Hasil untuk "Law"

Ю. К. Дорошенко

Статтю присвячено вивченню особливостей проведення допиту неповнолітніх, зокрема визначенню переліку спеціалістів, які повинні бути присутні під час допиту в обов’язковому порядку. Здійснено аналіз чинного кримінального процесуального законодавства, а також наукових праць вітчизняних дослідників, які займалися вивченням цієї проблематики. Висвітлено авторське бачення щодо конкретизації окремих норм кримінального процесуального законодавства та запропоновано можливі шляхи його вдосконалення, зокрема в частині, що регулює участь спеціаліста під час допиту неповнолітніх.

Ricardo Alexandre Costa, Carlos Renato Cunha

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a aplicação da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) nos cartórios de protesto, com ênfase na importância da transparência e proteção dos dados pessoais no contexto dessas instituições. Para alcançar esse propósito, serão discutidos diversos aspectos relacionados à coleta, tratamento, compartilhamento e direitos dos titulares de dados no ambiente dos cartórios de protesto. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, trazendo a compreensão da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados e a compreensão das serventias extrajudiciais. Por fim, constatou-se como se dá a aplicação da LGPD nos casos de Cartório de Protesto.

Atabek Atabekov

The paper explores practices regarding the implementation by AI of public functions through the analysis of research activities, and administrative and legal regulations of AI in countries of various regions and continents. The hypothesis is that there might be some global trends regarding the AI phenomenon within international institutional vision, research, and national authorities with the goal to suggest common measures within the identification of short, medium, and long-term periods to provide public authorities with trajectories to regulate the AI in terms of its implementation of public functions regarding countries of different regions. The empirical research uses administrative and legal documents, information, and analytical materials from diverse countries. The study uses the comparative method and formal logic tools. The main findings suggest modeling measures within the identification of short, medium, and long-term periods and single out measures that are common to diverse countries, regarding the implementation by AI of public functions.

حسین پرکان

خوانشِ مسائل فرهنگی و نیز نوع راهکارها، وابسته به پیش‎فرض‎ها و پیش‎دانسته‎های سیاستگذار فرهنگی است. توجه‌نکردن به تفاوت‎ها در پیش‎فرض‎ها و زمینه‎های فرهنگی و اجتماعی، ناکارآمدی سیاست‎ها را به همراه دارد (ماتاراسو و لندری، 1999). زمانی که تشتّت و سردرگمی در امر سیاستگذاری وجود دارد، یعنی بنیادهای نظری به خوبی واکاوی نشده و حتی ممکن است اساساً پاسخگوی شرایط جدید نباشند. لذا در اینکه چگونه به این بنیادها پرداخته شود و چه روش‎هایی برای انتخاب مدّنظر قرار گیرد، هرمنوتیک فلسفی گادامر به‌عنوان یکی از دستاوردهای مهم و مطرحِ نظری، شامل دلالت‎هایی است که با بهره‎برداری از آن، امر سیاستگذاری فرهنگی را تدقیق و ارتقاء کیفی می‎بخشد. در این خصوص، با بهره‎گیری از روش تحلیل مضمون، ابتدا مفاهیم کلیدی هرمنوتیک فلسفی بررسی و استخراج شده و سپس ضمن توجه به برخی از گام‎های اصلی فرایند سیاستگذاری، ماتریسی تشکیل شده و هر «گام» در یک ستون و هر «مفهوم کلیدی» در یک سطر ماتریس قرار گرفته است. در نهایت از مهم‎ترین دلالت‎های هرمنوتیک فلسفی گادامر در سیاستگذاری فرهنگی می‎توان به مفهوم «موقعیت‎سازهای هرمنوتیکی» اشاره کرد که مبیّن پیش‎فرض‎ها، پیش‎تصورات و انتخاب‎های آگاهانه و ناآگاهانه است که در مراحل قبل‎تر از انتخاب‎های سیاستی، فهم‎ها را شکل داده است.

