Hasil untuk "Christianity"

Amir Zeldes, Nina Speransky, Nicholas Wagner et al.

Despite recent advances in digital resources for other Coptic dialects, especially Sahidic, Bohairic Coptic, the main Coptic dialect for pre-Mamluk, late Byzantine Egypt, and the contemporary language of the Coptic Church, remains critically under-resourced. This paper presents and evaluates the first syntactically annotated corpus of Bohairic Coptic, sampling data from a range of works, including Biblical text, saints' lives and Christian ascetic writing. We also explore some of the main differences we observe compared to the existing UD treebank of Sahidic Coptic, the classical dialect of the language, and conduct joint and cross-dialect parsing experiments, revealing the unique nature of Bohairic as a related, but distinct variety from the more often studied Sahidic.

D. N. Starostin

This article advances the hypothesis that the heightened eschatological sensitivity evident among the historians writing in the 5th century and its weaker echos in the time of Charlemagne were caused by the irregularities of the the lunisolar calendar and its particular realization, the Easter calendar. The lunisolar calendar that Christians used for the calculation of the date of the Easter had a number of key periods when the cycles of the Sun and the Moon came in sync in relationship to the beginning of the count and thus produced an effect of the times repeating themselves or ending with the nearly precise astronomical repetition. It is shown that Late Antique scholars who were actively involved in the construction of the Christian history's chronology were limited in their choices by the astronomical peculiarities of the Earth-Moon system. The total conjunctions of the astronomical Solar and Lunar calendars took place, some within the 1st century CE, and the next one, in 483 CE. This was also a special year because the lunar calendar lost one day. Thus the 5th century was the time of heightened expectations of whether the calendar and the Moon's showings will repeat those that accompanied the birth of Jesus. The Full Supermoon (or whatever phase it was on December 25th, 1 BCE) may have repeated in 410 CE (the entry of Goths into Rome), in 467 CE and in 476 CE (the Fall of the Roman Empire), marking the coming of the time very similar to Jesus' birth. The Full Moon was supposed to repeat December 25th, 800 CE and in the year 1000 CE. This may have determined the setting of the biblical calendar in a way that put the birth of Christ on 5199 CE (making the year 800 CE, the year of the Full Supermoon or of its phase on December 25th, 1 BCE) a critical turning point.

Christian Deppe, Holger Boche, Rami Ezzine et al.

Sadly, our esteemed colleague and friend Ning Cai passed away on 25th May, 2023. In his memory, Ingo Althöfer, Holger Boche, Christian Deppe, Jens Stoye, Ulrich Tamm, Andreas Winter, and Raymond Yeung have organized the "Workshop on Information Theory and Related Fields" at the Bielefeld ZiF (Center for Interdisciplinary Research). This special event will be held from 24th November to 26th November, 2023. The workshop aims to celebrate Ning Cai's remarkable contributions to the field of information theory and to provide a platform for discussing current research in related areas. Ning Cai's work has had a significant impact on many domains, and this gathering will bring together colleagues, collaborators, and young researchers who have been influenced by his pioneering efforts.

Chandeepa Dissanayake, Chanuka Algama

In this work, we present an extensive analysis of clock synchronization algorithms, with a specific focus on message complexity. We begin by introducing fundamental concepts in clock synchronization, such as the Byzantine generals problem and specific concepts like clock accuracy, precision, skew, offset, timestamping, and clock drift estimation. Describing the concept of logical clocks, their implementation in distributed systems is discussed, highlighting their significance and various approaches. The paper then examines four prominent clock synchronization algorithms: Lamport's Algorithm, Ricart-Agrawala Algorithm, Vector Clocks Algorithm, and Christian's Algorithm. Special attention is given to the analysis of message complexity, providing insights into the efficiency of each algorithm. Finally, we compare the message complexities of the discussed algorithms.

Annette Potgieter

Paul often uses metaphors as a method of persuasion. In Rom 8, Paul’s use of kinship metaphors such as “sonship” and being “heirs” is particularly ubiquitous. Paul writes to an audience situated in Rome where they would have been well aware of kinship metaphors as this inter alia formed part of the Julio-Claudio Caesars’ vocabulary and legitimation of their rule. Paul’s familial metaphors would have resonated with an audience in Rome au fait with the notion of adoption and its implications. The use of the images of “sonship” and “heir” also function as spatial metaphors indicating a vertical and horizontal understanding which the audience would have picked up on. The spatial metaphors contribute to an understanding of “in” and “out”, underscoring an alternative family identity found in Christ. These metaphors play a role in the formation and construction of what is later to be called early Christianity.

