Hasil untuk "Sports"

M. Nelson, W. Rejeski, Steven N. Blair et al.

J. Coakley

Camille Grange, Quentin Bourgeais, Rodolphe Charrier et al.

Team sports represent complex phenomena characterized by both spatial and temporal dimensions, making their analysis inherently challenging. In this study, we examine team sports as complex systems, specifically focusing on the tactical aspects influenced by external constraints. To this end, we introduce a new generic graph-based model to analyze these phenomena. Specifically, we model a team sport's attacking play as a directed path containing absolute and relative ball carrier-centered spatial information, temporal information, and semantic information. We apply our model to union rugby, aiming to validate two hypotheses regarding the impact of the pedagogy provided by the coach on the one hand, and the effect of the initial positioning of the defensive team on the other hand. Preliminary results from data collected on six-player rugby from several French clubs indicate notable effects of these constraints. The model is intended to be applied to other team sports and to validate additional hypotheses related to team coordination patterns, including upcoming applications in basketball.

Sávio Luís Oliveira da Silva, Rafael Carvalho da Silva Mocarzel, Bruna Medeiros Neves

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática regular de atividade física é fundamental para a promoção da saúde, autonomia e qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência física. Entretanto, barreiras arquitetônicas ainda limitam o acesso e a permanência desse público em espaços destinados à prática de exercícios físicos, como academias de ginástica. OBJETIVO: Analisar as condições de acessibilidade arquitetônica para pessoas que utilizam cadeira de rodas em academias do município de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, exploratório e transversal, realizado em 23 academias do município, por meio da aplicação de um checklist adaptado da NBR 9050. A análise dos dados foi de natureza descritiva, com apresentação de frequências e percentuais, complementada por análise qualitativa interpretativa. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram que nenhuma das academias avaliadas apresentou acessibilidade arquitetônica plena. Observou-se ausência ou inadequação de rotas acessíveis, sinalização, mobiliário, equipamentos e sanitários adaptados, em desacordo com os parâmetros normativos vigentes. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que as academias investigadas apresentam importantes limitações estruturais, evidenciando a necessidade de adequações arquitetônicas e de ações sistemáticas de fiscalização para garantir o direito de acesso à prática de atividade física por pessoas que utilizam cadeira de rodas.

Antonina Drzewiecka, Artur Drzewiecki, Oliwia Maciaszek et al.

Introduction and Purpose: Vascular access devices (VADs) are essential for modern inpatient care, yet optimal device selection remains complex due to heterogeneous data on dwell time, indications, and complications. Peripheral options such as midline catheters (MCs) and long peripheral catheters (LPCs) are increasingly proposed as alternatives to peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and central venous catheters (CVCs), particularly for intermediate-duration therapy and in patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA). The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize current evidence on peripheral and central vascular access, focusing on peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs), MCs, LPCs, PICCs, and CVCs, with respect to dwell time, therapeutic indications, and complication rates, including catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) and thrombosis. State of Knowledge: PIVCs, although most commonly used, have short dwell times and high failure rates, often complicated by phlebitis, infiltration, and occlusion. Midline catheters provide longer dwell times and reduce repeated cannulation but are associated with minor mechanical complications such as superficial thrombophlebitis and occlusion. PICCs and CVCs enable prolonged delivery of vesicant and hyperosmolar therapies but carry higher risks of bloodstream infection and venous thromboembolism. Comparative studies suggest midlines may reduce CRBSI and CLABSI-reportable events relative to PICCs, at the cost of more frequent minor complications. Conclusion: No single VAD is universally optimal. Device choice should integrate therapy duration, infusate characteristics, vascular anatomy, and the balance of infectious, thrombotic, and mechanical risks. MCs and LPCs appear promising for intermediate-duration, peripherally compatible therapies; however, high-quality randomized studies are needed to refine vascular access algorithms and confirm safety signals.

Dominik Kret, Wiktoria Szlachta, Daria Twardowska et al.