Makoto Itoh

Abstract Using the equations which describe the oxide thickness as a function of the oxidation time and temperature in the thermal oxidation of Si, various experimental results on the oxidation and corrosion of metals and alloys available in the literature are analyzed. By the analyses, it is found that the weight loss of copper by atmospheric corrosion and the weight gains of austenitic stainless steel and Ni–Cr alloy by high temperature oxidation follow a time-dependent power law in which both diffusion and reaction are involved. It is also found that the pitting corrosion of aluminum alloys by the immersion with seawater and the high-temperature oxidation of Al(431) follow a time-dependent power law of a reaction-limited kind. In addition, an estimation is given of the activation energy for the pitting corrosion of mild steel by the immersion with seawater.

Serafima D. Rozhkova

The paper analyzes how Protestantism was denoted in French royal edicts of the 16th century. The social tension of the period of religious conflicts was unavoidably reflected in the Middle French language. Our task is to trace how it affected the language of law; in particular, what vocabulary was used in legal texts to denote the Reformation and whether it corresponded to the linguistic traditions of formulating legal issues that had developed by that time. We divide the royal statutes into two groups, representing two different legal and language policies applied to Protestantism. The first group includes royal edicts from the first half of the century, where derogatory vocabulary is used to denote the Reformation. The second group contains documents from the last third of the 16th century. They introduce newer, neutral terms for Protestantism, diametrically opposed to the earlier pejorative designations.

Abbas Salimi Zaini, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah, Azizi Abdullah et al.

In Malaysia, vehicle recognition system (VRS) such as vehicle plate recognition and counting, is rapidly growing and applied in many areas such as to identify vehicle identities for the law enforcement by authorities and electronic toll collection by highway agencies. Uncovering the region of interest in chaotic illumination environment at free flow road makes localizing license plate is critical process of VRS. Available edge vertical projection claimed to be robust to illumination, however, it tends to create false edges and sensitive to noises that can hinder the recognition performance. Thus, this research aims to propose a license plate localization method that based on exploitable edge analysis.comprising four main steps, namely pre-processing, rectangular blob searching, analysis and the vertical rectangular blobs projection. It calculates total and exploit edge information at y axis of the image. The proposed method is then tested on the European number plate datasets i.e. Baza Slika which contains about 167 vehicle images and Ondrej which contains about 97 vehicle images. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the Ondrej method by obtaining accuracy of 95% on Baza Slika dataset and slightly lower by an accuracy of 91% on the Ondrej dataset. Then, the proposed method tested on the Malaysia vehicle dataset namely Tol Sungai Long data set which contains about 584 images of different illumination conditions, i.e. 297 images in the morning, 140 images in the afternoon and 147 images in the night. The proposed method outperforms other approaches with accuracy of 91.24%, 93.57% and 75.51% in the morning, evening and night respectively.

Tomás Sala Franco

El análisis del impacto de la Reforma Laboral en el empleo público permite concluir que, con ella, se ha proporcionado al sector público un cúmulo importante de medidas jurídicas para realizar un ajuste de su personal laboral y contribuir con ello a reducir el déficit público, verdadera y casi única preocupación del Gobierno en el corto e, incluso en el medio plazo.

Alberto Montina, Stefan Wolf

In view of the importance of quantum non-locality in cryptography, quantum computation, and communication complexity, it is crucial to decide whether a given correlation exhibits non-locality or not. As proved by Pitowski, this problem is NP-complete, and is thus computationally intractable unless NP is equal to P. In this paper, we first prove that the Euclidean distance of given correlations from the local polytope can be computed in polynomial time with arbitrary fixed error, granted the access to a certain oracle; namely, given a fixed error, we derive two upper bounds on the running time. The first bound is linear in the number of measurements. The second bound scales with the number of measurements to the sixth power. The former holds only for a very high number of measurements, and is never observed in the performed numerical tests. We, then, introduce a simple algorithm for simulating the oracle. In all of the considered numerical tests, the simulation of the oracle contributes with a multiplicative factor to the overall running time and, thus, does not affect the sixth-power law of the oracle-assisted algorithm.

