Hasil untuk "Environmental sciences"

B. Malinowski, R. Redfield

E. Epstein, J. Norlyn, D. W. Rush et al.

Khudoynazarova Gulbakhor, Kodirova Zulfiya, Ganiev Bakhtiyor et al.

Peganum harmala is employed extensively in ethnopharmacology but little literature has been done on the bioactive alkaloids of this plant. This paper gives an experimental finding on the chemical composition of P. harmala. It analyzes by quantum-chemical and in silico the biological characteristics of its primary alkaloids, peganine and deoxypyganine. The analysis of the samples by HPLC at various stages of growth showed that the quantity of peganine peaks at the stage when the branching occurs (up to 83% in the sample on May 14, 2023). DFT results indicated that the two alkaloids have good electronic behavior and peganine has high index of electrophilicity and high electron affinity. The active sites were determined by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping, whereas system-level activity was proved by density of states (DOS) spectra. Molecular docking of human 6s5a protein showed that peganine and deoxypeganine bind with an affinity of -7.59 kcal/mol as well as -8.13 kcal/mol. respectively, which are strong molecular affinities. These findings indicate that the alkaloid of P. harmala especially peganine has promising pharmacological activities that should be further confirmed in the context of in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Hadi Sumarto Rumsari, Widayanti Sri, Hendri Wijaya Junior et al.

Pulesari Tourism Village is one of the mainstay tourism villages in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This tourist village had experienced a decrease in the number of tourists. Therefore, it is necessary to strive so that the number of tourists increases again through interaction from the government, industry, universities, the community, and the media. The research emphasizes tourist villages that promote natural tourism, distinguishing it from prior studies that concentrated on cultural tourism within the frameworks of penta helix and quintuple helix models. Research is significant with previous research that raised the theme of the helix. The purpose of this research is to conduct an analysis of Penta Helix, namely the government, universities, industry, community, and media in the development of Pulesari Tourism Village. The research method uses qualitative methods to reveal existing problems so that they can be used as solutions for the welfare of residents. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the helix of government, industry, universities, citizens, and the media, carry out their respective roles and interact together in an activity. This is in line with the penta helix theory regarding the role of interhelix and the mutual interaction between helixes. However, interaction has not been established in a sustainable manner. The role of society is more dominant than other helixes. Previous research has shown that the role of the community is not dominant.

Preetaman Bajwa, Rupinder Saini, Sukhbir Singh et al.

Abstract Industrial hemp is receiving attention for its numerous benefits, particularly in the fiber industry. Weed competition is a primary concern for hemp cultivation, causing reduced yields and inferior‐quality fiber. However, little is known about herbicide application in hemp since a limited range of herbicides are available for hemp production. During 2023, this study evaluated the effect of different post‐emergence herbicides applied at early and late growth stages to optimize weed suppression and minimize crop injury in hemp under semiarid conditions. A randomized complete block design was used with six herbicide treatments, including early post (2 weeks after planting [WAP]) and late post (5 WAP) emergence applications of S‐metolachlor, clopyralid, and ethalfluralin. Hemp plant stand showed no significant difference among treatments. Early post herbicide application reduced 86% of weed biomass compared to untreated control at 7 WAP. By 10 WAP, weed biomass became comparable across treatments. At harvest, untreated control recorded comparatively higher weed biomass than early post treatments and late post ethalfluralin. Plant height remained nonsignificant among treatments until 10 WAP. At harvest, control showed no variation with late post treatments but recorded an average of 63% lower plant height than early post applications. Hemp biomass was insignificantly affected by treatments at 10 WAP. However, on average, early post S‐metolachlor and ethalfluralin applications demonstrated potential as effective herbicides, yielding four‐folds greater hemp biomass than untreated control at harvest. In conclusion, early post S‐metolachlor and ethalfluralin are promising tools for weed control, enhancing crop competitiveness and yield in hemp cultivation.

