Hasil untuk "Social sciences and state - Asia (Asian studies only)"

Saiful Anwar, M. A. Sardjono, Rujehan Rujehan et al.

Abstract. Anwar S, Sardjono MA, Rujehan, Suhardiman A, Kiswanto, Setiawati, Herlambang H. 2025. Social capital and institutional gaps in forest governance of Indonesia’s new capital city. Asian J For 9: 381-389. Social capital is a cornerstone of sustainable forest management, but its benefits depend on the institutional arrangements that shape how local communities participate in decision-making. The relocation of Indonesia's new capital city (IKN) to East Kalimantan is rapidly transforming forest landscapes and governance structures, creating both opportunities and risks for forest-dependent communities. This qualitative case study examines how social capital interacts with institutional gaps in forest governance across six villages located within and around the IKN development area. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 35 purposively selected informants, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Stakeholder power was analysed using an interest–influence matrix, while institutional coherence was evaluated across operational, collective-choice, and constitutional rule levels, drawing on Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The findings show a pronounced "social–institutional capital gap": local communities possess strong bonding and bridging social capital and high interest in forest protection, yet they have limited influence over formal land-use decisions dominated by state agencies and private investors. National and IKN-level regulations only partially recognise local rules and customary institutions, leading to overlapping authority and implementation gaps. These governance arrangements create conditions that may increase the risk of unsustainable forest conversion and biodiversity loss, even though our study does not directly measure ecological outcomes. We conclude that aligning formal rules with existing social capital through inclusive, multi-level co-governance is essential to maintain local legitimacy and reduce long-term forest-governance risks in the IKN region.

Dr. Muhammad Zeeshan, Muhammad Ahmed Nawaz, Hajira Bibi

The current study examines the role of higher education in university students' social and emotional development, which is crucial for their academic success, interpersonal relationships, and overall well-being. The objectives were to examine the role of higher education in social-emotional development and assess students' developmental levels across multiple dimensions. A quantitative research design was employed using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to 200 randomly selected students from universities in southern Punjab. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and comparative tests. The correlation matrix revealed positive relationships among all dimensions, with the strongest correlation between social awareness and supportive environment ( ). Psychology students reported the highest social-emotional development ( ), followed by education ( ) and English students ( ). Female students demonstrated significantly higher emotional awareness ( ) and social relationship skills ( ) than males. Regression analysis identified teacher support ( ) and peer relationships ( ) as the strongest predictors. Most respondents agreed that university helps them understand and manage emotions effectively. However, significant barriers included large class sizes (75.5%), lack of structured SEL programs (73.5%), and competitive academic environments (70.5%). The study concluded that higher education significantly contributes to students' social-emotional development through teacher support, peer interactions, and inclusive environments. It recommended integrating emotional intelligence into curricula, conducting regular workshops on emotional awareness, strengthening counselling services, and addressing structural barriers through innovative pedagogical approaches. References Avilés, A. M., Anderson, T. R., & Dávila, E. R. (2006). Child and adolescent social–emotional development within the context of school. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 11(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2005.00365.x Barbarin, O. A. (2002). African American males in kindergarten. In O. A. Barbarin (Ed.), The black male in white America (pp. 25–35). Praeger. Bukhari, S. T. N., Muhammad, R. G., Latif, A., Shah, H., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). An integrated model of emotional intelligence, stress coping, and teacher well-being. Social Science Review Archives, 3(4), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1101 Bukhsh, S. P., Bukhari, S. T. N., Tahira, R., Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., & Faridi, M. Z. (2025). Building emotional strength in broken homes: Protective factors for domestic violence–affected adolescents. Research Journal of Psychology, 3(3), 454–472. https://doi.org/10.59075/rjs.v3i3.21 Carter, A. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., & Davis, N. O. (2004). Assessment of young children's social-emotional development and psychopathology: Recent advances and recommendations for practice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(1), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00316.x Conley, C. S. (2015). SEL in higher education. In J. A. Durlak et al. (Eds.), Handbook of social and emotional learning: Research and practice (pp. 197–212). Guilford Press. Cooper, J. L., Masi, R., & Vick, J. (2009). Social-emotional development in early childhood: What every policymaker should know. National Center for Children in Poverty. Courey, S. J., Tappe, P., Siker, J., & LePage, P. (2013). Improved lesson planning with universal design for learning (UDL). Teacher Education and Special Education, 36(1), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406412446178 Denham, S. A., & Brown, C. (2010). “Plays nice with others”: Social–emotional learning and academic success. Early Education and Development, 21(5), 652–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2010.497450 Denham, S. A., Wyatt, T. M., Bassett, H. H., Echeverria, D., & Knox, S. S. (2009). Assessing social–emotional development in children from a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63(Suppl. 1), i37–i52. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.070797 Farrington, C. A., & Shewfelt, S. (2020). How arts education supports social-emotional development: A theory of action. State Education Standard, 20(1), 31–35. Fatima, N., Dogar, S. F., Ahmad, M. S., Ali, U., Anwar, R., Ashfaq, M. S., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Exploring the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between psychological well-being and academic achievement among Pakistani university students. TPM – Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 32(Suppl. 7), 106–116. Fisher, D., Frey, N., & Almarode, J. (2020). Student learning communities: A springboard for academic and social-emotional development. ASCD. Foley-Nicpon, M. (2021). The social and emotional development of twice-exceptional children. In M. Neihart et al. (Eds.), The social and emotional development of gifted children (pp. 103–118). Routledge. Halle, T. G., & Darling-Churchill, K. E. (2016). Review of measures of social and emotional development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 45, 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.003 Huang, J., Sherraden, M., Kim, Y., & Clancy, M. (2014). Effects of child development accounts on early social-emotional development: An experimental test. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(3), 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4643 Keefer, K. V., Parker, J. D. A., & Saklofske, D. H. (2018). Emotional intelligence in education: Integrating research with practice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90633-1 Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (2nd ed.). FT Press. Lakho, G. A., Memon, S. G., Iqbal , N., & Janat, F. (2025). Emerging Innovations and Trends in Academic Libraries of Pakistan in the 21st Century. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 306–317. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i4.199 Lubit, R. H. (2019). Why educators should care about social and emotional learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2019(160), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20363 Malik, F., & Marwaha, R. (2018). Developmental stages of social-emotional development in children. StatPearls Publishing. Malti, T., & Noam, G. G. (2016). Social-emotional development: From theory to practice. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(6), 652–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1196179 Palmer, D. C. (2015). Visualization and analysis of crystal structures using CrystalMaker software. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials, 230(9–10), 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2014-1737 Philibert, C. T. (2021). Everyday SEL in high school: Integrating social emotional learning and mindfulness into your classroom. Routledge. Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2026). The impact of working mothers on children’s social behaviours, classroom interactions, and empathy in South Punjab, Pakistan. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v5i1.215 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Bukhari, S. T. N., Malik, N., Rehman, L., & Qamar, A. H. (2025). Gender differences in the use and challenges of breakthrough technology in higher education: Evidence from Punjab. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(3), 1056–1073. https://doi.org/10.59075/hpdvq714 Rakovan, J. (2018). Computer programs for drawing crystal shapes and atomic structures. Rocks & Minerals, 93(1), 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2018.1411139 Reicher, H. (2010). Building inclusive education on social and emotional learning: Challenges and perspectives—A review. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(3), 213–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110802504218 Roeser, R. W., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. J. (2000). School as a context of early adolescents’ academic and social-emotional development: A summary of research findings. The Elementary School Journal, 100(5), 443–471. https://doi.org/10.1086/499650 Schneider, T. R., Lyons, J. B., & Khazon, S. (2013). Emotional intelligence and resilience. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(8), 909–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.460 Schutte, N. S., & Loi, N. M. (2014). Connections between emotional intelligence and workplace flourishing. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.031 Seal, C. R., Naumann, S. E., Scott, A. N., & Royce-Davis, J. (2011). Social emotional development: A new model of student learning in higher education. Research in Higher Education Journal, 10, 1–13. Srinivasan, M. (2019). SEL every day: Integrating social and emotional learning with instruction in secondary classrooms. W. W. Norton & Company. Williford, A. P., Maier, M. F., Downer, J. T., Pianta, R. C., & Howes, C. (2013). Understanding how children's engagement and teachers' interactions combine to predict school readiness. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(6), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.05.002 Wong, C. S. (2015). Emotional intelligence at work: 18-year journey of a researcher. Routledge. Yong, G. H., Lin, M. H., Toh, T. H., & Marsh, N. V. (2023). Social-emotional development of children in Asia: A systematic review. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020123 Zaslow, M., Halle, T., Martin, L., Cabrera, N., Calkins, J., Pitzer, L., & Margie, N. G. (2006). Child outcome measures in the study of child care quality. Evaluation Review, 30(5), 577–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X06291569