Isabela Ayrolla Soares Fonseca

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Juan Pablo Rolon

El derecho de propiedad sobre inmuebles en el Paraguay representa en la actualidad un fenómeno social que enfrenta a varios sectores del ámbito: privado, público e institucional. En un contexto social bajo presión por el constante crecimiento de la masa poblacional, los hechos de incursiones ilícitas en extensiones de tierras, demanda una intervención especial de los órganos de investigación y judicial. Los hechos punibles de invasión de inmuebles enfrentan a intereses sensibles que exigen una persecución penal minuciosa contra los responsables y, que eventualmente pudiera pone en duda la legitimidad de lactuación del Ministerio Público como órgano representativo de las víctimas ante tales eventos. Este supuesto inspira el desarrollo del presente trabajo. Para ello se realiza un análisis legal minucioso que determine una figura legal en el que los agentes fiscales pueden amparar jurídicamente sus actuaciones ante las posibles coyunturas generadas por las investigaciones penales de este tipo de delitos de acción pública, que en los últimos años se registra como un hecho controvertido y sensible.

Irwan Safaruddin Harahap

A child has the right in the same as like own adult people. There are not many people that have thought to do certain things with Children’s right protection. So there are some efforts to protect children’s right that have been broken by country, adult, their environment, or their parents that did not give much attention to their future. Whereas, child as the soul and the reflection of the future, family asset, religion, and nation. Child get bad experience, like children exploitation, children abusement, being sex toy, child labor, abandoned, become the street children, victims of drug trafficking. Universally, Indonesia in breaking of the children’s right in real or nonreal become a normal and common image as mass media gives news about that. Indonesia as a law nation based on Pancasila must give a law protection to society, because of that the law protection will produce confession and human rights protection in his shape as individual creatures and social creatures in a unitary state that uphold family spirit in order to attain public welfare. Law enforcement to child victims of sexual crime in North Sumatra as conceptually has been located on the harmonizing relations of the values which span the hierarchy activities in good rules and with attitude as series value hierarchy, to build, maintain, and defend the peacefulness social life, conception that has basic philosophy that makes more solid. Construction law to protection children victims of sexual crime in progressive law perspective is an ideology and dedication of the perpetrators of law got the first place to do a dignification.

Magdalena Butrymowicz

Human dignity is one of the most fundamental ideas in the entire international human rights system. As from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1948, the concept of the human dignity become used as a tool to protect the basic needs of humans. The other formal instruments of international human rights also make reference to dignity. Whereas international law widely accepted the inherence of dignity, controversies still arise around the source of the dignity. Polish lawmakers, on the other hand, have no doubt about the fact the concept of dignity comes from natural law. Poland, in her Constitution, refers to the teaching of John Paul II about the source, value and meaning of human dignity. There is no doubt that concept of human dignity, even when it is controversial, is the most widely accepted by all religions and political society in the world.

José Luiz Quadros de Magalhães, Ana Muñis, Henrique WEILL Weill

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morteza tabibi, hamidreza kalantari

Stanislav Kadečka, Lukáš Potěšil

Ve dnech 18. a 19. června 2007 se v Kroměříži, v budově Justiční akademie, uskutečnil již 3. letní mezinárodní workshop z o hlasti správního práva a veřejné správy, který se i letos zabýval dopadem nového správního řádu na místní samosprávu v České republice. Tím z hlediska svého obsahového zaměření takřka plynule navázal na úspěšné mezinárodní workshopy věnované novému českému správnímu řádu a územní samosprávě, jež proběhly na akademické půdě Právnické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v červenci 2005 a posléze i v červnu 2006 (tyto se věnovaly jak vlastnímu novému správnímu řádu jako takovému a jeho interpretaci, tak posléze i zevrubně­ ji jeho jednotlivým institutům obsaženým především v jeho částech druhé, třetí a páté, a to s důrazem na jejich dopad na územní samosprávu), tedy v době sbírání prvních počátečních zkušeností s interpretací a po­sléze i aplikací zcela nového kodexu činnosti veřejné správy v České republice.

José Manuel Lastra Lastra

José Dammert Bellido

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Verner Goldschmidt

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