existing research, 2) conducting a multidimensional analysis based on cost and reward, and 3) highlighting its relevance to T&I research and education. Our framework includes internal cost, opportunity cost, need for cognition, and learned industriousness. This allows for a more precise measurement of effort and a better understanding of individual differences and task requirements in T&I research. For education, the framework offers insights into strategies for managing workload, distributing practice, and developing adaptive expertise. By clarifying the multidimensional nature of cognitive effort, we can improve T&I research and develop sustainable practices for practitioners. Keywords: cognitive effort, translation and interpreting (T&I), internal cost, opportunity cost, need for cognition, learned industriousness
There is a plethora of scholarly literature sizing the multitude of a series of far-reaching impacts brought on by the covid-19 global pandemic (Declercq and Federici 2020; Gössling, Scott, and Hall 2020; Shrestha et al. 2020; Sikali 2020;). Undoubtedly, as readers of this review article, we all have witnessed the spillover effect of the pandemic on the social, economic, political, psychological, familial, and interactive planes of our existence. The unspeakable difficulties and challenges experienced by our individual households and the implications of war and geopolitical tensions felt in our everyday life. It seems sensible for us to focus our gaze on the less bright side of the story yet not see the other side of our shared memories as the lockdown and disruptive years make it easier for us to be constantly reminded of our human-to-human connections in this increasingly globalized world we dwell in. With these being said, the interdisciplinary book under review serves to bridge the gap and compass us towards more balanced perceptions of the obvious challenges and the hidden gem opportunities to reshape our world through the empowering and uniting force of languages embedded in translation and interpreting activities on institutional and personal dimensions.
The papers compiled in the present volume reflect the key theme of the most recent Duo Colloquium sessions – contextuality. The psychological notion of context has been central to translation research for decades, and it has evolved along with the development of translational thought, translation types and tools. The theme of contextuality can be understood at any level, from the geopolitical to the textual, and embraced by both academic and professional considerations of translational and interpreting phenomena. It is centred on context, contexts and/or decontextualisation in translation and interpreting theory and practice from a variety of disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspectives. Discussing the above-mentioned notions is the subject of the present volume.
This paper reports the results of a survey measuring Finnish professional translators’ (N=450) perceptions on translation technology. The paper also introduces a tool that can be used to study the perception of such changes, the NEMP model (New Educational Models or Paradigms).
Main results indicate that translation technology is perceived by professional translators as an efficient tool that has changed translating in practice, but does not encourage to creativity. Business translators seem to have a more positive perception on translation technology than other respondents (literary or audiovisual translators). As for the method, the results indicate that the NEMP model is a useful method for studying the perception of translation technology.
Proseguiamo la riscoperta di Simone de Beauvoir iniziata nel numero precedente: questa volta ripresentiamo due sue interviste dimenticate uscite nel 1959 e nel 1961 sul “Giorno” e su “Paese Sera”.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar