Hasil untuk "Business ethics"

T. Beauchamp, N. Bowie

Found in this Section: 1. Overview of Changes 2. Chapter-by-Chapter Changes 1. Overview of Changes * The 9th edition is thoroughly updated to reflect the best new work in the field and important new trends in business ethics. * New case studies on recent business ethics scandals such as the financial crisis, Wall Street ethics, gay and lesbian rights at work, and the BP Deepwater Horizon disaster are included. (ex. p. 196) * International business ethics issues have been woven throughout the chapters. (ex. p. 536) * MySearchLab with eText can be packaged with this text. * MySearchLab provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. * eText - Just like the printed text, you can highlight and add notes to the eText or download it to your iPad. * Assessment - Chapter quizzes and flashcards offer immediate feedback and report directly to the gradebook. * Writing and Research - A wide range of writing, grammar and research tools and access to a variety of academic journals, census data, Associated Press newsfeeds, and discipline-specific readings help you hone your writing and research skills. * Ebsco's ContentSelect - With Ebsco's ContentSelect, students get 24-hour access to abstracts and full-text articles from thousands of scholarly and popular periodicals, including Newsweek, National Review, and USA Today's Magazine - all grouped and organized by subject area. * Research Tutorial - When students click on the research button in MySearchLab, they get a step-by-step tutorial for the entire research process, including understanding the assignment, finding a topic, creating effective notes, how to form a paradigm, and understand and finding source material. * YouDecide - YouDecide activities provide opposing viewpoints in a series of issue-centered debates with accompanying video resources. * Create a Custom Text: For enrollments of at least 25, create your own textbook by combining chapters from best-selling Pearson textbooks and/or reading selections in the sequence you want. To begin building your custom text, visit www.pearsoncustomlibrary.com. You may also work with a dedicated Pearson Custom editor to create your ideal text-publishing your own original content or mixing and matching Pearson content. Contact your Pearson Publisher's Representative to get started. 2. Chapter-by-Chapter Changes Chapter 1: Ethical Theory and Business Practice * This introductory chapter has been thoroughly updated. * Three new case studies facilitate discussion of ethical theories. Chapter 2: The Purpose of the Corporation * New coverage of ethical cultures and moral responsibility is included. * New case on BP and the Deepwater Horizon disaster is featured. Chapter 3: Ethical Treatment of Employees * New coverage of whistle-blowing is included in this chapter. Chapter 4: Diversity and Discrimination in the Workplace * The coverage of affirmative action and diversity has been updated. * A new case on gay and lesbian rights at work is featured. Chapter 5: Marketing and the Disclosure of Information * This chapter features expanded coverage of pharmaceutical marketing. Chapter 6: Ethical Issues in Finance and Accounting * New coverage of Wall Street ethics, insider trading, and predatory lending and the financial crisis is included. Chapter 7: Ethical Issues Regarding Emerging Technologies * New coverage of social media and internet privacy is included. Chapter 8: Environmental Sustainability * Three new articles on environmental sustainability are featured. * New cases on best practices in sustainability are included. Chapter 9: Ethical Issues in International Business * Updated articles and cases are included. Chapter 10: Social and Economic Justice * New coverage of the financial crisis and executive competition is included. * New case studies on base of the pyramid strategies are featured.

K. Goodpaster

Sanjay Kumar Singh, Jin Chen, M. Giudice et al.

In an era of increased stakeholder pressure for sustainable environmental management practices at workplace, organization should adopt and implement environmental ethics for seamless synergy amongst the needs of the business, the society, and the planet. Our study used resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities (DC) theoretical lenses to examine hypotheses derived from extant literature on the linkages amongst environmental ethics, environmental training, environmental performance and competitive advantage. Using survey questionnaire, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) on 364 valid responses from managers to examine the hypotheses. The findings of our study will stir up researcher's curiosity to unravel the human side of environmental management and that will surely steer future researches in significant directions. Results suggest that environmental ethics influences environmental training, environmental performance and competitive advantage. We also found that environmental training to employees mediates the influence of environmental ethics on firm's environmental performance and competitive advantage. The findings of the study implies that organizational approach towards environmental ethical practices at workplace should be not be reactive but proactive with intentions to create and sustain synergy amongst the triads namely, profits, the society, and the environment. Environmental training should not be one-off event but a continuous process to beat competitions and improve environmental performance in the organization.

