Artiklis vaadeldakse eesti keelt teise keelena omandavate 8–10-aastaste laste sõnavara ja konstruktsioonide arengut aasta jooksul 2022. ja 2023. aastal läbi viidud pildikirjelduskatse põhjal. Aasta jooksul suurenes õpilaste sõnavara, areng toimus kõikides sõnaliikides suhteliselt ühtlaselt, siiski oli lekseemide hulga kasv kõige suurem omadus- ja asesõnade puhul. Ka konstruktsioonides toimus märkimisväärne areng, lisandus uusi konstruktsioonitüüpe ning need muutusid komplekssemaks. Sõnavara ja konstruktsioonide hulk oli omavahel seotud: mida suurem oli õppija sõnavara 2022. a pildi kirjelduses, seda rohkem eri konstruktsioone oli lisandunud tema 2023. a pildikirjeldusse. Eri sõnaliikide sõnavara ulatus konstruktsioonide arengut ei paista mõjutavat.
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"Development of vocabulary and constructions in the speech of young learners of Estonian as a second language over the course of one year"
The article examines the development of vocabulary and grammatical constructions on both phrase and clause level of children aged 8-10 years acquiring Estonian as a second language on the basis of a picture description test carried out in 2022 and 2023. Over the course of the year students’ vocabulary increased, development occurred relatively evenly in all parts of speech, however, the increase in the number of lexemes was the greatest for adjectives and pronouns. The growth of vocabulary was faster for children whose language skills were weaker in 2022. The constructions also developed significantly over the year: new types of constructions were added and they became more complex. In most children, the growth of structures was focused either on the phrase or on the clause level. The correlation between the number of lexemes and the number of constructions was significant: those children whose vocabulary was bigger in 2022 used more constructions in test conducted in 2023.The scope of the vocabulary of the different parts of speech does not seem to affect the development on the level of constructions. Data from the study on the relationship between vocabulary and constructions strongly support the view that syntactic development is driven by lexicon-level development, i.e. sufficient words must be acquired so that different types of constructions can be recognized and used.
The present article investigates Beserman constructions which contain adjectives inflected for number and nouns that they modify semantically. Prototypically adjectives do not show agreement in number with the head noun. Under certain circumstances, however, they may be marked for number by a nominal plural suffix -(j)os and a 3Sg possessive marker, or by a predicative adjectival suffix -(j)eś. Elicitation and corpus data show that constructions with the suffix -(j)os and a 3Sg possessive marker are used in contrastive contexts. As for -(j)eś-marked adjectives, we claim that two types of construction should be distinguished. Postposed -(j)eś-marked adjectives, according to syntactic tests, retain their original predicative properties. Preposed -(j)eś-marked adjectives share important properties with “prototypical” attributes in Beserman, and may be used under various information structure conditions, thus drifting towards holding the status of pure agreement constructions.
Kokkuvõte. Maria Usacheva, Maria Brykina: Besermani mitmuslike omadussõnadega konstruktsioonide süntaktilised omadused ja infostruktuur. Käesolev artikkel uurib Besermani keele konstruktsioone, mis hõlmavad arvus käänatud omadussõnu ja neid täiendavaid nimisõnu. Prototüüpselt omadussõnad ei ühildu arvus nominaalse põhisõnaga. Teatud tingimustel võivad nad siiski arvu väljendada nominaalse mitmuse sufiksi -(j)os ja kolmanda isiku ainsuse possessiivsufiksiga või predikatiivse adjektiivsufiksiga -(j)eś. Me usume, et sufiksiga -(j)os ja kolmanda isiku ainsuse possessiiv- suffiksiga konstruktsioonid on atributiivse nominalisatsiooni näited. Korpuse andmed ja küsitlus näitavad, et neid kasutatakse kontrasti väljendamiseks. Mis puudutab -(j)eś-markeriga omadussõnu, siis väidame, et eristada tuleks kahte tüüpi konstruktsioone. Järelasendis -(j)eś-markeriga omadussõnad säilitavad süntaktiliste testide kohaselt oma esialgsed predikatiivsed omadused. Eesasendis -(j)eś-markeriga omadussõnad jagavad olulisi omadusi “prototüüpsete” Besermani atribuutidega ja neid võib kasutada erinevates infostruktuuri tingimustes, mis lähendab neid ühildumiskonstruktsioonidele.
