Hasil untuk "History (General)"

T. Wirth, Nigel R. Parker, S. Ylä-Herttuala

Cristina Mocanu (Chitan), Radu-Cristian Cimpeanu, Teodor Salmen et al.

<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is a frequent and debilitating complication among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic conditions, substantially affecting morbidity, functional status, and quality of life. Identifying predictors of PNP is essential for optimizing early diagnostic strategies and improving long-term management outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors of PNP in a cohort of patients with DM. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A cross-sectional study including 117 patients diagnosed with DM assessed for PNP was conducted. All patients were evaluated clinically and biologically. PNP was clinically assessed using the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) score and sudomotor function by Sudoscan. <i>Results:</i> The patients included were mostly males with type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Moreover, the patients with PNP were much older than those without PNP (65 [57–69] vs. 59.50 [46–68] years, <i>p</i> = 0.008), with a longer duration of DM (10 [6–15.50] vs. 5.5 (2–14] years, <i>p</i> = 0.019), and associated autonomic diabetic neuropathy (χ² = 24.382, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, TCSS and Sudoscan were correlated with a history of PNP, especially Sudoscan, which showed a very good discriminative ability for diabetic neuropathy diagnosis (AUC = 0.816). In a multivariable logistic regression including age, DM duration, and HbA1c, age was independently associated with PNP, with each additional year increasing the odds of neuropathy by approximately 6% (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.02–1.09, <i>p</i> = 0.002). When age was excluded, DM duration showed a borderline association with PNP (OR = 1.055, CI95% 0.997–1.117), suggesting potential overlap between these variables. Adding sudomotor assessment to the initial model improved the model performance (AUC 0.70–0.72). <i>Conclusions</i>: Age emerged as the main independent predictor of diabetic neuropathy, highlighting the role of cumulative metabolic exposure in the development of neural damage. Moreover, sudomotor assessment may have a complementary role in PNP assessment.

Jorge Elices Ocón

Este trabalho analisa a recepção das estátuas antigas nas sociedades árabe-islâmicas considerando seis estudos de caso que evidenciam seu valor e vigência, da época medieval até os dias atuais: a construção de uma estátua faraônica, de Ramsés II, no Cairo, durante o governo de Nasser, e sua recente transferência, entre as massas, ao novo museu arqueológico; a descoberta de uma estátua de Dario, em 1972, em Susa e seu papel simbólico como peça de destaque do museu arqueológico de Teerã; a estátua moderna de Zenóbia e sua exibição em Damasco, no ano de 2015, no contexto da guerra civil na Síria; a construção de uma estátua dedicada a Kahina, em 2003, no território argelino de Baghai e seu incêndio, em 2016, resultante de conflitos políticos e religiosos entre comunidades (árabes e berberes) e países (Argélia e França); o vídeo de destruição do Museu Arqueológico de Mossul gravado pelos militantes do DAESH em 2015; a exibição inaugural do Abu Dabi Louvre Museum, em 2017, com uma destacada presença da estatuária clássica. A estátua desempenha um papel determinante na reafirmação identitária de certos coletivos ou regimes políticos, e seu significado se constrói tanto a partir de discursos historiográficos ancorados no suposto rechaço, por parte do Islã, às representações figuradas quanto pelo conjunto de respostas que a estatuária suscita. Venerada ou destruída, a estátua forma parte de uma onda iconoclasta atual e que ressoa sobre os debates globais sobre o patrimônio, as identidades, sua representatividade e a revisão da História.

Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani, Ali Jafari-Khounigh, Hamid Sharifi et al.

Background — Travel restrictions and adhering to health protocols while traveling was among the key strategies to combat COVID-19 pandemic. Objective — The present study aims to measure and evaluate travel patterns and compliance with COVID-19 prevention protocols during traveling. Methods — In this cross-sectional study, 589 individuals from the capitals of six provinces of Iran were included in the study using the cluster sampling method. There were 40 clusters. For data analysis, the mean value of responses in each individual was calculated for each section of the questionnaire. Results — The response rate was 92% (589/640). Of all participants, 309 (52.5%) were women. The mean age of study participants was 42.84 years (SD=16.59). Among participants, 355 (60.3%) had a travel history during the COVID-19 pandemic. We revealed statistically significant relationships of the travel history with age (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), and province (P<0.001). No statistically significant relationships of the travel history with socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and occupation subgroup were detected (P>0.05). The majority of study participants (38.5%) traveled for recreational purposes. Conclusion: According to our findings, unnecessary travel was not avoided in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the participants who traveled during the COVID-19 pandemic did not follow safety precautions. Thus, some of the most important issues such as cultural influences, different risk tolerance levels among people, law enforcement, and stricter oversight by decision makers need to be taken into account.