Myocardial bridging (MB) of the coronary arteries has long been considered a benign anatomical variant with no significant clinical relevance. However, the development of modern imaging and functional diagnostic methods indicates that its impact on myocardial perfusion may become apparent under conditions of increased hemodynamic load, especially during physical exertion. In the context of sports science, this issue is particularly important, as even subtle coronary flow disturbances can modulate the heart's response to training load and affect exercise tolerance.The aim of this study was to present the current state of knowledge on the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of myocardial bridges, with particular emphasis on their functional significance under conditions of stress typical of physical activity. The article is a narrative review of the literature based on a critical analysis of anatomical, observational, and imaging studies, as well as works devoted to functional assessment and treatment strategies. Available data indicate that MBs are a common structure, but heterogeneous in terms of morphology and hemodynamic significance. Although they remain asymptomatic in most people, in selected cases they may be associated with myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and reduced exercise tolerance. Myocardial bridges require individualized clinical and functional assessment, and their presence should not be automatically considered insignificant, especially in the context of exercise capacity assessment.

J. Brenner

Sports specialization is becoming the norm in youth sports for a variety of reasons. When sports specialization occurs too early, detrimental effects may occur, both physically and psychologically. If the timing is correct and sports specialization is performed under the correct conditions, the athlete may be successful in reaching specific goals. Young athletes who train intensively, whether specialized or not, can also be at risk of adverse effects on the mind and body. The purpose of this clinical report is to assist pediatricians in counseling their young athlete patients and their parents regarding sports specialization and intensive training. This report supports the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report “Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes.”

Haodong Chen, Haojian Huang, XinXiang Yin et al.

Video Question Answering (VideoQA) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown potential in general video understanding but faces significant challenges when applied to the inherently complex domain of sports videos. In this work, we propose FineQuest, the first training-free framework that leverages dual-mode reasoning inspired by cognitive science: i) Reactive Reasoning for straightforward sports queries and ii) Deliberative Reasoning for more complex ones. To bridge the knowledge gap between general-purpose models and domain-specific sports understanding, FineQuest incorporates SSGraph, a multimodal sports knowledge scene graph spanning nine sports, which encodes both visual instances and domain-specific terminology to enhance reasoning accuracy. Furthermore, we introduce two new sports VideoQA benchmarks, Gym-QA and Diving-QA, derived from the FineGym and FineDiving datasets, enabling diverse and comprehensive evaluation. FineQuest achieves state-of-the-art performance on these benchmarks as well as the existing SPORTU dataset, while maintains strong general VideoQA capabilities.

Zheng Wang, Shihao Xu, Wei Shi

Sports analytics has received significant attention from both academia and industry in recent years. Despite the growing interest and efforts in this field, several issues remain unresolved, including (1) data unavailability, (2) lack of an effective trajectory-based framework, and (3) requirement for sufficient supervision labels. In this paper, we present TrajSV, a trajectory-based framework that addresses various issues in existing studies. TrajSV comprises three components: data preprocessing, Clip Representation Network (CRNet), and Video Representation Network (VRNet). The data preprocessing module extracts player and ball trajectories from sports broadcast videos. CRNet utilizes a trajectory-enhanced Transformer module to learn clip representations based on these trajectories. Additionally, VRNet learns video representations by aggregating clip representations and visual features with an encoder-decoder architecture. Finally, a triple contrastive loss is introduced to optimize both video and clip representations in an unsupervised manner. The experiments are conducted on three broadcast video datasets to verify the effectiveness of TrajSV for three types of sports (i.e., soccer, basketball, and volleyball) with three downstream applications (i.e., sports video retrieval, action spotting, and video captioning). The results demonstrate that TrajSV achieves state-of-the-art performance in sports video retrieval, showcasing a nearly 70% improvement. It outperforms baselines in action spotting, achieving state-of-the-art results in 9 out of 17 action categories, and demonstrates a nearly 20% improvement in video captioning. Additionally, we introduce a deployed system along with the three applications based on TrajSV.

Chen-Yueh Chen, Yi-Hsiu Lin, Che-Yi Yang et al.

The purposes of this paper are to develop measurement scale of value co-creation among spectators in professional spectating sporting events by means of Study I and to examine the effects of social media strategies on value co-creation among spectators through Study II. In Study I, a five-phase framework for developing a measurement scale is adopted including items generation, items refinement and edition, exploration of the latent factor structure of the scale and confirmation of reliability, examination of the structure of the factors, and scale validation. In Study II, four quasi-experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of electronic word of mouth, second screen, social media influencer promotion and online donation on value co-creation among spectators. The sample size for Study I and Study II is 830 and 993, respectively. Results obtained from Study I reveal three dimensions of value co-creation among spectators in the context of professional spectating sporting events: event atmosphere, word of mouth, and spectator interaction. Findings from Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in Study II indicate that in Experiment I, positive electronic word of mouth does not help improve value co-creation among spectators while negative electronic word of mouth does decrease value co-creation among spectators. In Experiment II, the second screen under the condition of either positive or negative electronic word of mouth does not exert an influence on value co-creation among spectators. In Experiment III, the effect of social media influencer promotion on value co-creation among spectators is partially supported. In Experiment IV, under the condition of positive electronic word of mouth, the group of donation reveals greater mean score of event atmosphere than that of the counterparts for the group without donation. The findings of this study not only enrich sport management literature in terms of value co-creation, but also provide empirical evidence and practical implications for decision makers of professional spectating sporting events in terms of social media strategies.

Pablo Merino-Muñoz, Felipe Hermosilla-Palma, Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez et al.

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Groin and hip injuries are common in sport, and muscle weakness has been identified as an intrinsic risk factor. So, analyzing the strength of the hip musculature becomes important. To date, there are no hip adductor isometric strength tests on force platforms. This study aims to analyze the intra-test reliability of a hip adductor strength test using force platforms. <b>Methods:</b> The study sample comprised 13 male professional soccer players with an average age of 22.3 ± 3 years, body mass of 75.8 ± 5.4 kg, and height of 1.8 ± 0.1 m. Assessments were conducted on a uniaxial force platform. The variables analyzed are peak force (PF), rate of force development (RFD), and impulse. Intra-test reliability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman plots. <b>Results:</b> Acceptable levels of reliability were identified solely for the variable of peak force, with CV values of D = 5.7% for the dominant profile and ND = 5.4% for the non-dominant profile. Furthermore, moderate and good relative reliability were observed in peak force for the dominant (ICC = 0.706) and non-dominant (ICC = 0.819) profiles, respectively. However, the remaining time-related variables, RFD and impulse, did not achieve acceptable levels of absolute reliability (CV > 10%) and displayed poor to moderate relative reliability. <b>Conclusions</b>: In summary, PF during the hip adductor isometric strength test demonstrated acceptable absolute and commendable relative reliability. Conversely, the time-related variables, specifically RFD and impulse, yielded unsatisfactory absolute and relative reliability levels.

Sema Arslan Kabasakal

Bu çalışmanın amacı sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler çerçevesinde incelenmesi iki faktör arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 23,91±6.32 olan 168’i kadın, 147’si erkek olmak üzere 315 sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara Katılımcı Değerlendirme Formu, Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Bağımsız Örneklem t-Testi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları kapsamında katılımcıların cinsiyetine, bireysel veya takım sporu sürdürme durumuna göre sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının ve psikolojik iyi oluş seviyelerinin istatistiksel olarak farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmanın bir diğer bulgusu ise cinsiyet ve branş fark etmeksizin sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ile psikolojik iyi oluşları arasında orta düzey pozitif yönlü ilişkinin bulunmasıdır (p<0,001). Çalışma sonucunda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik tutumları ile psikolojik sağlıklarının ilişkili olduğu ve bunun branşa ve cinsiyete göre değişmediği sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Bu doğrultuda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını geliştirmenin, psikolojik sağlıklarını iyileştirdiği; psikolojik iyilik halinde artışın sporcularda sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını iyileştirdiği söylenebilir.