This paper explores the phenomenon of code-switching between Egyptian Arabic and English in vlogs published by young Egyptian women. Based on evidence from a total of 5 hours of recordings, language choices of female vloggers in product review videos were observed and analysed. Primarily, Muysken’s typology of code-switching (subdivision into insertion, alternation, congruent lexicalization) was used to classify the tokens. Secondly, all of them have been analysed from a usage-based perspective. All types of CS were attested in the material, the prevalent one being insertions. Lastly, an attempt was made to find patterns similar for some of the participants or all of them.
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"Egiptuse araabia ja inglise keele koodivahetus Egiptuse naisvlogijate tootevideotes"
Artikkel käsitleb noorte Egiptuse vlogijate keelevalikuid ning Egiptuse araabia ja inglise keele koodivahetust. Viie sisulooja videomaterjali analüüsitakse Muyskeni (2000) koodivahetuse tüpoloogia ja kasutuspõhise meetodi abil. Analüüsile eelneb Egiptuse sotsiolingvistilise situatsiooni kirjeldus, mis loob konteksti tulemuste paremaks mõistmiseks. Analüütilises osas selgitatakse näidete varal koodivahetuse eri tüüpe. Analüüsitakse mitte ainult iga informandi individuaalseid omadusi, vaid tuvastatakse ka nendevahelisi ühiseid mustreid.
This article explores the use of the Estonian language in the works of poet Igor Severyanin (Igor Vasilyevich Lotaryov, 4 May [16 May] 1887, St. Petersburg – 20 December 1941, Tallinn). The opening section provides background: the birth of the Republic of Estonia and the poet’s permanent relocation to Estonia at the age of 30 occurred almost simultaneously. Memoirs from the time reveal a myth portraying Severyanin as lacking a talent for languages, claiming he never mastered Estonian. This article challenges that myth and argues the opposite. Severyanin’s efforts were directed at deeply rooting himself in Estonia: acquiring Estonian citizenship, maintaining close relationships with Estonian writers, collaborating with the Estonian Cultural Endowment, marrying an Estonian, befriending the Henrik Visnapuu family, translating Estonian literature into Russian, and incorporating Estonian words into his Russian-language works. The article examines Severyanin’s linguistic experiments in Estonian through the lens of Olivia García’s concept of translanguaging, moving towards an analysis of the poet’s identity. The study draws on Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of “polyphony”, Homi K. Bhabha’s concept of the “Third Space”, and Wolfgang Welsch’s idea of “transculturality”. The aim is to demonstrate the existence of a hybrid identity through Severyanin’s translanguaging (and emerging bilingualism).
The article provides an overview of the meanings of the Estonian core verb laskma (‘to let’), explains the development and usage of its grammatical constructions, and describes the most common semantic types of the laskma-causative (LET-causative). Data for this study were collected from corpora of written Estonian texts from the 16th century to the present. The first instance of the laskma-causative is impossible to ascertain due to the grammatical constructions of laskma already appearing in written texts in the 16th and 17th centuries (explained as forced grammaticalization). However, the process of grammaticalization can be elucidated through the relationships among the meanings of laskma and bridging constructions. The lexical meanings of laskma were categorized into four groups: ‘to move a substance somewhere or in some direction’, ‘to not hinder’, ‘to act at full speed’, and ‘to discharge something from a firearm’. The verb laskma appears in a permissive causative construction (causer + laskma + causee + Vda-inf), expressing the meaning of ‘to allow’. Laskma + Vda-inf also signifies ‘to ask someone to do something’. The usage of laskma + Vda-inf ‘to allow’ is the most frequent among all laskma usages in each century, currently accounting for 45% of all instances of laskma. Additionally, laskma appears in a phasal construction that denotes an initial phase (causer + laskma + causee + Vma-inf). The evolution of the da– and ma-infinitive constructions is demonstrated through the bridging constructions (“to allow to move into some place or state” and “to allow” (with the objective case)).