Komlan Atitey, Caitlin E. Hughes, Joseph C. Fusco

Subclonal populations shape progression and therapy response but are difficult to resolve in bulk transcriptomes, where rare signals are diluted by dominant clones. Existing methods often treat samples as static mixtures, infer lineages without expression-defined states, or rank genes without specifying when to evaluate, yielding unstable signatures. We propose magicSubclonal, a physics-informed framework that embeds driver-gene dynamics using a Chemical Master Equation. From gene expression, we estimate decay, burst initiation, and burst size; automatically select the time of maximal rare-state separation; and identify subclones whose extremes lie within calibrated predictive envelopes. Driver-timed states are then linked to non-driver genes with False Discovery Rate control, and clinical risk is assigned using bootstrap-stabilized Cox/logistic models. Applied to ovarian, lung, Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, and breast cohorts, fits yielded plausible half-lives and well-calibrated predictions. We introduce the Subclone Driver Relevance Score (SDRS), a bounded metric quantifying outcome alignment under a uniform operating point. Across cohorts, magicSubclonal achieved the highest SDRS and superior ROC and precision-recall performance, outperforming variant-allele clustering (sciClone), expression factorization (NMF), and two expression-only baselines: single-sample deconvolution (ss-Deconv) and a diagonal log-Gaussian mixture (MM). Gains were most pronounced at low false-positive rates and early-recall regions, reflecting added signal beyond static mixtures or unsupervised clustering. By integrating stochastic driver dynamics with population-level heterogeneity and outcome-anchored evaluation, magicSubclonal provides interpretable, reproducible subclone discovery and robust risk labeling. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that predictions are driven by burst initiation and size, with decay increasingly influential over longer horizons, supporting cross-cohort consistency under identical preprocessing.

Xu‐Sheng Chen, Ran Hu, Chen‐Xing Zhou et al.

Abstract Salt precipitation is a crucial process occurring during CO2 injection into saline aquifers. It significantly alters the porous space, leading to reduced permeability and impaired injectivity. While the dynamics of precipitation have been studied within porous media, our understanding of precipitation patterns and permeability evolution within rough fractures remains inadequate. Here, we conduct flow‐visualization experiments on salt precipitation, wherein dry air invades brine‐filled rough fractures under various flow rate conditions. Our observations reveal that the precipitation pattern shifts from ex situ precipitation to homogeneous form as the flow rate (capillary number Ca) increases. Through real‐time imaging of the salt precipitation process, we determine that ex situ precipitation is due to capillary‐driven backflow. This backflow phenomenon occurs when previously precipitated salt, acting as a hydrophilic porous medium, attracts the brine flow backward. As a result, precipitation occurs at a location different from the original site. We further show that the impact of capillary‐driven backflow is significant at low flow rates and is gradually suppressed as the flow rate increases. We provide a theoretical estimation for the critical Ca for the occurrence of capillary‐driven backflow. As Ca is smaller than this critical value, backflow‐precipitation positive feedback causes fracture voids to become completely clogged, thereby leading to a more substantial permeability reduction. In contrast, a homogeneous precipitation pattern tends to only partially clog the fracture voids, causing a relatively smaller permeability reduction. This study enhances our understanding of the role of capillary‐driven backflow in controlling salt precipitation and permeability reduction in fractures.

Veronika Čabinová, Peter Gallo, Ján Dobrovič et al.

The paper's chief goal is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on consumer purchasing behaviour and purchasing decisions concerning selected factors affecting consumers when buying food products in chain stores. The research was conducted in V4 countries, and data were obtained from a questionnaire. Essential research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction, were used in the presented research. Selected basic methods of descriptive statistics, normality tests and correlation coefficients were also applied. After evaluating the results of the questionnaire and verifying the research hypotheses, the expected conclusion regarding the apparent impact of COVID-19 on consumer purchasing and decision-making was confirmed. The hypothesis focused on buying behaviour in relation to gender (p = 0.03665), and economic status (p = 0.0407) was confirmed, manifesting a statistically significant relationship between these factors. A statistically significant relationship between age and buying behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic was not confirmed (p > 0.05). The research's benefit is identifying changes in buying behaviour and consumer decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is crucial information, especially for entrepreneurs who can thus adjust their business activities to the current customer needs.

Joseph N Keating, Russell J Garwood, Robert S Sansom

Abstract Morphology and molecules are important data sources for estimating evolutionary relationships. Modern studies often utilise morphological and molecular partitions alongside each other in combined analyses. However, the effect of combining phenomic and genomic partitions is unclear. This is exacerbated by their size imbalance, and conflict over the efficacy of different inference methods when using morphological characters. To systematically address the effect of topological incongruence, size imbalance, and tree inference methods, we conduct a meta-analysis of 32 combined (molecular + morphology) datasets across metazoa. Our results reveal that morphological-molecular topological incongruence is pervasive: these data partitions yield very different trees, irrespective of which method is used for morphology inference. Analysis of the combined data often yields unique trees that are not sampled by either partition individually, even with the inclusion of relatively small quantities of morphological characters. Differences between morphology inference methods in terms of resolution and congruence largely relate to consensus methods. Furthermore, stepping stone Bayes factor analyses reveal that morphological and molecular partitions are not consistently combinable, i.e. data partitions are not always best explained under a single evolutionary process. In light of these results, we advise that the congruence between morphological and molecular data partitions needs to be considered in combined analyses. Nonetheless, our results reveal that, for most datasets, morphology and molecules can, and should, be combined in order to best estimate evolutionary history and reveal hidden support for novel relationships. Studies that analyse only phenomic or genomic data in isolation are unlikely to provide the full evolutionary picture.