Shreyas Bs

This paper examines the impact of geopolitical divisiveness on sports diplomacy with specific focus on the 2025 Asia Cup, where Indian cricket players refused to shake hands with their Pakistani counterparts. Referring to historical background and present-day examples, the study analyzes how deep-rooted political stringencies have swept away the gentleman's game as a diplomatic instrument. A detailed case analysis reveals that boycott type of incidents not only demoralize sportsmanship but also aggravate mutual aggressions, limiting opportunities for genuine talents from either side. India versus Pakistan is the most watched cricketing tournament across the globe, but the nationalism narrative induces the public to back the political decisions of the respective governments. The main aim of this study is to appeal the lawmakers in power to consider sports as a diplomatic tool of harmony and peace, not a stage to prove their political supremacy. One significant observation is that the rights of players are violated by not allowing them to take part in the games. Political power is indispensable for any state to thrive amid worldwide competitive pressures. When the same is ill motivated, the repercussions severely affect the state’s international relations. This study demands stronger reforms of depoliticization and SOPs for conducting the tournaments to encourage the sporting community participate without any fear. Although geopolitical issues have become the new norm, nations must devise sustainable solutions to reach a mutual consensus that serves the interests of all, and players voices matter the most to usher in a new phase of sports diplomacy.

Aris Martiana, Siti Irene Astuti Dwiningrum, Suranto Aw

Increasingly sophisticated and modern technology provides convenience to humans in various fields. Many benefits can be received, although there is still a side to the problem regarding technological developments. This also happens in the field of Education which has utilized technology today. Blended learning with a blended method is an innovation in Education that is associated with the critical thinking ability of school students at the primary, secondary and higher education levels. This research is quantitative with a meta-analysis design using 24 ar-ticle studies with predetermined criteria with secondary data sources sourced from Google Scholar, Research Gate and Science Direct with the years 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The article is determined using mean aggregates. The existence of coding, according to the purpose, of this article focused on N, M, and SD data. The data processing is assisted by Microsoft Excel and JASP software. This is done to estimate aggregates, project forest plots, test heterogeneity, and investigate publication bias. The analysis found that there is accuracy in using a random effect model aggregate with a high heterogeneity effect size and no prob-lems in publication, so following the research objective the blended learning model is effective in developing critical thinking skills in learning so that technology in education has a positive impact Keywords: Blended learning, critical thinking, meta-analysis, effective