The cases of the construction laskma + Vda-inf (‘to allow’ or ‘to ask someone to do something’) that explicitly express causer and causee were analyzed in terms of semantic roles. Among 24 different types, the three most frequent types are AGENT-PATIENT-PROCESS (28%), AGENT-PATIENT-ACTION (21%) and AGENT-PATIENT-STATE (12%).
The present study measures the resemblances of Japanese with Altaic languages (Turkic; Tungstic; Mongolic; Nivkh); the Dravidian language Tamil; Austronesian languages (Western Malayo-Polynesian; Malayo-Sumbawan; Central Luzon; Central Malayo-Polynesian), and Korean, in an effort to pin down the genealogy of Japanese. Morphologic, syntactic, and phonologic distance are calculated using data from corpora. The chi-square homogeneity test and Euclidean distances are used for statistical analysis. The finding brings to light, morphologically, in the light of preferences of causative/inchoative verb alternation patterning and morphemes that convey the alternation, that Japanese and Korean are close for the most part. Syntactically, Altaics and Tamil convey case via suffixes; case in Austronesian languages is marked by prefixes. Japanese and Korean share a similarity in rendering case with particles. Phonologically, the Tamil and Austronesian languages share a resemblance in the harmony of vowel height. The Korean, Altaic languages, and Austronesian languages show similarities in the harmony of vowel backness. Japanese, the Altaic languages, and the Austronesian language Madurese display vowel-consonant harmony. Pulling these strands together, a conclusion is thus drawn that Japanese is most closely related to Korean.
AbstractThe research question posed in this article is whether the Altaic theory is possible, if it is discussed on the basis of chosen negative forms in Mongolian, Turkish, Manchu and its Sibe dialect. The supporters of the Altaic theory assume that these languages (and some include Japanese, Korean and Ainu to this list (Miller, 1967)) emerged from the same root. The opponents of this theory think that the similarities in these languages have resulted from historical contacts between their speakers (Doerfer, 1966, p.122). This article consists of the analysis of negative forms in various stages of Mongolian, Manchu and Turkish languages carried out on the basis of literary monuments and contemporary resources. The conclusions concerning the possibility of the Altaic theory based on the described negative forms have been presented at the end, accompanied by the Index of negative particles and suffixes.
Keelt aineteadmiste vahendajana on hakatud üha enam tähtsustama: paralleelselt kõneldakse keeleteadlikust aineõpetusest ja ainekirjaoskusest. Ainekirjaoskus tähendab ainealase suhtluse harjutamist õpiprotsessi mõlemas otsas – teksti vastuvõtul ja loomel. Kirjaoskus on Eesti riiklikes õppekavades sõnastatud ühe üldp.devusena – suhtluspädevusena, mis tähendab paindlikku keelekasutusoskust ja suhtlusolukorra järgi kohanduvat kõnelemis-, kirjutamis-, lugemis- ja kuulamisoskust. Ehkki sedamööda paistavad meil eeldused keeleteadlikuks aineõpetuseks olevat loodud, puudub vastus küsimusele, kui (keele)teadlikult kirjaoskust õpetatakse. Etnometodoloogiline uurimus võtab vaatluse alla neli ainet: ajaloo, füüsika, käsitöö ja kodunduse ning muusika, et välja selgitada nende ainete õpetajate tekstikasutustavad kirjaoskuse õpetamisel põhikoolis. Uuringutulemused näitavad suunda, kuidas ainekirjaoskust Eestis arendada.