SPULBAR LUCIAN

The relationship between legal systems and artificial intelligence decision-making in managing business organizations is becoming increasingly crucial in light of fast-paced technological progress and growing legal complexities. The topic for this research is the role of binding legal norms, exemplified by the EU’s AI Act and data governance laws, in both directly and indirectly conditioning managerial decisions through artificial intelligence systems. The study will be conducted through qualitative comparative research on large global organizations operating in high-risk business environments and will isolate instances of patterns and trends in managing legal risks through artificial intelligence systems and processes. The research will draw on semi-structured, qualitative research on views obtained from compliance professionals, artificial intelligence software engineers, and CXO personnel, and on content and text analysis of corporate governance reports to evaluate the effectiveness of legal compliance in altering organizational behavior patterns. The research will show how legal systems are no longer external influences on business organizations, as they are increasingly being constitutive of organizational behavior through various internal mechanisms, including accountability algorithms, legal risk software, and cross-functional ethics committees, thereby increasingly subjecting artificial intelligence decision processes to a set of legally informed constraints and determinations. This will show how this synthesis of artificial intelligence decision systems and legal systems is leading to a paradigm shift in management decisions and inference, thereby leading to greater resilience and greater trust building in corporate organizations by increasingly positioning the law as a resource, and thereby leading to greater confidence and trust and trust-building in artificial corporate management systems.

Luca Di Bella, Jan Bürger, Markus Demleitner et al.

This workshop report from "Shaping the Digital Future of ErUM Research: Sustainability & Ethics" (Aachen, 2025) reviews progress on sustainability measures in data-intensive ErUM-Data research since the 2023 call-to-action on resource-aware research. It evaluates short-, medium-, and long-term actions around monitoring and reducing CO2 emissions, improving data and software FAIRness, optimizing workflows and computing infrastructures, and aligning operations with low-carbon energy availability, including concepts such as "breathing" computing centers, long-term data storage strategies, and software efficiency certification. The report stresses the need for systematic teaching, training, mentoring, and new support formats to establish sustainable coding and computing practices, particularly among students and early-career researchers, and highlights the importance of dedicated steering and funding instruments to embed sustainability in project planning. Ethical discussions focus on the transformative use of AI in ErUM-Data, addressing autonomy, bias, transparency, explainability, attribution of responsibility, and the risk of deskilling, while reaffirming that accountability for scientific outcomes remains with human researchers. Finally, the report emphasizes that sustainable transformation requires not only technical measures but also targeted awareness-building, communication strategies, incentives, and community-driven initiatives to move from awareness to action and to integrate sustainability and ethics into everyday scientific practice.

Mercedes del Pilar Díaz Cueva

El cuidador informal (mujer en el 55-89% de los casos) experimenta una mayor carga multidimensional conforme se aproxima la muerte del enfermo, lo que añade sufrimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue reconocer el perfil de las cuidadoras de familiares que se encuentran al final de la vida, desde la ética del cuidado, en la literatura actual. Para ello se han utilizado buscadores: Scielo, PUBMED, Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, ResearchGate, Google Scholar y CINAHL. Se encontraron 10 artículos en español, inglés y portugués; se integró literatura de Suiza, una colaboración Nigeria-Uganda-Zimbabwe, Turquía, Brasil, España, Colombia, Reino Unido, Islandia, Noruega. De este análisis se deduce que la cuidadora familiar —ya sea dentro del hogar o vinculada a una profesión como la enfermería— es la principal responsable del cuidado de las personas vulnerables (enfermos, discapacitados), independientemente del país de origen, según la literatura revisada. Y concluimos de este análisis que el bienestar, la calidad de vida y preservación de la dignidad del cuidador informal fundamentan el acompañamiento integral del enfermo, con apoyo de cuidados paliativos, generación de políticas sanitarias procuidador, generando un trato más humano y compasivo.