Shirin Naseer

The COVID-19 pandemic served as a test for China's soft power, drawing diverse reactions from its friends and foes. This article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on China's image, delving specifically into sentiments within one of the most China-friendly nations in the world, Pakistan. This study conducts a qualitative content analysis of Pakistan's news media and X sphere and investigates sentiments towards China and Chinese vaccines from 2020 to 2021. Media narratives were found to be distinctly more negative towards Chinese vaccines than China in the aftermath of the pandemic. An assessment of dominant media narratives offers possible explanations for the divergence in sentiments, mainly attributing them to “China's support of Pakistan,” “China's domestic containment,” “China's international role,” and “conspiracy theories and misinformation.” This article provides insights into China's vaccine diplomacy, its soft power dynamics, and public sentiment sway within its most amicable partnership in the international arena.

heri effendi, Pebriyenni Pebriyenni, Yetty Morelent et al.

Penggunaan teknologi augmented reality (AR) dan virtual reality (VR) dalam dunia pendidikan telah membuka peluang baru untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran, termasuk dalam Program Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG). Sebagai bagian dari upaya mencetak guru profesional yang mampu mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Profil Pelajar Pancasila, eksplorasi pembelajaran berbasis AR dan VR menjadi relevan untuk memperkuat nilai gotong royong dan kebhinnekaan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis literatur terkait penerapan AR dan VR dalam PPG serta dampaknya terhadap penguatan nilai-nilai tersebut. Metode penelitian menggunakan Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menelaah 38 artikel yang diterbitkan antara 2014-2024 pada jurnal terindeks Scopus, Sinta, Springer, IEEE Xplore, dan Google Scholar lainnya yang relevan dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa AR dan VR dapat menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang imersif, memungkinkan peserta PPG untuk memahami keberagaman budaya secara mendalam dan berkolaborasi secara efektif melalui simulasi interaktif. Selain itu, teknologi ini membantu guru membangun kompetensi pedagogis yang mendukung pembelajaran lintas budaya dan berbasis proyek. Meskipun potensinya besar, adopsi teknologi ini masih terkendala oleh aksesibilitas, biaya, dan kebutuhan pelatihan intensif bagi guru. Kesimpulannya, AR dan VR memiliki kontribusi signifikan dalam mendukung implementasi nilai gotong royong dan kebhinnekaan global di PPG, namun diperlukan strategi implementasi yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

I. G. Sudirgayasa, S. Sulisetijono, S. Mahanal et al.

Abstract. Sudirgayasa IG, Sulisetijono, Mahanal S, Gofur A, Surata IK, Sudiana IM, Maduriana IM. 2025. A bibliometric analysis of research gaps on ritual plants within ethnobotanical studies in Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 158-170. Ethnobotany plays a crucial role as a bridge between traditional knowledge and modern science, exploring the deep and long-standing relationship between humans and plants. In Indonesia—a country rich in both biodiversity and cultural diversity—ethnobotany holds a vital place in safeguarding ancestral heritage, such as herbal remedies, traditional rituals, and indigenous agricultural practices. These traditions not only enrich the nation’s identity but also offer sustainable alternatives for the future. This analysis aims to map research trends and identify knowledge gaps related to ethnobotany in Indonesia. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for conservation programs that preserve local wisdom throughout the country. This study employed a bibliometric analysis. Scientific publication data were obtained from the Scopus database over the past decade. The keywords used included ethnobotany, ethnobotanic, ethnobotanical, Indonesia, Indonesian, ritual, and rituals. Data were analyzed using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. The analysis revealed several gaps that need to be addressed. First, the most popular topic in ethnobotanical research in Indonesia over the past decade has been medicinal plants. In contrast, research on ritual plants remains minimal—comprising less than 10% of all ethnobotanical studies—with an average of only two publications per year and a stagnant trend. Second, the digitalization of ethnobotanical data on internet-based platforms is still underdeveloped. The visibility and popularity of ritual plant studies should be enhanced through increased global collaboration, funding support, and sustainable conservation policies. Digitalization efforts should be improved by developing websites, mobile applications, social media platforms, and mapping plant distribution using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools or Google MyMaps. The education system should also be engaged by promoting the integration of ethnobotanical themes and values through both intra-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches.

Bishnu Magar

The crisis of Bhutanese refugees has been neglected in recent scholarly debates, yet it remains an acute case of systematic oppression and ethnic violence in the South Asian context, particularly towards the Lhotshampa community of Southern Bhutan. This research analyses both the political and social dynamics of how the ruling elites of Bhutan, in an act of identity jealousy, portrayed Lhotshampas as Ngolop’, or anti-national terrorists, rationalizing their exile in the latter half of the twentieth century. This paper challenges state-sponsored actions like the1985 Citizenship Act and the 1988 census classifying only Nepali speaking citizens of the south as F1 to F7, as well as ‘DriglamNamza’ (forced cultural assimilation) which curtailed the Lhotshampas’ citizenship, culture, and civil rights.Interviews with refugees living in exile in Nepal, along with archival materials, demonstrate how the Bhutanese state systematically employed legal and administrative means to contrive an absence of Lhotshampa identity, resulting in their mass dispossession. This research re-contextualizes the ‘Ngolop’ narrative, contending that the abusive methods adopted by the ruling clans, composed of arbitrary arrests, enforced population control, and cultural annihilation which represented authentic anti-national actions. This study exposes the Bhutanese government contradiction in claiming to exercise “Gross National Happiness” while practicing violent exclusionism, illustrating the ongoing impacts of identity-based violence and demanding an unrepresented perspective on the Lhotshampadilemma.The research fundamentally disputes the prevailing historiography, placing the refugee crisis as the outcome of a sustained campaign of systematic state displacement motivated by elite insecurity and ethnonationalist dominance, rather than an unnurtured ethnic conflict.