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Introduction to school discourse: Texts and literacy in four subjects
This research investigated literacy instruction in four subjects: History, Physics, Music and Handicraft & Home Economics (HHE). Every school subject has inherent discourse patterns that appear in texts and language use. The concept of disciplinary literacy (DL) emphasizes language in learning, but there is little known about how Estonian core literacy is taught in school subjects in middle school.
This ethnomethodological study was conducted among 32 teachers. First, one teacher of each subject was asked to keep a diary and report on authentic texts and methods used in the classroom; the data was supplemented by individual interviews. Secondly, two group interviews were carried out with teachers of the same subject. The data was analyzed through content analysis, detecting metadiscourses to see the features of disciplinary literacy.
The results indicate that literacy is developed in the spirit of functional understanding and is asymmetrical, reading dominates over writing. However, examples of DL appeared in history as interpreting, common genres were media, historical sources, documentaries, movies; history was the most language-aware subject. DL in physics appeared in problem-solving tasks, describing procedures and phenomena, genres were procedural videos and explanations. Musical DL was about sharing experiences, analysing musical language, the common genre was evaluation. DL in HHE consisted in making meaning through handicraft and following instructions, which was also the common genre. The use of authentic texts in subjects indicate that the need and readiness for a DL approach is recognized. The starting point could be the awareness of genres and making language visible as a meaning-making resource.
The analysis of late Iranian loanwords in Finno-Ugric languages spoken in the Ural Mountains region demonstrates that there is no specifically Scythian-Sarmatian layer of borrowings in these languages. The representative group of loanwords reflects contact with the Ossetic language in particular.
Рассматриваются производные глаголы алтайского, тувинского и хакасского языков, образованные от существительных с помощью аффиксов =СА, =СЫ, =СЫрА с дезидеративным значением («испытывать желание к объекту, который назван основой»), а также глаголы с аффиксом =СЫн со значением признания («считать своим то, что названо основой»). В языках Южной Сибири данные словообразовательные форманты присутствуют в указанных значениях в разной степени. Эти глаголы исследуются с точки зрения отражения в них некоторых национально - культурных ценностей алтайцев, тувинцев и хакасов. Анализируются также отсубстантивные прилагательные с аффиксами =СА и =СЫрА, соотносящиеся с глаголами, образованными посредством этих же формантов. Все они маркируют объекты действительности, к которым может проявляться особое расположение, забота (кровные родственники), которые имеют ценность (родная земля, национальные продукты питания) или вызывают осуждение (алкоголь, чрезмерная увлеченность противоположным полом). В данных словообразовательных моделях и образованных по ним глаголах, а также в прилагательных с аффиксами =СА и =СЫрА в исследуемых языках наблюдаются как сходства, так и различия: в производящих основах, словообразовательном значении, а тем самым и в акцентировании в языке того или иного явления действительности. Специфика языков проявляется в выборе производящих основ исследуемых глаголов, относящихся к определенным лексико - семантическим группам, и в оттенках словообразовательного значения производных лексем. The article considers Altaic, Tuvan, and Khakass verbs derived from nouns by the means of affixes =СА, =СЫ, =СЫрА with the desiderative meaning ("to desire an object denoted by a word stem"), as well as verbs with the affix =Сын with the meaning of acceptance ("to consider an object, denoted by a word stem, as one's own"). In the languages of South Siberia, these word - forming formants are present in these meanings to a different extent. I study the reflection of Altai, Tuvan, and Khakass national and cultural values in these verbs. I also analyze the noun - derived adjectives with affixes =СА and =СЫрА correlating with verbs formed by the means of the same formants. All of these denote objects of reality that may be treated with special affection or care (close relatives), that possess value (homeland, national cuisine) or are frowned upon (alcohol, excessive interest in the opposite sex). In these word - formation models and verbs formed according to them, as well as adjectives with affixes =СА and =СЫрА found in the listed languages, one may see similarities and differences in forming stems, meanings, and nuances of presentation of various real phenomena by the means of language. The specificity of languages, which is manifested in the choice of forming stems of the verbs under study, belonging to certain lexico - semantic groups, and in shades of the word - formation meaning of derived lexemes.