Xiaohe Dai, Zhiyuan Huang

The emoticon picture clarity in online service encounters has been overlooked in consumer research. Our study intends to investigate how emoticon picture clarity influences consumer service satisfaction. Across four experiments and a single-paper meta-analysis, we demonstrate that when service providers use clear rather blurred emoticon pictures to communicate with consumers, consumers will have higher service satisfaction (Study 1). This effect is attributed to the higher processing fluency induced by clear emoticon pictures, which in turn triggers greater satisfaction (Studies 2 and 3). Furthermore, this effect is weakened when consumers experience cognitive load (Study 4). These findings provide novel insights into consumers' biased evaluations of service providers and offer valuable guidance for marketers to enhance online shopping services through the strategic use of emoticon pictures.

Bulbul Ahamed, Mohammad Rashed Hasan Polas, Ahmed Imran Kabir et al.

The purpose of the study is to examine how cybersecurity knowledge, password security, and self-perception of skill affect cybersecurity awareness issues via the mediating lens of cybersecurity attitude among university students in Bangladesh. A sample of 430 university students from two public and three private universities provided the data in Dhaka, Bangladesh. An approach known as stratified random sampling was used in this cross-sectional study. The positivist approach was used, and a hypothetical statistical induction technique was used. The research constructs, which were adopted from earlier studies, were measured using scales that had undergone validation. Smart PLS-SEM 3.3.9 was used to quantitatively analyze the data. The results indicated a positive and significant association between cybersecurity knowledge and password security with cybersecurity awareness. No conventional association was found between self-perception of skills and cybersecurity awareness. Moreover, the data analysis confirmed that cybersecurity attitudemediates the relationship between cybersecurity knowledge, password security and self-perception of skills with cybersecurity awareness. This study implies that more effort needs to be put into informing the general people likely students about cybersecurity and ethical internet use. Furthermore, the main contribution of this study is to emphasize the need of raising cybersecurity awareness among students.

K. O. Gusarova

The article examines the tension between the individual and the collective in current mainstream photographic practice, which is considered within the long-term historical context of commercial portraiture. The individualizing tendencies of this representational tradition as well as its status as (auto)biographical fiction were astutely analyzed by the Russian avant-garde thinkers Alexander Rodchenko and Osip Brik. Criticizing the persistence of “painterly” clichés in studio photography of their time, they saw these conventional elements as something that obscures and distorts reality, substituting for it a beautiful picture. For these leftist theorists, reality was primarily defined by the interplay of social forces, and isolating the subject within the picture frame was sufficient grounds for their disapproval. Taking up their notion of cliché applied particularly to posing, this article proposes to view it, instead, as an entry point into the usually invisible collective dimension of each individual portrait. The first section of the article discusses historical precedents to current mainstream photographic portraiture in terms of class- and gender-specific pressures on the sitters which have contributed to the homogenization of the genre’s visual canon. The suggestion to view stylistically similar images of individuals as expressing a latent collectivity is developed in the second part of the article, which analyzes Jana Romanova’s photographic series W through the theoretical framework borrowed from Lauren Berlant (“intimate public”, “female complaint”) and Gayle Letherby (“auto/biography”).

Santiago Hidalgo Martínez

A fines del siglo XIX, el sistema educativo en Argentina adoptó la idea de una lengua única. La conformación del Estado nación se apoyó en el modelo europeo, buscando construir una nacionalidad para lograr la homogeneización de los sujetos y la lengua fue utilizada como un instrumento necesario para tal fin. Para ello, diversas lenguas e identidades fueron negadas, excluidas y expulsadas hacia el otro lado de la frontera que conforma una mismidad (la «nación») construida a partir de modelos occidentales. En este sentido, las políticas que instauraron y difundieron al castellano como idioma oficial, y el establecimiento de la obligatoriedad de su enseñanza, generaron y perpetuaron desigualdad y discriminación social. Muchos intelectuales de la época han polemizado y debatido en torno al lenguaje que se debía hablar en el nuevo Estado. En este artículo se realiza la descripción y el análisis de la concepción sobre la lengua, específicamente sobre el castellano, y sobre su enseñanza por parte del intelectual Ricardo Rojas. Por otro lado, se analizan las representaciones que este expone sobre los pueblos indígenas y sobre sus lenguas. Para ello, utilizamos como fuentes La restauración nacionalista: Informe sobre educación, escrita en 1909, y Blasón de plata, publicada en 1910. Rojas postula buscar el fundamento de la conciencia nacional en España y en los pueblos indígenas, reconociéndolos como un eslabón más de nuestro pasado argentino. De esta forma, propone el estudio de sus lenguas con el propósito de enriquecer las investigaciones sobre la tradición. Esto implicó polémicos debates contra los discursos intelectuales hegemónicos de principios del siglo XX que se encuadraban en el pensamiento sarmientino y que alzaban las banderas del positivismo biologicista. No obstante, su consideración sobre los indígenas es la de sujetos primitivos, del pasado y ligados a la naturaleza más que a la civilización.

Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun, Maria P. Dias et al.

Every year, billions of birds undertake extensive migrations between breeding and non-breeding areas, facing challenges that require behavioural adjustments, particularly to flight timing and duration. Such adjustments in daily activity patterns and the influence of extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental conditions, moonlight) have received much more research attention in terrestrial than marine migrants. Taking advantage of the widespread deployment in recent decades of combined light-level geolocator-immersion loggers, we investigated diel organisation and influence of the moon on flight activities during the non-breeding season of 21 migrant seabird species from a wide taxonomic range (6 families, 3 orders). Migrant seabirds regularly stopped (to either feed or rest) during migration, unlike some terrestrial and wetland birds which fly non-stop. We found an overall increase for most seabird species in time in flight and, for several species, also in flight bout duration, during migration compared to when resident at the non-breeding grounds. Additionally, several nocturnal species spent more of the day in flight during migration than at non-breeding areas, and vice versa for diurnal species. Nocturnal time in flight tended to increase during full moon, both during migration and at the non-breeding grounds, depending on species. Our study provides an extensive overview of activity patterns of migrant seabirds, paving the way for further research on the underlying mechanisms and drivers.

Frida Itzel Gonzalez Diaz

La población infantil en algunas zonas rurales, se presenta como un sector con una potencial necesidad de realizarle estudios que contemplen la calidad de vida desde dimensiones subjetivas, debido a que son zonas consideradas como vulnerables por la alta precariedad y marginación, factores que pueden comprometer un óptimo desarrollo biopsicosocial de los niños. Abordar estudios desde una mirada cualitativa, permitirá no solo la visibilización de los niños como grupo social, sino que además aportará información desde su propia perspectiva de experimentar, interpretar y configurar el mundo que los rodea, de esta manera la información encontrada podrá ser de utilidad para fundamentar políticas públicas, programas y acciones para promover el bienestar y la calidad de vida. El siguiente escrito expone la problemática social y económica en la que se desenvuelven los niños hijos de jornaleros agrícolas, se hace una asociación de cómo estas condiciones desfavorables de carencia y marginación pueden incidir en el bienestar y la calidad de vida e influir a su vez, en la aparición de alteraciones psicológicas como la sintomatología depresiva. Se enmarca la importancia de profundizar en el estudio de la calidad de vida desde la metodología cualitativa, la cual sitúa al niño como un ser activo de la sociedad, que tiene la libertad de construir la realidad desde su mirada y con base en sus experiencias.

Abolfazl Dehghanmongabadi, Şebnem Hoşkara

Most current transportation systems around the world are cause for pressing concern and a menace to sustainability of social justice, and economic and environmental vitality. From a universal agreement that transportation needs an urgent alteration in travel modes, policies, planning, and behaviors through to the emergence of sustainability in the transportation sector, a significant and central vision has emerged to guide urban policymakers, transportation planners, and public health officials. During the last four decades, a shift in transportation modes toward use of active modes of transportation has been encouraged, and it is one of the main sustainability movements appearing in many developing and developed countries. This research provides a narrative review and parsing of existing literature, which focuses on promoting active modes of transportation. The aim is to clarify key determinative variables that must be considered by planners and policymakers toward promoting use of active modes of transportation for daily mobility.

L. Bertalanffy

Bragova Arina Mikhailovna

The article reviews the goals, tasks, methods, and results of teaching Latin at Humanities University. The article points out that the basis of teaching is analytical reading with elements of discursive analysis. In Humanities University teaching is being provided through the interdisciplinary approach. The educational process includes interactive exercises, the use various forms of control, for example, lingual-didactic testing in a virtual learning environment. The results of current and final control are formed with the help of the point-rating system of assessing knowledge.