Putu Ayu Diah Widari Putri, Nyoman Yudha Astriayu Widyari, Ida Ayu Komang Tiara Pratistha Sari

Dalam era bisnis yang semakin kompleks dan kompetitif, Artificial Intelligence (AI) menjadi alat strategis yang mampu meningkatkan kecepatan, akurasi, dan objektivitas dalam pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. Namun, pemanfaatannya juga menimbulkan tantangan etis yang signifikan, seperti isu transparansi, bias algoritmik, akuntabilitas, dan privasi data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam perilaku pengambilan keputusan terhadap etika bisnis dan keberlanjutan organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur yang digunakan sebagai metode penelitian yang menyeluruh, melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis artikel-artikel yang terkait dengan topik dari berbagai sumber akademik dari Tahun 2021 hingga 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman etika oleh manajer berpengaruh besar terhadap kualitas keputusan yang diambil, terutama dalam memastikan bahwa penerapan AI mendukung keberlanjutan organisasi serta memperhatikan aspek sosial dan lingkungan. AI berkontribusi pada optimalisasi sumber daya, pengurangan dampak lingkungan, peningkatan inovasi sosial, serta efisiensi operasional. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya integrasi nilai-nilai etis dalam strategi adopsi teknologi untuk membangun organisasi yang tidak hanya kompetitif, tetapi juga bertanggung jawab secara sosial. Penelitian ini juga merekomendasikan perlunya pengembangan kerangka kebijakan internal yang mengatur penerapan AI secara etis dan berkelanjutan dalam organisasi.   In an increasingly complex and competitive business era, AI has become a strategic tool that can increase the speed, accuracy, and objectivity of data-based decision-making. However, its use also poses significant ethical challenges, such as issues of transparency, algorithmic bias, accountability, and data privacy. This study aims to examine the impact of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in decision-making behavior on business ethics and organizational sustainability. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach used as a comprehensive research method, involving the collection and analysis of articles related to the topic from various academic sources from 2021 to 2025. The results of the study indicate that managers' understanding of ethics has a significant impact on the quality of decisions taken, especially in ensuring that the implementation of AI supports organizational sustainability and pays attention to social and environmental aspects. AI contributes to resource optimization, reducing environmental impacts, increasing social innovation, and operational efficiency. These findings underscore the importance of integrating ethical values ??into technology adoption strategies to build organizations that are not only competitive but also socially responsible. This study also recommends the need to develop an internal policy framework that regulates the ethical and sustainable implementation of AI in organizations.

Alina Yefimenko, Veronika Malaniuk, Murad Bagirzadeh et al.

In the context of Ukraine’s ongoing digital transformation and persistent governance challenges, understanding the role of digitalisation in combating corruption is both timely and essential. As the country intensifies efforts to modernise its public sector and attract international support, digital tools have emerged as critical instruments for enhancing transparency and institutional accountability. This study aims to assess the impact of digitalisation and technological development on corruption processes in Ukraine between 2005 and 2023. The analysis is based on data from the World Bank and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Using structural equation modelling and principal component analysis, the study constructs latent indicators for corruption, digitalisation, and technological development, and explores the relationships among these factors through a system of structural equations. Data were standardised, normalised, and tested for robustness and model adequacy using various statistical criteria. The findings reveal a strong inverse relationship between digitalisation and corruption: a one-unit increase in digitalisation reduces the corruption index by 0.646 units. Technological development indirectly contributes to corruption reduction by enhancing digital capacity, with a 1% rise in technological indicators leading to a 0.263-unit increase in digitalisation. Key drivers include ICT infrastructure, research and development expenditure, and innovation activity among enterprises. The model confirms that digital reforms in Ukraine are not only effective in curbing corruption but are also statistically sound and policy-relevant, reinforcing the importance of continued investment in digital governance as a core anti-corruption strategy.

Nora Ellen Groce, Samia Hurst, Laura Catalina Izquierdo Martínez et al.

