Hasil untuk "Marketing. Distribution of products"

C. Ling, Chenghui Li

P. Farris, N. Bendle, Phillip E. Pfeifer et al.

Josué Ortega, Gabriel Ziegler, R. Pablo Arribillaga et al.

We study the distribution of envy in random matching markets under the Deferred Acceptance (DA) algorithm. Using tools from applied probability, we compute the expected number of proposing agents whom nobody envies and those who envy nobody. We obtain an exact finite-market expression for the former, based on a connection with the coupon collector problem, and asymptotic bounds for the latter. To put these quantities into perspective, we compare them to their counterparts under Random Serial Dictatorship (RSD): while RSD assigns a constant fraction of agents to their top choice, both DA and RSD leave exactly $H_n$ proposing agents unenvied in expectation. Our results show that these clearly unimprovable proposing agents constitute a vanishing fraction of the market.

Niyaz Panakaje, Madhura K., S. M. Riha Parvin et al.

Type of the article: Research Article AbstractRetailers are leveraging social commerce by integrating advanced social media features to drive customer engagement and create superior value. Thus, a present study is an attempt to analyze the impact of perceived ease of use, user engagement and technological factors on social commerce usage and to assess its contribution towards the purchase intention of the working professionals. 380 working women (from organized sectors including education, industry, health, government, banking, and IT) were targeted from Bengaluru city of India by adopting the snowball sampling method which was further analyzed using independent sample t-test, regression analysis, and Structural Equation Modelling. The results of the study show the effects of perceived ease of use (β = .434), user engagement (β = .517), and technological factors (β = .662) on social commerce usage (SCU) are studied, which mediates purchase intention (β = .689). These results indicate that SCU is one of the main factors affecting purchase intention (β = .751). This also show that there is significant influence of perceived ease of use, user engagement, and technological factors on social commerce usage that has ultimately led to their purchase intention among working professionals. Based on these findings, it is crucial to perfect social commerce strategies in order to improve consumer’s engagement and encourage purchase behavior.

David Sychrovský, Jakub Černý, Martin Loebl

Resource distribution is a fundamental problem in economic and policy design, particularly when demand and supply are not naturally aligned. Without regulation, wealthier individuals may monopolize this resource, leaving the needs of others unsatisfied. While centralized distribution can ensure fairer division, it can struggle to manage logistics efficiently, and adapt to changing conditions, often leading to shortages, surpluses, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Building on previous research on market-based redistribution, we examine a repeated hybrid market that incorporates buying rights. These rights, distributed iteratively by a central authority (for instance, as digital tokens), are intended to enhance fairness in the system - a unit of right is required to acquire a unit of the resource, but the rights themselves can also be traded alongside the resource in the market. We analyze how this regulatory mechanism influences the distribution of the scarce resource in the hybrid market over time. Unlike past works that relied on empirical methods, we explore the exact analytical properties of a system in which traders optimize over multiple rounds. We identify its market equilibrium, which is a natural generalization of the free market equilibrium, and show that it is coalition-proof. To assess the fairness in the system, we use the concept of frustration, which measures the gap between the resources a buyer is entitled to through their buying rights and what they actually obtain through trading. Our main theoretical result shows that using buying rights reduces the frustration by at least half compared to the free market. Empirical evaluations further support our findings, suggesting the system performs well even beyond the theoretically studied assumptions.

Mohammed Al-Mhanna, Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh, zahrasadat Mirzazadeh et al.