Zheng Hong

Under the background of the continuous improvement of the scale of modern petroleum engineering construction in our country, the level of oilfield development technology has been improved in an all-round way, which provides sufficient resources for the development of society. In the process of oilfield development, it is necessary to do a good job in the analysis of the geological characteristics of the reservoir to clarify the basic geological characteristics of the reservoir, based on which the development of the oilfield can improve the scientific work of reservoir development. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of geological characteristics and strengthen the innovation of exploration and development technology. Therefore, this paper will conduct in-depth research and analysis on the geological characteristics of the reservoir and development countermeasures, and summarize some measures based on practical experience, in order to be helpful to the related engineering.

Vira Sabadash , Oleksiy Lopushansky , Vitaliy Lysko

This article addresses the issue of atmospheric pollution caused by solid particles in urban environments. The presence of PM10 and PM2,5 particles in the air of major cities and industrial areas worldwide has been examined. An evaluation of atmospheric pollution levels with PM10 and PM2,5 particles in Kostopil, considering current air quality standards in Ukraine and the European Union, has been conducted. The authors employed the gravimetric method to measure the levels of suspended dust particles (PM10 and PM2,5) in Kostopil from autumn 2022 to winter 2023. The study revealed an excessive amount of fine dust particles in the city's air, exceeding the maximum permissible values outlined in regulatory laws by 2.1-2.7 times. Furthermore, the monitoring of changes in suspended dust particle levels showed peak values of PM10 = 1.15 mg/m³ in January and PM2,5 = 0.96 mg/m³ in December. The results of the statistical analysis of particle level distribution in Kostopil's urban areas indicated the statistical significance of certain distribution parameters, specifically SW-W and D for PM10 and PM2,5 particle classes.

Khadasevich Nailya, Imamverdieva Marina, Kaufman Nataliya et al.

Identification and implementation of the economic interests of the fuel and energy sector enterprises is an important stage in the formation of a strategy for crisis management of the region. The complexity and multidimensional nature of the concept of «Regional Crisis Management», as well as its exposure to a complex of factors and conditions, does not allow us to develop a unified approach to balance the interests of all subjects. The triad of elements «region-industry-enterprise» are not only independent representatives of interests, but also interdependent categories. The importance of improving the efficiency of interaction between all carriers of economic interests increases, since their structural expression and hierarchy will allow identifying points of intersection of interests and, consequently, increasing the efficiency of their functioning.

N. Holt, A. Bremner, E. Sutherland et al.

Ivan R. Bristow, Alan M. Borthwick

Abstract The recent and rapid emergence of COVID-19 infection has led to a flood of publications describing all aspects of the disease and its presentation. The appearance of chilblain-like lesions, in children and young adults has particularly caught the attention of healthcare professionals with an interest in the foot. With such a novel infection, demand for information is high at a time when evidence is scarce. Consequently, there has been a renaissance in the publication of case studies. This type of research, previously relegated from many mainstream journals, as a low level source of evidence, has permitted the rapid reporting, publication and dissemination of much needed clinical data which can be used as a foundation to inform further research and investigations about a new global infection.

Pamela Bier Belló Rocha, Reginaldo Pereira, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche Baretta

A busca por modelos agrícolas seguros e menos dependentes de insumos inorgânicos ocupa as agendas internacionais e estatais preocupadas com a alimentação saudável e segura. Desde 2003, o Brasil regula a produção orgânica e a transição do padrão convencional de produção de alimentos para o agroecológico. Com o intuito de buscar elementos para a formulação de políticas públicas de produção agrícola sustentável, o artigo analisa se a regulamentação do processo de conversão ecológica da agricultura possibilita uma transição para formas agrícolas orgânicas e sustentáveis, segundo escalas construídas a partir da economia ecológica. O estudo é original, privilegia uma abordagem transdisciplinar e é relevante para a agricultura brasileira, pois visa contribuir para a afirmação do desenvolvimento sustentável na produção agrícola. O trabalho tem abordagem qualitativa e adota as técnicas da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Para a construção do resultado, adota-se o construtivismo social. Conclui-se que a adoção de políticas públicas de conversão ecológica pautadas na regulamentação de escalas de aproximação à sustentabilidade tem a possibilidade de fomentar a adoção de sistemas de produção agrícola sustentáveis – inclusive em larga escala – que, ao mesmo tempo, promovam o manejo ecológico dos ecossistemas e das espécies e atendam à crescente demanda alimentar.

S. Hove

K. Squire, E. Klopfer

Sanjay Jain, H. Simon, E. Tomita

G. Ice, J. Budai, J. Pang

C. Pohl