Objectives To identified the core components of professional ethics for medical sign language interpreters and develop a framework based on empirical data from Colombian sign language (CSL) interpreters.Design Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used in this qualitative study, which involved conducting semistructured interviews to CSL interpreters. Inductive data analysis was performed using the constant comparative method, where data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously. Transcriptional coding was performed line by line, and the data results were organised into themes and subthemes.Setting The research was conducted in Colombia.Participants A total of 17 CSL interpreters were included.Results We identified key themes (confidentiality, privacy, professionalism, business practices and professional development). Our data analyses show the need for codes of conduct and establishment of professional codes of ethics for sign language interpreters working in a health context. The proposed framework addresses the challenges within the professional ethics of sign language interpreters in healthcare.Conclusions These findings offer unique insights into the ethical experiences of CSL interpreters. This framework can be a valuable reference for interpreters facing ethical dilemmas. The clarity of ethical considerations is crucial for overcoming barriers to healthcare for the D/deaf population. The identified ethical issues underscore the necessity of education, training and the establishment of codes of ethics and legislation for sign language interpreters. These findings can serve as a foundational reference for crafting ethical guidelines for sign language interpreters in other low- and middle-income countries.

Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Joel Seah Jiehao, Stephen R. Latham et al.

Institutional review boards (IRBs) play a crucial role in ensuring the ethical conduct of human subjects research, but face challenges including inconsistency, delays, and inefficiencies. We propose the development and implementation of application-specific large language models (LLMs) to facilitate IRB review processes. These IRB-specific LLMs would be fine-tuned on IRB-specific literature and institutional datasets, and equipped with retrieval capabilities to access up-to-date, context-relevant information. We outline potential applications, including pre-review screening, preliminary analysis, consistency checking, and decision support. While addressing concerns about accuracy, context sensitivity, and human oversight, we acknowledge remaining challenges such as over-reliance on AI and the need for transparency. By enhancing the efficiency and quality of ethical review while maintaining human judgment in critical decisions, IRB-specific LLMs offer a promising tool to improve research oversight. We call for pilot studies to evaluate the feasibility and impact of this approach.

Octavian M. Machidon

This paper examines the ethical and anthropological challenges posed by AI-driven recommender systems (RSs), which increasingly shape digital environments and social interactions. By curating personalized content, RSs do not merely reflect user preferences but actively construct experiences across social media, entertainment platforms, and e-commerce. Their influence raises concerns over privacy, autonomy, and mental well-being, while existing approaches such as "algorethics" - the effort to embed ethical principles into algorithmic design - remain insufficient. RSs inherently reduce human complexity to quantifiable profiles, exploit user vulnerabilities, and prioritize engagement over well-being. The paper advances a three-dimensional framework for human-centered RSs, integrating policies and regulation, interdisciplinary research, and education. These strategies are mutually reinforcing: research provides evidence for policy, policy enables safeguards and standards, and education equips users to engage critically. By connecting ethical reflection with governance and digital literacy, the paper argues that RSs can be reoriented to enhance autonomy and dignity rather than undermine them.

Md. Jahidul Islam Razin, Md. Abdul Karim, M. F. Mridha et al.

Business sentiment analysis (BSA) is one of the significant and popular topics of natural language processing. It is one kind of sentiment analysis techniques for business purposes. Different categories of sentiment analysis techniques like lexicon-based techniques and different types of machine learning algorithms are applied for sentiment analysis on different languages like English, Hindi, Spanish, etc. In this paper, long short-term memory (LSTM) is applied for business sentiment analysis, where a recurrent neural network is used. An LSTM model is used in a modified approach to prevent the vanishing gradient problem rather than applying the conventional recurrent neural network (RNN). To apply the modified RNN model, product review dataset is used. In this experiment, 70\% of the data is trained for the LSTM and the rest 30\% of the data is used for testing. The result of this modified RNN model is compared with other conventional RNN models, and a comparison is made among the results. It is noted that the proposed model performs better than the other conventional RNN models. Here, the proposed model, i.e., the modified RNN model approach has achieved around 91.33\% of accuracy. By applying this model, any business company or e-commerce business site can identify the feedback from their customers about different types of products that customers like or dislike. Based on the customer reviews, a business company or e-commerce platform can evaluate its marketing strategy.

Jiaxing Wang, Yifeng Yu, Jiahan Song et al.