Jingchen Zhang

This paper employs the methods of trend extrapolation and primary source interpretation to conduct an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Trump administration’s policy changes on Japan’s political and military trends. The article first reviews the traditional U. S. national strategy and the Rimland Theory, highlighting how the United States maintains its global hegemony by containing regional powers on the Eurasian continent. It then examines the shift in the Trump administration’s international political decisions against the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine war, analyzing its strategic intentions of easing relations with Russia and containing China. Building on this, the paper provides a detailed analysis of Japan’s geopolitical background, arguing that Japan’s strategic choices are deeply influenced by Spykman’s Rimland Theory. Japan is gradually enhancing its influence in East Asia through measures such as“de facto political normalization, ”military transformation, and the construction of multilateral alliances. The study finds that Japan, as a typical rimland state, is seeking a balance between China and the United States by combining economic cooperation with military deterrence. Japan is also accelerating military modernization, strengthening its alliance with the United States, and actively expanding its strategic space in the Indo-Pacific region. However, Japan’s strategy of“dependent autonomy”faces numerous challenges, including over-reliance on U. S. security commitments and uncertainties in domestic politics. The paper concludes that Japan’s strategic choices not only reflect its practice of the Rimland Theory but also demonstrate its long-term vision of reshaping the East Asian order in the era of great power competition. Whether Japan can successfully achieve this goal depends on its ability to balance alliance dependence and strategic autonomy.

Fangfang Li, Chia-Ying Lin

Abstract This research pertains to the tenets of the Taliban’s gender policy and its roots within a particular political discourse and foreign policy. Further, the research examines the cognition of related countries on Afghanistan’s gender policy and the impact of this policy on the country’s inter-state relations. This paper collects and analyses news articles and recent reports published as the supporting database and published material from JSTOR, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, Gender Studies, and Wiley. The social and historical evolution of Afghanistan is discussed to better comprehend the historical trajectory of gender policy and inequality, as well as the political and diplomatic positions of different countries in Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Asia. Their views on gender policies have a profound impact on its national political and economic situation and the vested interests of power that are concerned about gender equality in Afghanistan. To conclude, the article recommends how countries should approach Afghanistan and the Taliban regime to improve international relations and its foreign policies with countries of strategic significance while enhancing women’s position in the country.

Dahlia Simangan

Much has been written about rebuilding conflict-affected societies, but its implementation in urban contexts needs further examination. In urban studies, some scholars have highlighted the relationship between urban dynamics and the conditions for peace and conflict. Meanwhile, critical peace scholars have emphasised the value of everyday practices for peacebuilding. This study situates the conventional peacebuilding components of security, reconciliation, and development within Marawi City's people, places, and practices to advance an integrated framework for analysing urban peacebuilding. The data for analysis draws on focus group discussions around the issues of security (e.g., clearance of unexploded ordnances), reconciliation (particularly the return of displaced persons), and development (i.e., the resumption of livelihoods). Results show that identity, spatiality, and relationality are entangled in post-conflict cities like Marawi, posing complex and unique challenges to peacebuilding efforts. Therefore, sustaining peace in post-conflict cities needs careful consideration of the urban characteristics of the people, places, and practices that influence peacebuilding.

L. Oktiwanti, Mustofa Kamil, Achmad Hufad et al.

Intergenerational learning plays a crucial role in family businesses, facilitating knowledge transfer and business skills across generations. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of intergenerational learning research trends in the family business context from 2013 to 2023. The analysis utilized the VOSviewer application to map the research landscape and identify key themes. In the past 10 years, research on intergenerational learning in family businesses has been comparatively rare, with only 116 publications, or 10 per year on average. The highest number of citations occurred in 2013, 2015, and 2017, with China leading in Asian studies. Social sciences, medicine, and psychology were the prominent disciplines in this field. The analysis revealed clusters of key terms such as child, father, intergenerational, parent, research, digital divide, older adult, perspective, family, intergenerational transmission, language, role, and violence. The study also identified less-explored areas within intergenerational learning, including older adults, children, and the digital divide. Indonesia’s focus on family education and cultural heritage transmission could advance research in this field. Overall, this study contributes to the comprehension of forging a legacy through intergenerational learning in the context of family businesses and establishes a foundation for future research directions. Keywords: bibliometric, family business, intergenerational learning, legacy