AbstractThe research question posed in this article is whether the Altaic theory is possible, if it is discussed on the basis of chosen negative forms in Mongolian, Turkish, Manchu and its Sibe dialect. The supporters of the Altaic theory assume that these languages (and some include Japanese, Korean and Ainu to this list (Miller, 1967)) emerged from the same root. The opponents of this theory think that the similarities in these languages have resulted from historical contacts between their speakers (Doerfer, 1966, p. 122). This article consists of the analysis of negative forms in various stages of Mongolian, Manchu and Turkish languages carried out on the basis of literary monuments and contemporary resources. The conclusions concerning the possibility of the Altaic theory based on the described negative forms have been presented at the end, accompanied by the Index of negative particles and suffixes.
Sayid Muhammedali Jamalzadeh, apart from being one of the greatest writers of Iran,
was succeeded in different science fields such as investigation, translation, history, and critique.
He laid the foundation of new style and new school in story genre by writing “نبود ویکی بود یکی“
(once upon a time). Jamalzadeh is considered to be the creator of new persian prose. Despite he
had undorgone from productive writing period, his works were not published for decades. Only
as a result of several scholars’ and Tehran University employees’ attempts, Sayid Muhammedali
Jamalzadeh’s works were published in the upcoming years.
One of the two novels given in “Muhammedali Jamalzadeh’s selected works” (2010)
edited by Ali Dehbashi, “Madness Desert” (جنون دشت (is being translated into Azerbaijanian
language for the first time. “Madness Desert” is a psychological novel and allows the reader feel
the author’s awareness of human soul immediately. Many different lives are described in the
underlined frame of the inequality and injustice. Author figures out how human soul is being
established and destroyed by facing these difficulties. In addition, novel also reveals the deepest
knowledge of Jamalzadeh in various fields like linguistics, literature and sociology.
Gunumuzde, Cin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde, resmen azinlik milliyeti olarak taninmis bes tane Tunguz toplulugu mevcuttur. Bunlar; Evenk, Orocen, Heje, Mancu ve Sibe milliyetleridir. Ancak resmen taninmis olan bu Tunguz milliyetlerinin dillik temellerden yoksun oldugu gorulmektedir. Evenk adi altinda, Solon Evenk Tunguzlari, Hamnigan Evenk Tunguzlari ve Mancurya Rengeyigi Evenk Tunguzlari tek bir milliyet olarak siniflandirilmaktadirlar. Oysa Solon Evenk Tunguzlarinin konustuklari lehce, diger ikisinin konustuklari lehcelerden tamamen baska bir Tunguz lehcesidir. Buna mukabil, konustuklari lehce, Hamnigan ve Mancurya Rengeyigi Evenek Tunguzlarinin konustuklari lehceler ile oldukca benzesen Orocen Tunguzlari, ayri bir milliyet olarak taninmaktadir. Heje adi altinda taninan Tunguz milliyeti de en az Evenk kimligi kadar, dillik bakimdan sorunludur. Bu isim altinda, Rusya Federasyonu’nda konusulan iki ayri Tunguz lehcesinin Cin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki uzantilarini konusan Nanay ve Kilen Tunguzlari, tek milliyet olarak tasnif edilmistir. Sibe Tunguzlari da aslinda Mancu Tunguzlarinin bir kabilesi olmalari ve Mancu Tunguzcasinin bir agzini konusmalarina ragmen, resmen Sibe ve Mancu adi altinda iki ayri milliyet ve dil taninmaktadir. Bu bes Tunguz milliyeti tarafindan konusulan dokuz ayri Tunguz lehcesinin Ic Mogolistan ve Mancurya’da yogunlastigi gorulmektedir. Cin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Tunguz lehcelerinin birden fazla lehce ile temsil edildigi bir diger cografya, Dogu Turkistan’dir. Bu dokuz lehcenin tamami, farkli oranlarda yok olma tehlikesi ile karsi karsiyadir. Hatta bazi lehceler ya tamamen ya da kismen yok olmanin esigine gelmislerdir. Ancak dunya yuzunde gelecekte yasama ihtimali olan iki Tunguz lehcesinin her ikisi de yine Cin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde konusulmaktadir. Bunlarin biri Ic Mogolistan’in Hulun Buir aymaginda konusulan Solon Evenk Tunguzcasi, digeri ise Dogu Turkistan’ Ili Muhtar Kazak Ili’nde konusulan Sibe Mancu Tunguzcasidir.