Livaneysa Richinta Friskila, Imanuel Adhitya Wulanata Chrismastianto

Effective communication occurs if students understand the meaning of the message conveyed by the teacher. If the delivery made by the teacher is not good, there will be a misunderstanding. This study aims to analyse how a Christian teacher can help students learn to communicate effectively. A descriptive qualitative research methodology utilizing literature studies was employed. In the era of postmodernism presenting various truths in assessing the actions taken, it is hoped that Christian teachers will be able to have the right foundation in acting. So, it is possible to build effective communication so that teachers, serving as guides, can understand and appreciate the needs of students, use media, explain messages clearly, and be humble. The conclusion is that Christian teachers as guides can have the right value of truth in building effective communication, namely looking at students as images of God. This is in line with the characteristic of Christian ethics, namely love. So, Christian teachers can love students so that they develop their abilities as a form of responsibility for the potential given by God. One of the ways that teachers do this is by choosing words in delivering messages to students related to assignments. The advice given is to choose a theory that is relevant to effective communication problems in learning so that it can analyze more deeply and find concrete solutions that can be applied to the role of teachers as guides. Bahasa Indonesia Abstract  Komunikasi yang efektif terjadi ketika siswa memahami maksud dari pesan yang disampaikan oleh guru. Jika penyampaian yang dilakukan oleh guru tidak baik, maka akan terjadi kesalahpahaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana seorang guru Kristen dapat membantu murid-muridnya untuk belajar berkomunikasi secara efektif. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan studi literatur. Di era postmodernisme yang menghadirkan berbagai kebenaran dalam menilai tindakan yang dilakukan, diharapkan para guru Kristen dapat memiliki dasar yang benar dalam bertindak. Dengan demikian, dimungkinkan untuk membangun komunikasi yang efektif sehingga guru yang berperan sebagai penuntun dapat memahami dan menghargai kebutuhan siswa, menggunakan media, menjelaskan pesan dengan jelas, dan rendah hati. Kesimpulannya adalah guru Kristen sebagai penuntun dapat memiliki nilai kebenaran yang tepat dalam membangun komunikasi yang efektif, yaitu memandang siswa sebagai gambar Allah. Hal ini sejalan dengan ciri khas etika Kristen, yaitu kasih. Jadi, guru Kristen dapat mengasihi murid agar mereka mengembangkan kemampuannya sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab atas potensi yang diberikan Tuhan. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan guru adalah dengan memilih kata-kata dalam menyampaikan pesan kepada siswa terkait tugas. Saran yang diberikan adalah memilih teori yang relevan dengan masalah komunikasi efektif dalam pembelajaran sehingga dapat menganalisa lebih dalam dan menemukan solusi konkrit yang dapat diterapkan pada peran guru sebagai penuntun.

Kókai Sándor

Szegedtől dél-délkeleti irányban, a Tisza és a Maros folyó találkozásától az Aranka (Harangod) vonaláig bezárt „háromszögben” terül el a Kárpát-medence egyik kevésbé ismert középtája, a Marosszög. A Marosszög természetföldrajzi értelemben az Alsó-Tisza vidékének — s egyben a Bánságnak mint történeti földrajzi régiónak — mintegy 1500 km2-nyi kiterjedésű mezorégiója, amely Trianon óta Szerbia, Románia és Magyarország határ menti perifériája. A régió szerepét a Kárpát-medence földrajzi munkamegosztásában évszázadokon keresztül stratégiai helyzete határozta meg. E tekintetben kiemelkedett a Maros folyó nagy régiókat összekötő tranzit szerepe és a Szeged–Temesvár közötti kapcsolatokat realizáló — a régión áthaladó — szárazföldi úthálózat jelentősége.

Martí Colom

Peter Singer's main interest has been practical ethics. At the level of normative ethics, Singer's moral philosophy has undergone two stages. The paper asks whether the changes at the level of normative ethics allow the Singer of the second stage to maintain the practical ethics approaches of his first stage, as he has done and as is paradigmatically shown in the successive editions of his famous book Practical Ethics. To this end, the first and second Singer's treatment of the question of the moral consideration of abortion and murder is confronted with a fairly widespread intuition, namely that murder is more serious than abortion. The conclusion is that the second Singer, unlike the first, cannot maintain his commitment to that intuition, and that Practical Ethics therefore requires an update. Finally, some possible ways in which Singer might address this situation are tentatively explored.

Tewodros Amdeberhan, Christoph Koutschan, Doron Zeilberger

In this {\it case study}, we hope to show why Sheldon Axler was not just wrong, but {\em wrong}, when he urged, in 1995: ``Down with Determinants!''. We first recall how determinants are useful in enumerative combinatorics, and then illustrate three versatile tools (Dodgson's condensation, the holonomic ansatz and constant term evaluations) to operate in tandem to prove a certain intriguing determinantal formula conjectured by the first author. We conclude with a postscript describing yet another, much more efficient, method for evaluating determinants: `ask determinant-guru, Christian Krattenthaler', but advise people only to use it as a last resort, since if we would have used this last method right away, we would not have had the fun of doing it all by ourselves.