Anne-Laure Van Bruaene

On the eve of the Beeldenstorm, a great number of churches in the Low Countries had a sacrament house, a shrine for the Corpus Christi, often metres high. These monstrance-like tabernacles were nearly all destroyed by iconoclasts between 1566 and 1585. This essay discusses the dialectics between the construction and destruction of sacrament houses before and after the Beeldenstorm.   It argues against a strict divide between material devotion and spiritual belief by highlighting the intertwining of Catholic and Calvinist embodied pieties. Fuelled by their opposing conceptions of the Eucharist, Catholic devotees and Protestant iconoclasts both engaged with sacrament houses and other expressions of the Corpus Christi devotion (processions, miracle cults et cetera) in a deliberate and intensely physical manner.   This article is part of the special issue 'Beeldenstorm'.   Aan de vooravond van de Beeldenstorm stond in heel wat kerken in de Nederlanden een sacramentshuis, een vaak metershoge toren met het uiterlijk van een reusachtige monstrans, waarin het Corpus Christi werd tentoongesteld. Deze tabernakels werden haast allemaal vernield door iconoclasten tussen 1566 en 1585. Dit artikel bestudeert het samenspel tussen het optrekken en afbreken van sacramentshuizen voor en na de Beeldenstorm.   De centrale stelling luidt dat we af moeten van een strikte scheiding tussen materiële devotie en spiritueel geloof. Zowel katholieken als calvinisten beleefden hun geloof op een belichaamde manier en hun handelingen waren steeds verweven. Vrome katholieke leken en protestantse beeldenstormers hadden sterk conflicterende ideeën over de eucharistie, maar juist daarom gingen ze op een heel bewuste en uiterst lichamelijke manier om met de sacramentshuizen en andere uitingen van sacramentsvroomheid zoals ommegangen en mirakelcultussen.   Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Beeldenstorm'.

R. Roshnath, V. Shruthi

<p>Munderikadavu is rich in avifaunal diversity. A total of 82 species of birds from 36 families belonging to 13 orders were recorded in the wetland including wetland dependant species. Lowland vegetation had the highest species richness (46 species) followed by upland (41 species), aerial (38 species), emergent vegetation (22 species) and paddy fields (21 species).  Open water had the lowest species richness. Upland vegetation had the highest species diversity (H′-3.19) followed by aerial (H′-2.52).  There was more species overlap between emergent and low land vegetations (Cm-0.7).  The threats in Munderikadavu wetland were dumping of waste and conversion of cultivation land into shrimp farming area. Thus land use changes need to be regulated in order to conserve the wetland and bird community. </p><div> </div>

E. Long,

Gilles Bienvenu

Herrera ne se réfère nulle part, dans son Historia General, aux thèses de Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda justifiant l’assujettissement des Barbares du Nouveau Monde et les moyens guerriers employés contre eux. Il ne prononce pas même son nom, ni n’évoque la controverse notoire qui l’opposa à Las Casas à Valladolid (1550-1551). Il puise en revanche assez largement dans la Historia de las Indias de Las Casas. Pour autant, sur diverses questions placées au centre du débat de Valladolid, Herrera développe une vision plus compatible avec les thèses de Sepúlveda qu’avec celles de Las Casas. Mais, travaillant à offrir une Histoire consensuelle, il s’emploie à estomper les lignes de clivage apparues lors du débat suscité par les Leyes Nuevas, et à réduire ainsi l’impression que des politiques successives et contradictoires ont parfois été déployées dans le mouvement de la Conquête. Plutôt que de rouvrir le débat sur la légitimité de la conquête, il met l’accent sur le pragmatisme des Souverains, et sur leurs efforts pour s’adapter à la diversité des situations qui se sont présentées.

Amarilio Ferreira Jr.

Este artigo tem com objetivo explicitar a importância do significado epistemológico das obras marxianas para as pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito do campo educacional brasileiro desde a institucionalização dos Programas de Pós-Graduação, em 1965. O texto está divido em duas partes: na primeira, estabelecemos uma relação entre o processo de produção do conhecimento educacional no contexto da pesquisa realizada nos Programas de Pós-Graduação e a influência das teorias marxistas durante o período de 1970 a 1980. Nessas primeiras décadas, a investigação no campo educacional foi influenciada por duas tendências teórico-metodológicas interpretativas das obras marxianas: o estruturalismo althusseriano e a concepção gramsciniana. Na segunda, sistematizamos a teoria social desenvolvida pro Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels do ponto de vista dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que são considerados válidos para o processo de investigação dos fenômenos educacionais na contemporaneidade.

Irena Selišnik