This chapter presents a general overview of the three language groupings, i.e. Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic, that are traditionally covered by the term “Altaic”. Each language family is briefly discussed in terms of its geographical distribution and classification as well as its current sociolinguistic profile, i.e. the estimates of the number of speakers. The chapter provides a detailed overview of the script systems used by the speakers of Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic throughout their history, such as the Jurchen script, the hPags-pa script, and the Turkic runiform script. A special focus is on the major written sources attesting the historical varieties of each family in question, most notably Manchu, Middle Mongol, and Old Turkic.
The Altaic languages (Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic) are spread across Eurasia, from Central Asia to the Middle East and the Balkans. The genetic affinity between these subgroups has not been definitively established but the commonality among features and patterns points to some linguistic connections. The main morphological operations in Altaic languages are suffixation and compounding. Generally regarded as morphologically regular with easily identifiable suffixes in which there are clear form-meaning correspondences, the languages, nevertheless, show irregularities in many domains of the phonological exponents of morphosyntactic features, such as base modification, cumulative exponence, and syncretism. Nouns are inflected for number, person, and case. Case markers can express structural relations between noun phrases and other constituents, or they can act as adpositions. Only very few of the Altaic languages have adjectival inflection. Verbs are inflected for voice, negation, tense, aspect, modality, and, in most of the languages subject agreement, varying between one and five person-number paradigms. Subject agreement is expressed through first, second, and third persons singular and plural. In the expression of tense, aspect, and modality, Altaic languages employ predominantly suffixing and compound verb formations, which involve auxiliary verbs. Inflected finite verbs can stand on their own and form propositions, and as a result, information structure can be expressed within a polymorphic word through prosodic means. Affix order is mostly fixed and mismatches occur between morpholotactic constraints and syntactico-semantic requirements. Ellipsis can occur between coordinated words. Derivational morphology is productive and occurs between and within the major word classes of nominals and verbs. Semantic categories can block other semantic categories.
After 16th century, literary genealogy genre has taken an important place in folk
literature of Turkish people who live in Volga Ural region. In the 19th century, issue of history
had also occurred while classical themes and subjects in Kipchak literature were still studied.
Tarihnama i Bulgar was published at 1805 which comprises combination of history and
genealogy wordings. The work shows features of Kipchak and Oguz languages. In this study,
Oguz language features were examined. Features were analyzed under the titles of phonology,
morphology, orthography, and lexicology. No significant differences were detected when
examples in the phonology and orthography titles were evaluated within the context of the
Tarihnama i Bulgar era. However, features of the Oguz language appeared more clearly in the
examples which under the titles of morphology and lexicology. Yalçıgul's son Tacetdin who is
the author of the work lived approximately 16 years in Anatolia. This is very effective on the
formation of his wording and style.