Gongan Jiang, Weijun Wang, Yuhao Yang et al.

Abstract Objective Information on pathogens and sensitive antibiotics is crucial for treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), one of the most severe complications of joint arthroplasty. Lacking this information is not uncommon, and empirical antibiotic treatment should be adopted as a compromise. This study aimed to develop regional-specific antimicrobial regimens and provide a reference for empirical antibiotic treatment for PJI by retrospectively analyzing the pathogen profiles of PJI patients treated in our center and their antibiotic sensitivities. Methods PJI patients treated at our center from January 2018 to December 2024 were retrospectively recruited. Joint aspiration was performed preoperatively to collect synovial fluid for culture and differential cell counting, and synovial tissue samples were obtained intraoperatively from at least three different sites for culture. Patients were diagnosed according to the guidelines of the 2018 International Consensus Meeting and the European Bone and Joint Infection Society. The culture-positive rate, distribution of gram-positive pathogens, methicillin resistance, mixed infections, and multidrug resistance were analyzed. The effective coverage rates of antibiotics were determined, and appropriate empirical antibiotic regimens were proposed. Results A total of 255 PJI patients, comprising 104 males and 151 females, were included; 141 patients had hip PJI, and 114 had knee PJI. Among them, 224 patients (87.8%) had positive culture results. We isolated 335 pathogens, including 218 coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections (65.1%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent pathogen, with 86 isolates (25.7%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus, with 45 isolates (13.4%), and Streptococci, with 20 isolates (6.0%). In hip PJI, the most common pathogens were Staphylococcus epidermidis (50 isolates, 26.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (30 isolates, 16.0%), and in knee PJI, Staphylococcus epidermidis was predominant (36 isolates, 24.5%). In terms of drug resistance, 48.1% of the staphylococcal strains were methicillin resistant, and 57.6% of the pathogens were multidrug resistant. Staphylococci showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid but were highly resistant to β-lactams and quinolones. In patients with acute postoperative PJI, the combination of vancomycin combined with ceftazidime was 98.4% effective. In patients with chronic PJI, vancomycin combined with imipenem and meropenem achieved effective coverage rates of 94.4% and 95.5%, respectively. The combination of linezolid with meropenem also achieved a 95.5% effective coverage rate. Conclusion Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant pathogens associated with PJI, with high rates of methicillin resistance and multidrug resistance. The combination of vancomycin and meropenem is an empirical antibiotic regimen for culture-negative chronic PJI patients in this region, with the combination of linezolid and meropenem as an alternative. For patients with culture-negative acute postoperative PJI, vancomycin combined with ceftazidime is suggested as the preferred empirical therapy.

D. Thomas, K. A. Erdman, L. M. Burke

Joachim Gudmundsson, M. Horton

Team-based invasion sports such as football, basketball, and hockey are similar in the sense that the players are able to move freely around the playing area and that player and team performance cannot be fully analysed without considering the movements and interactions of all players as a group. State-of-the-art object tracking systems now produce spatio-temporal traces of player trajectories with high definition and high frequency, and this, in turn, has facilitated a variety of research efforts, across many disciplines, to extract insight from the trajectories. We survey recent research efforts that use spatio-temporal data from team sports as input and involve non-trivial computation. This article categorises the research efforts in a coherent framework and identifies a number of open research questions.

J. Agel, T. Rockwood, D. Klossner

Ryan T. Li, Scott R. Kling, Michael J Salata et al.