Purpose: As the business environment becomes more complex and the needs of consumers become more complex, companies and business organizations must carefully consider how to conduct strategic marketing planning. The aim of the present research is to design and compile the strategic marketing development plan of the Iraqi Swimming Federation.Method: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey, which was collected using qualitative methods. The statistical population of this research is 450 swimming experts in Iraq (according to the statistics of the Iraqi Swimming Federation in 2021). Experts mean swimming club managers, coaches, athletes, referees, and veterans of this sport in Iraq who are active in swimming at a professional level. First, the total number of samples was selected in the qualitative section to reach theoretical saturation, and 17 were selected for the qualitative section.Results: The results of the internal and external matrix show an average of 2.23 and 2.16, which indicates that the strategic marketing plan of the Iraqi Swimming Federation is in the WT position and the conditions for maintaining the existing situation.Conclusion: This program cannot make good use of strengths and opportunities address weaknesses, and reduce threats. Managers and organizations related to this sport can reduce and minimize losses caused by threats and weaknesses with proper planning. Therefore, the strategic marketing development plan of the Iraqi Swimming Federation should be developed with a comprehensive, transparent, and accurate approach to improve the marketing and development activities of the Iraqi Swimming Federation.

Aryeh Kontorovich, Amichai Painsky

We present novel bounds for estimating discrete probability distributions under the $\ell_\infty$ norm. These are nearly optimal in various precise senses, including a kind of instance-optimality. Our data-dependent convergence guarantees for the maximum likelihood estimator significantly improve upon the currently known results. A variety of techniques are utilized and innovated upon, including Chernoff-type inequalities and empirical Bernstein bounds. We illustrate our results in synthetic and real-world experiments. Finally, we apply our proposed framework to a basic selective inference problem, where we estimate the most frequent probabilities in a sample.

Ntswaki Petunia Matlala

The emergence of digital banking has presented the banking industry with benefits and challenges. Although digital banking services provide customers with increased convenience and accessibility around the clock, many still struggle to grasp their ever-changing nature. To address this, a study was conducted to identify the main factors influencing the adoption of digital banking in South Africa. The study used an e-readiness framework that combined the innovation diffusion theory and trust in technology with the technology readiness index to measure consumers’ adoption of digital banking channels. The researcher applied quantitative methodology to answer the research question. The snowball sample required respondents to answer the questionnaire and pass it on to others in the network with bank accounts and mobile phones; 338 responses were accepted. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. This study discovered that the adoption of digital banking services is influenced positively by relative advantage, observability, optimism towards technology, innovativeness and insecurity. Therefore, banks should develop user-friendly platforms with online support to encourage the adoption of digital banking. Future research can use qualitative or mixed method approaches to investigate how customers’ perceptions and personalities influence the adoption of digital in emerging markets.

Sajjad Mohammadi

Let $m$ and $n$ be two positive integers such that $m < n$. Let $Q_{n-m+1}$ be the symplectic quasi-projective space of rank $n-m+1$. In this article, we will study the order of the Samelson product $S^{4m-1}\wedge Q_{n-m+1}\rightarrow Sp(n)$.

Matthias Franke, Ognjen Stanojev, Lesia Mitridati et al.

Amidst the worldwide efforts to decarbonize power networks, Local Electricity Markets (LEMs) in distribution networks are gaining importance due to the increased adoption of renewable energy sources and prosumers. Considering that LEMs involve data exchange among independent entities, privacy and cybersecurity are some of the main practical challenges in LEM design. This paper proposes a secure market protocol using innovations from distributed optimization and Secure MultiParty Computation (SMPC). The considered LEM is formulated as an uncertainty-aware joint market for energy and reserves with affine balancing policies. To achieve scalability and enable the use of SMPC, market clearing is solved using the Consensus ADMM algorithm. Subsequently, the data exchange among participants via ADMM iterations is protected using the Shamir secret-sharing scheme to ensure privacy. The market protocol is further reinforced by a secure and verifiable settlement process that uses SMPC and ElGamal commitments to verify market quantities and by a secure recovery scheme for missing network measurements. Finally, the feasibility and performance of the proposed LEM are evaluated on a 15-bus test network.

Sri Utami, Ani Sulistyarsi, Abd. Rohman Taufiq et al.

