In this study, we propose a new toothed gear for mechanical transmissions built from a satellite wheel with two toothed conical crowns, one of which conjugates with a fixed central conical wheel mounted in the transmission housing and the other with a movable conical wheel installed on the flange of the driven shaft. The satellite wheel is mounted on the inclined portion of the crankshaft and performs spherospatial motion around a fixed point. When the crankshaft rotates, the teeth of the wheels engage with spherospatial interaction in two lateral gearings of the satellite wheel, yielding kinematic ratios dependent on the correlation of the number of teeth. The teeth of the satellite wheel are used with circular arc profiles, and the teeth of the central wheel have flank profiles with variable curvatures increasing continuously from the root to the tip, so that, in meshing, the teeth form multipair contacts with convex–concave geometry with a small difference in flank curvatures. The flank profile geometry and pairs of teeth simultaneously engage depending on the configurational parameters of the gearing and can use up to 100% of pairs of simultaneously conjugated teeth.
The influx of researches on hyperstructure theory has encouraged many researchers to introduce new algebras. Notable among these is the work of Indangan and Petalcorin who introduced hyper GR-algebra and that of Macodi and Petalcorin who studied fuzzification of hyper GR-algebra. Macodi extended the fuzzification of hyper GR-algebra into intuitionistic fuzzification and introduced the concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy hyper GR-ideal. Following the works of Macodi and Petalcorin, this paper established an intuitionistic fuzzy implicative hyper GR-ideal and obtained its characterization using level subsets. Moreover, some properties of intuitionistic fuzzy implicative hyper GR-ideals are presented.
AbstractFor a given matrix, we are interested in computing GR decompositions A = GR, where G is an isometry with respect to given scalar products. The orthogonal QR decomposition is the representative for the Euclidian scalar product. For a signature matrix, a respective factorization is given as the hyperbolic QR decomposition. Considering a skew‐symmetric matrix leads to the symplectic QR decomposition. The standard approach for computing GR decompositions is based on the successive elimination of subdiagonal matrix entries. For the hyperbolic and symplectic case, this approach does in general not lead to a satisfying numerical accuracy. An alternative approach computes the QR decomposition via a Cholesky factorization, but also has bad stability. It is improved by repeating the procedure a second time. In the same way, the hyperbolic and the symplectic QR decomposition are related to the LDLT and a skew‐symmetric Cholesky‐like factorization. We show that methods exploiting this connection can provide better numerical stability than elimination‐based approaches.
We consider abelain subgroups of small index in finite groups. More generally, we consider subgroups such that the product of their index by the index of their centralizer is small.
In this short note we give a characterization of ZM-groups that uses the functions defined and studied in [3,4]. This leads to a proof of Conjecture 6 in [4].
In this paper we study a group theoretical generalization of the well-known Gauss's formula that uses the generalized Euler's totient function introduced in [11].
We show that a group with Kazhdan's property $(T)$ has property $(T_{B})$ for $B$ the Haagerup non-commutative $L_{p}(\mathcal{M})$-space associated with a von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{M}$, $1