Context: Wearable performance devices and sensors are becoming more readily available to the general population and athletic teams. Advances in technology have allowed individual endurance athletes, sports teams, and physicians to monitor functional movements, workloads, and biometric markers to maximize performance and minimize injury. Movement sensors include pedometers, accelerometers/gyroscopes, and global positioning satellite (GPS) devices. Physiologic sensors include heart rate monitors, sleep monitors, temperature sensors, and integrated sensors. The purpose of this review is to familiarize health care professionals and team physicians with the various available types of wearable sensors, discuss their current utilization, and present future applications in sports medicine. Evidence Acquisition: Data were obtained from peer-reviewed literature through a search of the PubMed database. Included studies searched development, outcomes, and validation of wearable performance devices such as GPS, accelerometers, and physiologic monitors in sports. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Wearable sensors provide a method of monitoring real-time physiologic and movement parameters during training and competitive sports. These parameters can be used to detect position-specific patterns in movement, design more efficient sports-specific training programs for performance optimization, and screen for potential causes of injury. More recent advances in movement sensors have improved accuracy in detecting high-acceleration movements during competitive sports. Conclusion: Wearable devices are valuable instruments for the improvement of sports performance. Evidence for use of these devices in professional sports is still limited. Future developments are needed to establish training protocols using data from wearable devices.

Christopher Lai, Jason Mo, Haotian Xia et al.

Classifying fine-grained actions in fast-paced, close-combat sports such as fencing and boxing presents unique challenges due to the complexity, speed, and nuance of movements. Traditional methods reliant on pose estimation or fancy sensor data often struggle to capture these dynamics accurately. We introduce FACTS, a novel transformer-based approach for fine-grained action recognition that processes raw video data directly, eliminating the need for pose estimation and the use of cumbersome body markers and sensors. FACTS achieves state-of-the-art performance, with 90% accuracy on fencing actions and 83.25% on boxing actions. Additionally, we present a new publicly available dataset featuring 8 detailed fencing actions, addressing critical gaps in sports analytics resources. Our findings enhance training, performance analysis, and spectator engagement, setting a new benchmark for action classification in tactical sports.

Yi Xu, Yun Fu

Understanding multi-agent movement is critical across various fields. The conventional approaches typically focus on separate tasks such as trajectory prediction, imputation, or spatial-temporal recovery. Considering the unique formulation and constraint of each task, most existing methods are tailored for only one, limiting the ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously, which is a common requirement in real-world scenarios. Another limitation is that widely used public datasets mainly focus on pedestrian movements with casual, loosely connected patterns, where interactions between individuals are not always present, especially at a long distance, making them less representative of more structured environments. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Unified Trajectory Generation model, UniTraj, that processes arbitrary trajectories as masked inputs, adaptable to diverse scenarios in the domain of sports games. Specifically, we introduce a Ghost Spatial Masking (GSM) module, embedded within a Transformer encoder, for spatial feature extraction. We further extend recent State Space Models (SSMs), known as the Mamba model, into a Bidirectional Temporal Mamba (BTM) to better capture temporal dependencies. Additionally, we incorporate a Bidirectional Temporal Scaled (BTS) module to thoroughly scan trajectories while preserving temporal missing relationships. Furthermore, we curate and benchmark three practical sports datasets, Basketball-U, Football-U, and Soccer-U, for evaluation. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our model. We hope that our work can advance the understanding of human movement in real-world applications, particularly in sports. Our datasets, code, and model weights are available here https://github.com/colorfulfuture/UniTraj-pytorch.

Atom Scott, Ikuma Uchida, Ning Ding et al.

Multi-object tracking (MOT) is a critical and challenging task in computer vision, particularly in situations involving objects with similar appearances but diverse movements, as seen in team sports. Current methods, largely reliant on object detection and appearance, often fail to track targets in such complex scenarios accurately. This limitation is further exacerbated by the lack of comprehensive and diverse datasets covering the full view of sports pitches. Addressing these issues, we introduce TeamTrack, a pioneering benchmark dataset specifically designed for MOT in sports. TeamTrack is an extensive collection of full-pitch video data from various sports, including soccer, basketball, and handball. Furthermore, we perform a comprehensive analysis and benchmarking effort to underscore TeamTrack's utility and potential impact. Our work signifies a crucial step forward, promising to elevate the precision and effectiveness of MOT in complex, dynamic settings such as team sports. The dataset, project code and competition is released at: https://atomscott.github.io/TeamTrack/.