The An-Nahl honey bee farm of the Madiun Group, owned by Mr Sunardi, is located in the Musir Hamlet, Banjarsari Wetan Village, Dagangan District, Madiun Regency, and was started in 2000. The main products produced are honey, royal jelly, bee pollen, and solid propolis. The honey was collected from the flowers of calliandra, mango, kapok, rambutan, narra, bay leaf, water spinach, and rubber. An-Nahl honey bee farm already has a business license, namely PIRT No. 10953519010730 – 20. Its honey has become a superior product in Banjarsari Wetan Village, Dagangan District, Madiun Regency since 2016. Despite the success in its production, the AnNahl honey bee farm faced marketing problems. It is still using conventional marketing techniques. Product distribution is carried out only in the Madiun area. Moreover, the level of sales was considered as low less than ten bottles per month. The farm needed to advance its marketing strategy by expanding marketing media as a solution. The method of carrying out the community service activities were through a workshop on social media, training and assisting media social marketing course, and evaluating the programs. The study result shows that the material provided was a fresh material for participants with percentage of understanding increasing by 52% and above 113% for each type of honey volume in sales. Therefore, this program was successful in providing new knowledge to honey bee farmers in social media marketing strategy. The farm is also expecting this program to be continued.

Mesrop T. Mesropyan, Vardan G. Bardakhchyan

Main purpose of distance based portfolio constructions is in portfolio imitation. Here we construct portfolio based on Hellinger distance from normal distribution. We empirically found that minimum of this distance drastically varies from market to market. Thus we suppose that it may be regarded as a form of market invariant, in a sense of helpful tool for market segmentation. We analyze its sensitivity. Though mean sensitivity was small it showed extreme sensitivity in some cases.

Adcharina Pratiwi, S. Suranto, N. Nurgiyatna et al.

Batik fabric is a product of the creative industry which is a product of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the field of handmade. The aim of the study is to raise the potential of batik fabric products, performance marketing mix model so that batik fabric products (batik) able to increase sales volume. The design and construction strategy marketing mix applied to increase sales is through the development of marketing mix approaches 9Ps (products, prices, promotions, distribution, people, physic evidend, process, payment, packaging) to sales volume in pandemi Covid 19. This research is beneficial as a marketing development model of “Batik” fabric products so that the output is used as a source/material in mentoring or guiding marketing for “Batik” fabric entrepreneurs. The method of data analysis through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis to design models of marketing mix on sales volume.

Nataliia Germaniuk

The article highlights specific features of marketing in agriculture. It is emphasized that key condition for successful development of agricultural marketing is the orientation of farms to ensure their own competitive advantages. Essence of the category «marketing» is revealed. In general, the latter is characterized as a process of promoting goods from producer to buyers, at the level of an individual enterprise – as a mechanism to ensure ways of planning of activity, pricing and distribution of products. The core principles are presented, on the basis of which the algorithm of agro marketing functioning is developed. It is substantiated that during their own activity agricultural enterprises should take into account the following marketing features: dependence of production volumes on natural and climatic conditions; the importance of products for the population; seasonality of production; variety of forms of ownership and management; different levels of marketing activity; imperfect legislative base. It is committed a brief overview of the current economic situation in the Ukrainian agricultural sector. We believe that the improvement of the state of development of the domestic agricultural sphere will be facilitated by more active involvement of digital approaches in product promotion. It is approved that the introduction of digital marketing at foreign agricultural enterprises provides great benefits for their successful activity. It is founded, that digital marketing is a marketing strategy to improve the sale of goods and services based on use of digital channels (advertising on radio, contextual internet ads) to attract and retain customers. Structural components of digital marketing are considered and systematized. The key advantages of digital marketing are revealed. It is clarified that the most convenient means for agricultural producers regarding the improvement of degree of brand recognition is social networks and messengers, as they can be used to establish targeted advertising to neighboring towns or villages and provide feedback in a dialog format with consumers. It is concluded that traditional and digital marketing are a structural mechanism for promoting products on the platform of various communication channels.