Desmond Weisenberg

An additive-multiplicative magic square is a square grid of numbers whose rows, columns, and long diagonals all have the same sum (called the magic sum) and the same product (called the magic product). There are numerous open problems about magic squares by Christian Boyer on multimagie.com. One such problem is to construct or prove the impossibility of a $5 \times 5$ or $6 \times 6$ additive-multiplicative magic square of distinct positive integers. Here, we present a possible approach to this problem and some partial results. We observe that such a square can be described by a form determined by the prime factorizations of its entries and that identifying these forms might be helpful in finding such a square or ruling out specific magic products.

Jean-Marie Malherbe, Florence Cornu, Isabelle Bualé

Systematic observations of the chromosphere and the photosphere started in Meudon Observatory 115 years ago with Deslandres spectroheliograph. An exceptional collection of more than 100 000 monochromatic images in CaII K and H$α$ spanning more than 10 solar cycles is proposed to the international community by the BASS2000 solar database. We started in 2023 a ''PRO-AM'' collaboration between professional and amateur astronomers with the Solar Explorer (SOLEX), a compact and high quality spectroheliograph designed by Christian Buil, in order to record images every day, and several times per day, owing to tens of observing stations in various places. This paper summarizes the scientific objectives and provides practical and technical information to amateurs willing to join the observing network.

F.C. Uroko

This article reviews the literature on how religious leaders in Nigeria have become complacent and conspire in the corrupt activities of members of their congregations. Church leaders, who are meant to be guardians of ethics and morality, have lost it and are now dining with and covering people of dubious character. Some of these young people who engage in money rituals give money to these pastors, who accept it without inquiry. These young people are revered in the church and receive special prayers and honours. Others, who aspire to the same honours, seek ways to generate quick cash. This study investigates the role of church leaders in the growing ritual activities among Nigerian youths. It concludes by admonishing church leaders to emulate the life of Jesus, who was not afraid to speak the truth to the people whom he was shepherding.  

Antonio Moreno Almárcegui, Germán Scalzo

El presente artículo realiza un análisis de la evolución de la iconografía de la Virgen en España a partir del estudio de las advocaciones de la Virgen en más de mil santuarios y ermitas marianos entre el siglo V y el siglo XIX. Aunque en los primeros años predominan las advocaciones topográficas, a partir de los siglos XIV-XVI se hacen mayoritarias las advocaciones personales que presentan a María como modelo a imitar o mediadora entre Dios y los hombres. Finalmente, a partir del siglo XVII, ganan fuerza las advocaciones que presentan a María como intercesora poderosa, especialmente en el marco de las grandes ciudades, donde se ha desarrollado la lógica mercantil, lo que parece presentar la voluntad de María como arquetipo de la libertad contractual, aquella que da pie al consentimiento. A cambio, sugerimos que el desarrollo de la lógica mercantil tendió a desplazar la racionalidad propia de la lógica del don, especialmente, del don maternal que María encarnaba.

Timothy Y. Chow

Some Christian apologists, notably William Lane Craig, have championed something called the kalam cosmological argument for the existence of God. One version of the argument leans heavily on the claim that the existence of an actual infinite in the physical world is a metaphysical impossibility. We strongly criticize this claim, showing that it involves dogmatically insisting that certain metaphysical premises are absolutely inviolable, when in fact said premises are not only optional, but are far flimsier than other metaphysical claims (eventually shown to be untenable) that great thinkers of the past, including Einstein, have misguidedly clung to. While our criticisms strike most mathematicians and physicists as straightforward and uncontroversial, they have encountered resistance from philosophers, suggesting that there is a communication gap between the scientific and philosophical communities. We hope this paper will help bridge that gap.