Zafar Khan

Pashtun resistance to state authority has been interpreted in light of stereotypical colonial theories in colonial and post-colonial periods. Pashtuns were presented as marshals and wild people who resisted every kind of state authority in the colonial era.  Perceptions about Pashtun’s resistance to state authority based on politically motivated stereotypes resonate in the British colonial regime. This study focuses on the stereotypes and myths associated with Pashtun's resistance to state authority in the colonial period and its effect on them in post-colonial periods. The British colonial regime faced resistance in the Pashtun indigenous society (now known as emerged districts).  The findings of this study reveal that the Pashtun resistance to state authority is not part of their culture. Pashtun were against the exploitative policies of the British and it was genuine resistance. It reveals that their resistance was labelled as a normative part of their culture to legitimize the oppressive policies in this region. Moreover, in the post-colonial period, Pakistan also applied the same tactics and labelled genuine resistance as part of their culture. Stereotypes associated with Pashtun's resistance to the state should be deconstructed.   References Akhtar, A. S. (2022). The checkpost state in Pakistan’s War of Terror: Centres, peripheries, and the politics of the universal. Antipode, 54(5), 1365-1385. Ali, H. & Zhibin, H. (2021). A Comparative Analysis of Mahsud and Afridi Tribe Resistance Movement Against the British 1849-1897. European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements, 2(9), 34-41 Arbab, S. (2019). The ecstasy and anarchy of nonviolence: The Khudai Khidmatgar resistance in the north-west frontier of British India. University of California, Los Angeles. Asif, D. M. (2024). THE COMPLEXITIES OF BIOTERRORISM: CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS. International Journal of Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences, 3(3), 2175–2184. Retrieved from https://ijciss.org/index.php/ijciss/article/view/1391 Bala, S. (2013). Waging Nonviolence: Reflections on the history writing of the Pashtun nonviolent movement Khudai Khidmatgar. Peace & Change, 38(2), 131-154. Bangash, S. (2015). Tribal Belt and the Defence of British India: A Critical Appraisal of British Strategy in the North-West Frontier during the First World War. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, 2, 63. Bansode, R. (2020). Book Review: Ground Down by Growth: Tribe, Caste, Class, and Inequality in Twenty-First-Century India. Sociological Research Online, 25(1), 154-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780419830099. BATY, E. (1980). British policy and the Pashtun experience before the South Asian partition. Britis Undergraduate History, 21(2), 1. Borthakur, A. (202). The Pashtun Trajectory: From the Colonially Constructed Notion on ‘Violent’Pashtun Tribe to ‘Non Violent’Pashtun Tahafuz Movement. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 15(3), 360-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2021.1992584 Caroe, O. (1960). The Pathans. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 108(5052), 920-939. Cherniak, K. (2021). Sociology from the Global South and the Global North: Systematising characteristics and relations. Соціологічні студії, (1 (18)). Epstein, C. (2014). The postcolonial perspective: an introduction. International Theory, 6(2), 294-311 Eswarappa, K. (2024). The complexity of the “Tribal” question in India: The case of the particularly vulnerable tribal groups. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 59(3), 858-875. Green, N. (2016). Afghanistan’s Islam: from conversion to the Taliban (p. 354). University of California Press. Gregory, D. (2004). The Colonial Present: Afghanistan. Palestine. Iraq. John Wiley & Sons. Hakur, M. K. (2013). Book Review: Writing India: Colonial Ethnography in the Nineteenth Century. Sociological Research Online, 18(2), 225-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/136078041301800203 Hanifi, S.M. (2016). The Pashtun counter-narrative. Middle East Critique, 25(4), 385-400. Haroon, S., & Green, N. (2017). Competing views of Pashtun Tribalism, Islam, and society in the Indo-Afghan borderlands. Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban. Oakland: University of California Press. doi, 10, 9780520967373-014. Hussain, I., Xingang, W., & Fatima, A. (2022). British Colonial Imperialism and Pashtun Resistance Jamil Hanifi, M. (2011). Review Essay: Vending distorted Afghanistan through patriotic ‘anthropology’. Critique of Anthropology, 31(3), 256-270. Khan, A. (2020). The British Colonial Policies in the North West Frontier of India: 1849-1901. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 14(2), 164-179. Khan, I., Israr, M., & Khan, Z. (2019). Pakhtun radicalization in fata: A qualitative approach for their effective integration in Pakistan. JL & Soc'y, 50, 73. Khan, U., Cheng, Y., Shah, Z.A., Ullah, S., & Jianfu, M. (2021). Reclaiming Pashtun Identity: The role of informal spaces in developing an alternative narrative. Interventions, 23(8), 1166-1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2020.1845769 Khan, U., Cheng, Y., Shah, Z. A., & Ullah, S. (2020). Resistance in disguise and the re-construction of identity: a case of the Pashtuns in Pakistan. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 21(3), 374-391. Kharroubi, L. (2022). To What Extent Did The Anti-Colonial Struggle Impact Pashtuns Leading Up to South Asia’s Parti-tion?. Historia Nova, 12. Kiwanuka, M. S. (2018). Colonial policies and administrations in Africa: The myths of the contrasts. In The colonial epoch in Africa (pp. 1-22). Routledge. Leonard, Z. (2016). Colonial Ethnography on India's North-West Frontier, 1850–1910. The Historical Journal, 59(1), 175-196. Lundberg, C.E. (2016). From Defeat to Glory: The First Anglo-Afghan War and the Lindholm, C., 1980. Images of the Pathan: The usefulness of colonial ethnography. European Journal of Sociology/Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 21(2), 350-361. Mahmud, T. (2010). Colonial Cartographies, Postcolonial Borders, and Enduring Failures of International Law: The Unending War along the Afghanistan-Pakistan Frontier. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 20(1), 10-11. Manderson, D. (2012). The Law of the Image and the Image of the Law: Colonial Representations of the Rule of Law. NYL Sch. L. Rev., 57, p.153. Mir, N.A. (2018). Pashtun nationalism in search of political space and the state in Pakistan. Strategic Analysis, 42(4), 443-450. Mische, A. (2011). Relational sociology, culture, and agency. The Sage handbook of social network analysis, 80-97. Nimesh, A. (2022). The Idea of Self-Governance and Tribal Revolts in Colonial Period. In Tribe, Space and Mobilisation: Colonial Dynamics and Post-Colonial Dilemma in Tribal Studies (pp. 133-150). Singapore: Springer Singapore. Pant, S. (2018). The Frontier Crimes Regulation in Colonial India: Local Critiques and Persistent Effects. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 41(4), pp.789-805 Pathmavathy, M. B. (2024). EXPLORING THE NEGLECTED NARRATIVES OF TRIBAL RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS AGAINST COLONIALISM IN INDIA. Journal of Digital Economy, 3(1), 424-431. Reynolds, J. (2016). Empire, emergency and the law. International Community Law Review, 3(3), pp.4-6. Saeed, S., Shah, R. and ul ain Jafeer, Q. (2020). Colonial Literary Sources and the Image of Pashtuns: A Historical Analysis. Journal of Asian Civilizations, 43(2), 201-213. Saikal, A. (2010). Afghanistan and Pakistan: The Question of Pashtun Nationalism?. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30(1), pp.5-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602001003650572 Siddique, A. (2014). The Pashtun question: The unresolved key to the future of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Hurst & Company. Sohail, M., Ahmad, S. M., & Inamullah, H. M. (2014). The Educational Services and Philosophy of Bacha Khan. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci, 4(7S), 157-165. Sōkefeld, M. (2005). From colonialism to postcolonial colonialism: changing modes of domination in the Northern areas of Pakistan. The Journal of Asian Studies, 64(4), 939-973. Tripodi, C. (2016). Edge of empire: The British political officer and tribal administration on the north-west frontier 1877–1947. Routledge. Ullah, A., Hayat, R. and Khan, F.U. (2021). Khudai Khidmatgars’ Resistance against Colonial Rule and its Search for Affiliation. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 5(2), 661-672. Vázquez, R. (2009). Modernity coloniality and visibility: The politics of the time. Sociological Research Online, 14(4), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.1990 Verghese, A. (2016). British rule and tribal revolts in India: The curious case of Bastar. Modern Asian Studies, 50(5), 1619-1644. Wagner, K.A. (2013). Edge of Empire. The British Political Officer and Tribal Administration on the North-West Frontier 1877–1947. By Christian Tripodi. White, J.T. (2008). The shape of frontier rule: Governance and transition, from the Raj to the modern Pakistani frontier. Asian Security, 4(3), 219-243. Williams, S. and Law, I. (2012). Legitimising racism: An exploration of the challenges posed by the use of indigeneity discourses by the far right. Sociological Research Online, 17(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.2554 Yousaf, F. (2019). Pakistan’s “tribal” Pashtuns, their “violent” representation, and the Pashtun Tahafuz movement. Sage Open, 9(1), 2158244019829546. Yousaf, F. (2021). The ‘savage’Pathan (Pashtun) and the postcolonial burden. Critical Studies on Security, 9(1), 3. Yousaf, F. and Wakhu, S. (2020). Security in the ‘Periphery’of post-colonial states: analyzing Pakistan’s ‘tribal’Pashtuns and Kenyan-Somalis. Social Identities, 26(4), 515-532 https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2020.1776599