Sunil Chiplunkar, D. Gowda, H. Shivakumar

Pharmaceutical marketing is an essential societal activity that ensures the availability of medicines at the right time and place. Pharmaceutical marketers also provide timely information, perform after-sales service in the distribution chain, and organize medical conferences and seminars. Thus, therapy and product updating, ensuring availability, and usage of medications are catalyzed by pharmaceutical marketers; this also ensures access to medicines in society. Medical representatives are critical elements – they inform and persuade adoption of various products for patient welfare. To complement and supplement the ground-level pharmaceutical marketing activity, a host of digital marketing initiatives is also accoutering the pharmaceutical marketing process. During pandemics like the COVID-19 infection, face-to-face pharmaceutical marketing approach is thrown out of gear and digital marketing has gained increased adoption. This article reviews the adaptive response of pharmaceutical marketers during COVID-19 times.

Sarah Hemmerling, U. Hamm, A. Spiller

Rasidah Arshad, Ema Nurmaya

Tingkah laku devian di tempat kerja didapati memberi kesan negatif bukan sahaja kepada pekerja tetapi juga kepada organisasi secara keseluruhan. Dapatan kajian lepas menunjukkan anteseden atau punca yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku devian di tempat kerja terdiri daripada faktor individu iaitu faktor diri pekerja, dan faktor situasi yang berkaitan dengan organisasi. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara pelanggaran dengan pencabulan kontrak psikologi (sebagai faktor peramal) dengan tingkah laku devian di tempat kerja. Secara khususnya, kajian ini menghipotesiskan wujudnya hubungan langsung antara pelanggaran kontrak psikologi dengan tingkah laku devian serta hubungan tidak langsung menerusi pencabulan kontrak psikologi. Kesahan model pengukuran dan hipotesis diuji menggunakan teknik statistik Model Persamaan Berstruktur (SEM) dengan menggunakan data yang dikumpulkan daripada 477 orang jururawat di Indonesia. Selaras dengan kerangka kerja Morrison dan Robinson (1997), dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan wujudnya hubungan tidak langsung yang signifikan antara pelanggaran kontrak psikologi dengan tingkah laku devian menerusi pencabulan kontrak psikologi sebagai pemboleh ubah pengantara. Secara teorinya, kajian ini dapat menyumbang kepada literatur menerusi penggunaan teori kontrak psikologi dalam menerangkan tingkah laku devian di tempat kerja. Abstract Workplace deviance behaviour was found to not only harm employees but also the organisation as a whole. Findings from past research have shown that individual and situational or organisational factors act as antecedents of deviant behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between psychological contract breach, violation and workplace deviance. Specifically, this study hypothesised both direct relationship between psychological contract breach and workplace deviance, and indirect relationship between the two variables via psychological contract violation. To test the validity of the measurement model and to test the hypotheses, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) statistical technique was employed to analyse the survey data collected from 477 nurses in Indonesia. Consistent with Morrison and Robinson’s (1997) framework, the results showed that psychological contract violation mediates the relation between psychological contract breach and workplace deviance. Theoretically, this study contributes to the existing literature by expanding the utility of psychological contract theory in explaining workplace deviant behaviours. Keywords: Psychological contract, breach, violation, workplace deviance, social exchange theory.  

Marcela Reyes, Lindsey Smith Taillie, Barry Popkin et al.