Aäron Vanspauwen, Anthony Dupont

This article proposes a methodology for the study of Manichaeism in the Sermones ad populum. Sermons provide a unique perspective on Augustine’s thought: they offered him the opportunity to share theological and ethical concerns with a responsive audience. Because his sermons have only recently been (re-)discovered as loci of Augustine’s ideas, and because they constitute a specific genre within his oeuvre, the development of a method for studying them is in order. To illustrate the proposed method, the present contribution examines anti-Manichaean content in the Sermones ad populum by means of two key concepts. The first concept is that of crypto-Manichaeism. Although they do not refute Manichaeism in its totality, the sermons are regularly concerned with specific aspects of Manichaeism, such as those that were relevant to the sermon’s liturgical occasion or those Augustine feared were attractive to his flock. Crypto-Manichaeism refers, on the one hand, to the tendency of Manichaeans to refrain from openly identifying themselves as such. After all, they considered themselves true Christians. Nor was Manichaeism the only movement in late antique Christianity that espoused dualistic beliefs, rejected bodily desires and material wealth, and criticized the Old Testament. Anti-Manichaean argument was therefore more broadly applicable than refutation of Manichaeism stricto sensu. Our attention to crypto-Manichaeism therefore does justice to the pastoral and exhortative function of Augustine’s sermons. A second key concept is the perspective of the audience. The setting of each sermon is unique, the composition of audiences varied, and attendance no doubt fluctuated. Each sermon ought to be considered as its own literary and theological whole, hermeneutically influenced by its concrete Sitz im Leben (i.e., composition of the audience, time and place, liturgical setting, etc.). The audience’s theology can be reconstructed in a bottom-up fashion, with each sermon supplying complementary and cumulative theological information that the audience could have gathered by participating in the liturgy. In this article we apply the proposed methodology to a group of four early anti-Manichaean sermons.

Dennis Lee Sansom

This paper presents a justification for a Christian theodicy. It starts by critiquing William H. Gass’s depiction of Christianity as superstitious, ignorant, and evil. It shows that his view is based on a caricature (that is, God as a quasi-gnostic Demiurge) of the Christian understanding of God and evil and totally ignores and misses the contributions of (what I call) the Classical View of theodicy within the Christian intellectual tradition (that is, from Origen to Karl Barth). I also evaluate the underlying nihilism of Gass’s writings as self-refuting and furthermore argue that a Christian theodicy overcomes this nihilism and encourages a “vocation of the good”.

Susan Quindag

I was 13 years old when I heard Judy Collins’ rendition of “Amazing Grace” over the radio. At that time, I thought it was an unusual song to be played over a rock station. Collins sang the first verse with a pure yet moving vocal quality unaccompanied until the second verse when an unpretentious-sounding choir joined her. I was immediately mesmerized by the sound, even though I did not understand the meaning of the text. However, after embracing Christianity, “Amazing Grace” has been a wonderful companion and master teacher throughout my journey. In this transcendent autoethnography, I answer the research question, “What does spirituality sound like?” by using “Amazing Grace”. I describe how this hymn played a role in my early Christian life when it caused me to consider biblical truth. Then, I explore the lessons I learned about biblical grace. From a music educator’s perspective, I discuss my fundamental belief that “spiritual music is relationship” and show how “Amazing Grace” is a model for the sound of spirituality. I conclude with the prose of seven biblical reflections on what spirituality sounds like—a sound that leads us to a profound relationship with God.

Daria E. Maltseva

The article examines the icons recently discovered in private, museum and church collections with the monogram “K.M.” on the backside, all dated around the 1890s. Based on a comparative analysis of these inscriptions with the signed icon by Konstantin Moseichev from the collection of the Kirov local history museum, his authorship was established in relation to the entire group of the examined pieces. In this article their existence among the Old Believers Fedoseevtsy (after Feodosiy Vasilyev (1661 — 1711) is traced and the conclusion is drawn that the icon painter belongs to the masters of the Transfiguration almshouse in Moscow.

Anthony Yaw Badu, Jonathan E.T. Kuwornu-Adjaottor

The quest for the identification of the fruitless branch has been an enduring theological battleground between the Calvinists and the Arminians who argue as to whether or not the removal of the fruitless branch indicates the loss of eternal salvation. Using a qualitative approach, this study sought to examine the various interpretations on the eternal security of the believer with a focus on three phrases in the passage namely; ἐν ἐμοὶ, (in me) and airō (cut off) and μείνατε ἐν ἐμοί (abide in me). Findings show that the analogy of the vine is a critique to the belief of once saved, forever saved because of the use of “in me” and the “cutting off” of the fruitless branch which cannot happen without a prior linkage to the stem of the vine. Since the fruitless branch can only represent one of the various views, it is recommended that fruitfulness should be the key to one’s walk with the Lord to avoid eternal separation

Moorad Alexanian

Both Albert Einstein and Erwin Schrödinger have defined what science is. Einstein includes not only physics, but also all natural sciences dealing with both organic and inorganic processes in his definition of science. According to Schrödinger, the present scientific worldview is based on the two basic attitudes of comprehensibility and objectivation. On the other hand, the notion of religion is quite equivocal and unless clearly defined will easily lead to all sorts of misunderstandings. Does science, as defined, encompass the whole of reality? More importantly, what is the whole of reality and how do we obtain data for it? The Christian worldview considers a human as body, mind, and spirit (soul), which is consistent with Cartesian ontology of only three elements: matter, mind, and God. Therefore, is it possible to give a precise definition of science showing that the conflicts are actually apparent and not real?