Next activity prediction represents a fundamental challenge for optimizing business processes in service-oriented architectures such as microservices environments, distributed enterprise systems, and cloud-native platforms, which enables proactive resource allocation and dynamic service composition. Despite the prevalence of sequence-based methods, these approaches fail to capture non-sequential relationships that arise from parallel executions and conditional dependencies. Even though graph-based approaches address structural preservation, they suffer from homogeneous representations and static structures that apply uniform modeling strategies regardless of individual process complexity characteristics. To address these limitations, we introduce RLHGNN, a novel framework that transforms event logs into heterogeneous process graphs with three distinct edge types grounded in established process mining theory. Our approach creates four flexible graph structures by selectively combining these edges to accommodate different process complexities, and employs reinforcement learning formulated as a Markov Decision Process to automatically determine the optimal graph structure for each specific process instance. RLHGNN then applies heterogeneous graph convolution with relation-specific aggregation strategies to effectively predict the next activity. This adaptive methodology enables precise modeling of both sequential and non-sequential relationships in service interactions. Comprehensive evaluation on six real-world datasets demonstrates that RLHGNN consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, it maintains an inference latency of approximately 1 ms per prediction, representing a highly practical solution suitable for real-time business process monitoring applications. The source code is available at https://github.com/Joker3993/RLHGNN.

Cielo Gonzalez Moyano, Finn Klessascheck, Saimir Bala et al.

Business Process Management (BPM) is mostly centered around finding technical solutions. Nudging is an approach from psychology and behavioral economics to guide people's behavior. In this paper, we show how nudging can be integrated into the different phases of the BPM lifecycle. Further, we outline how nudging can be an alternative strategy for more sustainable business processes. We show how the integration of nudging offers significant opportunities for process mining and business process management in general to be more human-centric. We also discuss challenges that come with the adoption of nudging.

Mykola Makhortykh

The growing application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of information retrieval (IR) affects different domains, including cultural heritage. By facilitating organisation and retrieval of large volumes of heritage-related content, AI-driven IR systems inform users about a broad range of historical phenomena, including genocides (e.g. the Holocaust). However, it is currently unclear to what degree IR systems are capable of dealing with multiple ethical challenges associated with the curation of genocide-related information. To address this question, this chapter provides an overview of ethical challenges associated with the human curation of genocide-related information using a three-part framework inspired by Belmont criteria (i.e. curation challenges associated with respect for individuals, beneficence and justice/fairness). Then, the chapter discusses to what degree the above-mentioned challenges are applicable to the ways in which AI-driven IR systems deal with genocide-related information and what can be the potential ways of bridging AI and memory ethics in this context.

Mustafa M. Soumadi

Inventions do not come in one format, so the right holder varies according to the occasion it reaches them. Only the financial rights are transferred to employers while the moral rights remain in the interest of inventors, as they are among rights closely related to personality and may not be waived with or without compensation. The worker's information, which is mainly associated with the establishment activity, becomes a weapon against employers if it falls into the hands of their competitors. Therefore, this research paper aimed to clarify what is meant by the worker and the employer, then define the invention types that the worker reaches during the implementation of the work contract. The study aims to distinguish labor law from other laws and then clarify the laws regulating the protection of workers’ inventions, their consequences, and what rules apply to it. The study also describes the legal effects that result before and after reaching the invention, as well as the rights and obligations of each party. This study followed the analytical approach of texts to get study results. Results showed that there are differences in the trademarks granted to foreign students, which necessitate attention in the applications granted to resident Jordanians and showed that there are differences for patents granted to foreign applications. Results also showed that Jordanian legislator came with a ruling that differs from what was stated in the Saudi law and the Omani patent law because the provisions of the Jordanian law talked about the case of accidental inventions and free inventions only. The study recommended adding some items to laws and legislations to be enforced in Jordan and deleting some texts and phrases that harm inventors. The study also recommends necessity to amend the text of article (22/b) of Jordanian labor law by deleting the phrase (unless otherwise agreed in writing) and replacing it with the phrase (and any agreement to the contrary is considered void).