N. Nazuri, Mohd Roslan Rosnon, S. Salim et al.

Akhter, J., & Cheng, K. (2020). Sustainable empowerment initiatives among rural women through microcredit borrowings in Bangladesh. Sustainability, 12: 2275.   Ani, F., Ramlan, N., Yusoff, R., & Damin, Z.A. (2018). Measuring the level of participation and its relationship with psychological empowerment through community based organisation (CBO) activities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8: 647-658.   Barker, J., & Thomson, L. (2015). Helpful relationships with service users: Linking social capital. Australian Social Work, 68: 130-145.   Bisaga, I., Parikh, P., & Loggia, C. (2019). Challenges and opportunities for sustainable urban farming in South African low-income settlements: A case study in Durban. Sustainability, 11: 5660.   Cheah, J.H., Thurasamy, R., Memon, M.A., Chuah, F., & Ting, H. (2020). Multigroup analysis using SmartPLS: Step-by-step guidelines for business research. Asian Journal of Business Research, 10: I-XIX.   Claridge, T. (2018). Functions of social capital–bonding, bridging, linking. Social Capital Research, 20: 1-7.   Cohen, J. M., & Uphoff, N. T. (1977). Rural development participation: concepts and measures for project design, implementation and evaluation. Rural development participation: concepts and measures for project design, implementation and evaluation., 2: 29-46.   Díaz-Gibson, J., Zaragoza, M.C., Daly, A.J., Mayayo, J.L., & Romaní, J. R. (2017). Networked leadership in educational collaborative networks. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45: 1040-1059.   Eryanto, H., Swaramarinda, D.R., & Nurmalasari, D. (2019). Effectiveness of entrepreneurship practice program: using CIPP program evaluation. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22: 1-10.   Evans, P. (1997). State-society synergy: Government and social capital in development.   FAO. (2019). Urban and peri-urban agriculture in Asia and the Pacific: Opportunities, challenges and policy implications. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia   Guitart D., Pickering C., Byrne J. (2012). Past results and future directions in urban community gardens research. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 11: 364-373.   Gunasekara, R.W.M.N., Premaratne, S.P., & Priyanath, H.M.S. (2017). Impact of social capital on livelihood success of the members of community-based organizations in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7: 1156-1167. Hair Jr, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109: 101-110.   Haldane, V., Chuah, F. L., Srivastava, A., Singh, S. R., Koh, G. C., Seng, C. K., & Legido-Quigley, H. (2019). Community participation in health services development, implementation, and evaluation: A systematic review of empowerment, health, community, and process outcomes. PloS one, 14: e0216112.   Ibrahim, M. B. (2016). Role of participation in decision making and social capital on sustainability of watershed usage among peri-urban agricultural farmers of Kwadon, Gombe State, Nigeria. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.   Jackson, K. T., Burgess, S., Toms, F., & Cuthbertson, E. L. (2018). Community engagement: Using feedback loops to empower residents and influence systemic change in culturally diverse communities. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 9: 1-21.   Jiang, J., & Wang, P. (2020). Is linking social capital more beneficial to the health promotion of the poor? Evidence from China. Social Indicators Research, 147: 45-71. Kieffer, C. H. (1984). Citizen empowerment: A developmental perspective. Prevention in Human Services, 3: 9-36.   Kilpatrick, S. U. E., Field, J., & Falk, I. A. N. (2003). Social capital: An analytical tool for exploring lifelong learning and community development. British Educational Research Journal, 29: 417-433.   Mai, V. N., Nguyen, Q. N., & Hien, L. T. D. (2023). Citizen Participation in Community-Based Tourism Development in the Mekong Delta. Vietnam. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(5), e749.   Manurung, A., & Lubis, S. (2023). The Potential of Budget Participation and Dalihan Natolu Leadership Style to Improve Community Welfare in the Toba Caldera Tourism Geography Area. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(9), e573-e573.   Menasseri-Aubry, S., Viaud, V., Santillàn-Carvantes, P., Akkal-Corfini, N., Le Guillou, C., Prévost-Bouré, N. C., & Ranjard, L. (2018). Landscape-scale analysis of cropping system effects on soil quality in a context of crop-livestock farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 265: 166-177.   Nakagawa, Y., & Shaw, R. (2004). Social capital: A missing link to disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 22(1): 5-34.   National Agrofood Policy (NAFP). Malaysia’s Agrofood Policy (NAP 2011–2020). Available online: https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1368 (accessed on 20 September 2021).   Nazuri, N. S., Rosnon, M. R., Ahmad, N., Suhaimi, S. S. A., Sharifuddin, J., & Wijekoon, R. (2022). Vindication of linking social capital capacity to urban agriculture: A paradigm of participation based on social empowerment in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Sustainability, 14: 1509. Ndaeji, M. N. (2014). Participation in self-help groups and empowerment among rural women in Niger state, Nigeria. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.   Pereira, V. A., dos Santos Brandalize, M., Grosko, S., de Oliveira, I. C., Zitkoski, J. J., Corbari, F., & Zonin, W. J. (2023). Extension, popular education and agroecology in family agriculture: experience report of students and graduate teachers. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 17(7), 1-17.   Purwanto, A. (2021). Partial least squares structural squation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis for social and management research: a literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 21: 65-84   Putnam, R. (2001). Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2: 41-51.   Rappaport, J., & Seidman, E. (2000). Handbook of community psychology. Springer Science & Business Media. Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: The importance-performance map analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116: 1865-1886.   Riwalnu S. (2014). Community empowerment through participatory approach of Indonesia poverty reduction program. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153: 209-220.   Siegner, A., Sowerwine, J., & Acey, C. (2018). Does urban agriculture improve food security? Examining the nexus of food access and distribution of urban produced foods in the United States: A systematic review. Sustainability, 10: 2988.   Siwar, C., Ahmed, F., Bashawir, A., & Mia, M. S. (2016). Urbanization and urban poverty in Malaysia: consequences and vulnerability. Journal of Applied Sciences, 16: 154-160.   Smit, J., Bailkey, M., & Van Veenhuizen, R. (2006). Urban agriculture and the building of communities. Van Veenhuizen, R. Cities farming for the future, urban agriculture for green and productive cities, pp. 146-171, Leusden: RUAF Foundation Press.   United Nations. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2: 11-17.   Yan, X., Lin, H., & Clarke, A. (2018). Cross-sector social partnerships for social change: The roles of non-governmental organizations. Sustainability, 10: 558.   Yapanto, L. M., Fadhli, A., Tamod, Z. E., Warouw, F. F., Musa, D. T., & Tenda, M. P. (2023). Community Participation in the Management of Tourist Areas (Case Study in the Tourist Area of Bongo, Gorontalo District) Indonesia. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 17(5), e03460-e03460.   Yusoff, N. H., Hussain, M. R. M., & Tukiman, I. (2017). Roles of community towards urban farming activities. Planning Malaysia, 15: 4-10.   Zaidi, N. A. M., Yusoff, S., Ismail, M. H. S., Ismail, S. A., Harun, S. N. S., Latif, M. A. (2019). Urban agriculture in Malaysia: Issues, prospects and sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26: 17-25.   Zainal, M., & Hamzah, S. R. A. (2018). Urban agriculture: The role of knowledge among farmer in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7: 77-85.   Zainoddin, A. I., Shaharudin, M. R., Hassim, N. H., Haniff, W. A. A. W., Shaari, N. F., & Legino, R. (2022). The mediating effects of capability development on the relationships between social capital and the effectiveness of community development programme among farmers in malaysia. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 12: 28-44.