<h4>Background</h4>In June 2016, the first phase of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law that mandated front-of-package warning labels and marketing restrictions for unhealthy foods and beverages was implemented. We assess foods and beverages reformulation after this initial implementation.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>A data set with the 2015 to 2017 nutritional information was developed collecting the information at 2 time periods: preimplementation (T0: January-February 2015 or 2016; n = 4,055) and postimplementation (T1: January-February 2017; n = 3,025). Quartiles of energy and nutrients of concern (total sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, per 100 g/100 mL) and the proportion of products with energy and nutrients exceeding the cutoffs of the law (i.e., products "high in") were compared pre- and postimplementation of the law in cross-sectional samples of products with sales >1% of their specific food or beverage groups, according to the Euromonitor International Database; a longitudinal subsample (i.e., products collected in both the pre- and postimplementation periods, n = 1,915) was also analyzed. Chi-squared, McNemar tests, and quantile regressions (simple and multilevel) were used for comparing T0 and T1. Cross-sectional analysis showed a significant decrease (T0 versus T1) in the proportion of product with any "high in" (from 51% [95% confidence interval (CI) 49-52] to 44% [95% CI 42-45]), mostly in food and beverage groups in which regulatory cutoffs were below the 75th percentile of the nutrient or energy distribution. Most frequent reductions were in the proportion of "high in" sugars products (in beverages, milks and milk-based drinks, breakfast cereals, sweet baked products, and sweet and savory spreads; from 80% [95% CI 73-86] to 60% [95% CI 51-69]) and in "high in sodium" products (in savory spreads, cheeses, ready-to-eat meals, soups, and sausages; from 74% [95% CI 69-78] to 27% [95% CI 20-35]). Conversely, the proportion of products "high in" saturated fats only decreased in savory spreads (p < 0.01), and the proportion of "high in" energy products significantly decreased among breakfast cereals and savory spreads (both p < 0.01). Quantile analyses showed that most of the changes took place close to the cutoff values, with only few exceptions of overall left shifts in distribution. Longitudinal analyses showed similar results. However, it is important to note that the nonexperimental nature of this study does not allow to imply causality of these findings.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results show that, after initial implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labelling and Advertising, there was a significant decrease in the amount of sugars and sodium in several groups of packaged foods and beverages. Further studies should clarify how food reformulation will impact dietary quality of the population.

Will Y. Zou, Shuyang Du, James Lee et al.

User marketing is a key focus of consumer-based internet companies. Learning algorithms are effective to optimize marketing campaigns which increase user engagement, and facilitates cross-marketing to related products. By attracting users with rewards, marketing methods are effective to boost user activity in the desired products. Rewards incur significant cost that can be off-set by increase in future revenue. Most methodologies rely on churn predictions to prevent losing users to make marketing decisions, which cannot capture up-lift across counterfactual outcomes with business metrics. Other predictive models are capable of estimating heterogeneous treatment effects, but fail to capture the balance of cost versus benefit. We propose a treatment effect optimization methodology for user marketing. This algorithm learns from past experiments and utilizes novel optimization methods to optimize cost efficiency with respect to user selection. The method optimizes decisions using deep learning optimization models to treat and reward users, which is effective in producing cost-effective, impactful marketing campaigns. Our methodology demonstrates superior algorithmic flexibility with integration with deep learning methods and dealing with business constraints. The effectiveness of our model surpasses the quasi-oracle estimation (R-learner) model and causal forests. We also established evaluation metrics that reflect the cost-efficiency and real-world business value. Our proposed constrained and direct optimization algorithms outperform by 24.6% compared with the best performing method in prior art and baseline methods. The methodology is useful in many product scenarios such as optimal treatment allocation and it has been deployed in production world-wide.

Mikko Hänninen

ABSTRACT Digital transaction platforms now intermediate a large number of transactions between end-customers and independent sellers and service providers in many parts of the economy. In retail, for example, Amazon.com now intermediates transactions between end-customers and hundreds of thousands of independent sellers worldwide, while Etsy.com connects artists, crafters, and collectors with buyers of a large range of niche and rare products. The growing popularity of digital transaction platforms, therefore, has significant implications for retail, marketing and distribution scholars as the existing interaction patterns in the value-chain are increasingly replaced by new digital intermediaries. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to examine, through an extensive and rigorous review of research on digital transaction platforms in marketing journals, what we know and what opportunities lie ahead to expand the theoretical and empirical understanding of digital transaction platforms. The review shows that despite increasing multi-disciplinary and managerial interest towards digital transaction platforms and the platform economy, they remain largely unexplored in marketing journals, and the existing research and theorizing attempts remain fragmented. Therefore, there are many opportunities for marketing, retail and distribution scholars to, for example, collaborate with industry and practitioners in order to gain new perspectives and access to novel data sources, and for example, meet the emerging funding requirements of many universities and governmental funding agencies for more rigorous multi-disciplinary research on digital markets and digital business models.