Marissa Collins, Micaela Mazzei, Rachel Baker et al.

Abstract Background There is an international move towards greater integration of health and social care to cope with the increasing demand on services.. In Scotland, legislation was passed in 2014 to integrate adult health and social care services resulting in the formation of 31 Health and Social Care Partnerships (HSCPs). Greater integration does not eliminate resource scarcity and the requirement to make (resource) allocation decisions to meet the needs of local populations. There are different perspectives on how to facilitate and improve priority setting in health and social care organisations with limited resources, but structured processes at the local level are still not widely implemented. This paper reports on work with new HSCPs in Scotland to develop a combined multi-disciplinary priority setting and resource allocation framework. Methods To develop the combined framework, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to determine the key principles and approaches to priority setting from economics, decision-analysis, ethics and law, and attempts to combine such approaches. Co-production of the combined framework involved a multi-disciplinary workshop including local, and national-level stakeholders and academics to discuss and gather their views. Results The key findings from the literature review and the stakeholder workshop were taken to produce a final combined framework for priority setting and resource allocation. This is underpinned by principles from economics (opportunity cost), decision science (good decisions), ethics (justice) and law (fair procedures). It outlines key stages in the priority setting process, including: framing the question, looking at current use of resources, defining options and criteria, evaluating options and criteria, and reviewing each stage. Each of these has further sub-stages and includes a focus on how the combined framework interacts with the consultation and involvement of patients, public and the wider staff. Conclusions The integration agenda for health and social care is an opportunity to develop and implement a combined framework for setting priorities and allocating resources fairly to meet the needs of the population. A key aim of both integration and the combined framework is to facilitate the shifting of resources from acute services to the community.

Norton Nohama, Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva

Este artigo parte de uma questão central na Bioética Global de Van Rensselaer Potter: como aplicá-la à realidade concreta? Hipotenizamos que uma possibilidade de resposta poderia ser vislumbrada convergindo os seus elementos centrais com o caminho hermenêutico percorrido pelo autor a partir de seu “lugar de fala”. Metodologicamente, adotamos uma investigação crítico-analítica da sua obra. Discutimos que para além da originalidade da proposta, ela requer um novo olhar e um outro agir, envolve um caminho pragmático, ousado, uma linguagem própria e uma metodologia sui generis que precisa ser adequadamente compreendida. Concluímos que a obra de Potter, como ele próprio parece sugerir, não encerra em si um sistema bioético pronto e acabado, mas antes disso, um método para o construir, a partir do qual é possível a sua aplicação.

M. Salman Shaukat, J. -C. Põder, Sebastian Bader et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) based assistive systems, so called intelligent assistive technology (IAT) are becoming increasingly ubiquitous by each day. IAT helps people in improving their quality of life by providing intelligent assistance based on the provided data. A few examples of such IATs include self-driving cars, robot assistants and smart-health management solutions. However, the presence of such autonomous entities poses ethical challenges concerning the stakeholders involved in using these systems. There is a lack of research when it comes to analysing how such IAT adheres to provided ethical regulations due to ethical, logistic and cost issues associated with such an analysis. In the light of the above-mentioned problem statement and issues, we present a method to measure the ethicality of an assistive system. To perform this task, we utilised our simulation tool that focuses on modelling navigation and assistance of Persons with Dementia (PwD) in indoor environments. By utilising this tool, we analyse how well different assistive strategies adhere to provided ethical regulations such as autonomy, justice and beneficence of the stakeholders.

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Ludo Visschers

This paper studies the extent to which the cyclicality of occupational mobility shapes that of aggregate unemployment and its duration distribution. We document the relation between workers' occupational mobility and unemployment duration over the long run and business cycle. To interpret this evidence, we develop a multi-sector business cycle model with heterogenous agents. The model is quantitatively consistent with several important features of the US labor market: procyclical gross and countercyclical net occupational mobility, the large volatility of unemployment and the cyclical properties of the unemployment duration distribution, among many others. Our analysis shows that occupational mobility due to workers; changing career prospects, and not occupation-wide differences, interacts with aggregate conditions to drive the fluctuations of the unemployment duration distribution and the aggregate unemployment rate.