Tangguh Chairil, Ratu Ayu Asih Kusuma Putri, Sukmawani Bela Pertiwi

While the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) Blueprint 2025 envisages a centrality of regional architecture in responding to security challenges in the region, divided positions among the member states – mostly visible in the South China Sea dispute – have deepened the pessimism on the fate of APSC. Notwithstanding the persisting intra-ASEAN disunity, the organization has been projecting the goal of ASEAN centrality in the global political arena. The goal highlights ASEAN’s emerging role as the ‘hub’ of regional cooperation in Asia-Pacific hence cohesion is highly expected. This paper aims to examine ASEAN cohesion and how it aligns with the institution’s community-building project. To this aim, it primarily looks at the pattern of divergence and convergence in ASEAN voting behavior across security issues discussed in the UN General Assembly. It also underscores the underlying factors behind the emerging patterns. Using Agreement Index (AI), this paper found that ASEAN member states’ voting highly converges on colonialism, the law of the sea, the Mediterranean region, military expenditures, outer space, peace, and transnational crimes. Alternatively, voting diverges on resolutions related to arms transfer, counterterrorism, and armed conflict. Contributing factors to this pattern include member states' preferences, the identity, value, norms, and cognitive prior of the regional organization, as well as alliance and major powers’ preferences.

Haomin Lin, P. Nalluri, Lantian Li et al.

COVID-19 has disproportionately threatened minority communities in the U.S, not only in health but also in societal impact. However, social scientists and policymakers lack critical data to capture the dynamics of the anti-Asian hate trend and to evaluate its scale and scope. We introduce new datasets from Twitter related to anti-Asian hate sentiment before and during the pandemic. Relying on Twitter’s academic API, we retrieve hateful and counter-hate tweets from the Twitter Historical Database. To build contextual understanding and collect related racial cues, we also collect instances of heated arguments, often political, but not necessarily hateful, discussing Chinese issues. We then use the state-of-the-art hate speech classifiers to discern whether these tweets express hatred. These datasets can be used to study hate speech, general anti-Asian or Chinese sentiment, and hate linguistics by social scientists as well as to evaluate and build hate speech or sentiment analysis classifiers by computational scholars.

Emily Laskin

Despite a blossoming of English-language scholarship on Central Asia in the last decade or so, the field has been waiting for an accessible general history. With the publication of Adeeb Khalid’s Central Asia: A New History from the Imperial Conquests to the Present, alongside another recent book, Shoshana Keller’s Russia and Central Asia, we now have such a volume. Broad in scope and lucid in its prose style, Khalid’s book focuses explicitly on the autonomy—cultural, if not always political—of Central Asia, markedly including the culture and territories of the Uyghurs with the five former Soviet Central Asian nations. This book takes a major step toward undoing some of the disciplinary boundaries that focused on empire and enforced an outmoded separation between studies of Eastern and Western Turkestan. This work provides a subtle treatment of the region, challenging but not dwelling overmuch on such familiar stereotypes as the Silk Road and the Great Game. Particularly welcome is the slight complication of the notion that Central Asian culture can be broadly defined by conflict between nomadic and sedentary populations—Khalid instead tells the more interesting story of the political process, first gradual and then sudden, which enclosed the vast Central Asian steppe between stable inter-imperial borders. As a narrative history, Khalid’s Central Asia is particularly well suited for use in the undergraduate classroom. Taken in its entirety, it presents a cohesive historical arc of the region for a nonspecialist audience. Accessible, focused chapters make an instructor’s job of excerpting easy—this in itself is a huge boon to the field, as Central Asia can furnish many illuminating case studies for thematically focused humanities and social sciences courses (courses on global Islam and the legacies of the socialist world, to name a couple of possibilities). Until the arrival of this volume, there had been a dearth of historical material with which to introduce and ground Central Asian texts. Specialists, too, will find much to admire in Khalid’s latest work, which builds on an already prolific career in the study of twentieth-century Central Asia. Here, Khalid argues that the story of Central Asia in the last two and half centuries is inextricable from the conceptual development of nationality and nationalism in the region. Early chapters on the Jadids distill Khalid’s extensive work on the topic, showing clearly how these Muslim modernizers laid the foundations for Central Asia’s imagined national communities in both the former Soviet countries and Xinjiang. Without these developments, Khalid suggests, neither Soviet nationalities policy nor the Soviet anticolonial critique would have had much social currency in the region. Instead, in the 1920s, Soviet Central Asia became the center of “the idea of revolutionizing the colonial world,” an idea that “came from the peoples of the East themselves” (p. 173). This moment alone helps Khalid to “center” Central Asia, presenting the region as not only an active participant in the political and intellectual currents of a globalizing world, but also an ideological and imaginative engine of the socialist “Second” world in the twentieth century. Closing chapters on Central Asia in our present moment anticipate a counterargument to the unfortunately widespread notion—one that continues to plague the study of the region—that the region is a global backwater where nationalism appears merely as a dangerous artifact of Soviet social engineering. Quite the contrary, as Khalid shows over the course of this extensive and carefully constructed book, when the five post-Soviet Central Asian nations became independent in the 1990s, they did so with “a vast storehouse of national legitimacy” (p. 433).

Norbert Francis

An account of the history of the Uyghur people is indispensable for understanding the current crisis in Xinjiang province. This is where China and the Uyghurs begins. As a historian of East Asia, Professor Rossabi approaches the problem of understanding by applying an objective procedure of fact-finding, as is required of researchers in his field. Objective, here, first implies the gathering of evidence and other reliable information from historical sources and from reports of events, also from reliable sources, as they unfold in real time. Secondly, it implies examining the available information critically, from more than one point of view.