The article focuses on the agreement (in case and number) of English adjectives used with Estonian nouns in noun phrases (Eng ADJ + EST N) in Estonian blogs and vlogs. According to the Matrix Language Frame model (MLF), one would expect English adjective stems to take on Estonian inflections, but this is not always the case. The data comes from fashion and lifestyle blogs and vlogs that have Estonian as the main language and contain English language material to various degrees. Altogether, 84 noun phrases were analysed: in 35 instances the adjective agreed with the noun and in 46 instances it did not; in 3 instances the agreement was complicated to determine. The analysis showed that English adjectives that have a sound structure similar to Estonian adjectives as a rule agree with Estonian nouns. Factors that may lead to non-agreement are stem alternation, differences in writing and pronunciation, and personal preferences.
Kokkuvõte. Helin Kask: Ühilduda või mitte? Inglise adjektiivid eestiinglise kakskeelsetes blogides ja vlogides. Artiklis uuritakse, kas eestiinglise kakskeelsetes blogides ja vlogides ühilduvad inglise adjektiivid eesti substan tiividega käändes ja arvus. Maatrikskeele raamistiku mudeli kohaselt eel datakse, et inglise tüvele lisatakse vajalikud eesti käändelõpud ja muud tunnused, siiski ei ole see alati nii. Andmed pärinevad moe-, ilu- ja elustiiliblogidest ning -vlogidest, milles põhikeel on eesti keel, kuid milles kasu tatakse ka inglise keelt. Kokku uuriti 84 nimisõnafraasi (inglise ADJ + eesti SUB), neist 35 juhul ühildus inglise adjektiiv eesti substantiiviga nii arvus kui ka käändes ning 46 juhul ei ühildunud, 3 juhul ei olnud võimalik ühildumist üheselt määrata. Analüüs näitas, et eesti substantiividega ühilduvad sellised ingliskeelsed adjektiivid, mis häälikulise ja silbistruktuuri poolest sarnanevad eesti muuttüüpide tüüpsõnadega. Mitteühildumise põhjused on astmevaheldus, erinevused kirjapildis ja häälduses, samuti informandi isiklikud eelistused.
According to the classical theory of the universality of color terms by B. Berlin and P. Kay, the basic color lexicon in various languages of the world must historically have passed through the certain universal evolutionary stages of its development in the appropriate order. The given research aims to contribute to the study of the questions related to the evolution of the color term systems characterized by the macrocolours, which depict the main parts of the spectrum of blue, green and yellow in the Uralic and Altaic languages of Siberia. The linguistic representation of such systems is featured by the expression of blue-green, or yellow-green, or blue-yellow-green parts of the spectrum by means of one term. The study shows that in the XX century a significant part of the languages of Eurasia was characterized by the existence of the blue-green color system. The situation was different for the languages geographically located in Siberia, where the Turkic and Tungus languages with the blue-green systems had an assimilating effect on the speakers of the Samoyed and Ob-Ugric languages, for which in the XVIII century the yellow-green-blue system was documented and which became blue-green for the majority of the speakers by the XX century except the Selkup language, where the yellow-green-blue macrocolour system has been preserved. This exception also applies to the East Khanty dialects, which native speakers lived in hard-to-reach places on the rivers Vah and Vasyugan and, as far as we know, had no significant contacts with native speakers of the Turkic and Tungus languages. The analysis of the data from the dictionaries and written documents shows how the languages with such systems form areals. The study of the contacts of the speakers allows to assume two possible scenarios for the development of such systems of color terms: 1) Both systems disintegrate, macrocolour term disappears, such evolution occurred in the languages of Asia Minor, currently there are no macrocolours in the Oguz, Iranian, Greek languages. 2) More stable system wins (in Siberia it was the blue-green Turkic and Tungus systems), the less stable system (Ob-Ugric, Samoyed) passes through the stage of the triple macrocolour and gradually coincides with the more stable. Currently, the Russian language has a great influence on the languages of minor people of the Russian Federation. In Russian there is no macrocolours and in most modern Uralic, Turkic and Tungusic languages of Russia macrocolours have disappeared.