Hasil untuk "Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics"

Philani Brian Mlambo, Koketso Morudu

This mixed-methods study aimed to investigate the centrality of Engineering Graphics and Design (EGD) in technical subjects. Since the introduction of the technical stream, EGD has consistently been one of the compulsory subjects that learners are required to take alongside other trade subjects such as Civil Technology, Electrical Technology, and Mechanical Technology. However, in recent times, some teacher training universities have decided to remove EGD from the list of compulsory subjects for students pursuing the technical stream, a decision that has sparked a range of mixed reactions. Consequently, this necessitated an enquiry through employing purposive sampling to select five technical lecturers in the school of education to gauge their insights. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires and Civil Technology test scores from 56 students. Test scores were analysed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 30 and open-ended questionnaires were analysed thermically. The findings suggest that EGD is very significant to students in the technical stream. This is based on the analysis that revealed that students doing EGD performed better compared to their counterparts in a Civil Technology test. Findings further reveal that lecturers believe EGD should be a mandatory subject for students undertaking technical subject, as it provides foundational knowledge for drawing-related topics covered in technical subjects. Based on this, the study recommends that all students enrolled in the technical stream should be required to take EGD in their first year of study to ensure they acquire essential drawing skills relevant to their field.

Matteo Besenzoni, Tiziano Leidi, Achille Peternier

This reportage presents the successful integration of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the context of the mediaeval archaeological site of Tremona Castello (Switzerland). The primary objective of the initiative is to enhance the site's appeal and accessibility to the general public, by employing state-of-the-art virtual and augmented reality tools to create an immersive, interactive educational experience that allows users to engage with the site and discover its history in a novel way. This approach not only promises to enhance the way archaeological information is presented and experienced but also aims to bridge the gap between historical knowledge and modern technology, including analysis of the technological implementation, user experience design, and the educational value of its integration. Furthermore, it discusses the potential implications of such technologies in preserving and showcasing cultural heritage, thereby opening new avenues for public engagement.

Yuefang Rong, Jian Song, Yuang Zheng et al.

China has entered a new stage of urban renewal, transitioning from extensive development to intensive improvement. Since 2019, responsible planners, as bridges between the government and residents, have become key and active forces in Beijing’s block renewal, who have made valuable explorations in responding to the practical demands of residents and improving the refinement of block design and public participation. At first, this article reviews the development of the responsible planner system and summarizes the work content in different stages. Secondly, working system of responsible planners with a “block-community” linkage is proposed and a closed-loop logic of "research-evaluation-implementation-feedback" is constructed. Finally, taking the renewal practice in Xingfeng Sub-district as an example, the optimizations of community governance and development path under the guidance of “responsible planners” and “participatory design” with Beijing characteristics are put forward.

Andrea Cattabriga

In this edition of Stories, we have collected several significant case studies on the research and education front around the relationship between design cultures and Artificial Intelligence, seeking to emphasise the need to investigate the deeper meanings of this relationship.

Flaviano Celaschi

Editorial

Chiara Olivastri, Giovanna Tagliasco

Today it is increasingly necessary to talk in terms of a circular economy. Design contributes through different disciplines by intervening in materials, production processes and product life cycles, but also through the design of services that develop models of exchange and reuse. The paper illustrates the contribution of service design in the implementation process of the Efficacity project. The first objective of Efficacity is to optimise the collection of bulky waste, through the development of a platform that catalogues and recognises the type of waste through its image. The second goal is to build an infrastructure to intercept the goods before they reach the landfill. Efficacity project is connected to the Surpluse reuse and repair centres, because Efficacity needs Surpluse spaces/social communities, otherwise Surpluse needs Efficacity digital process/social network to improve the network and service offer.

Federica Delprino

Solutions designed for specific niches have over time become integrated into common use, while others have remained the sole purview of small groups, defining and stigmatizing them. Through an analysis of the process that has made many technological solutions created for the disabled into common use for the majority, it is possible to understand when and how designers should intervene in creating their projects to guarantee the accessibility and usability of the resulting artefacts. There are ways to ‘empathize’ and consider users based on their general abilities and technological skills, so as to broaden the meaning and the sphere of accessibility. Deepening users’ needs and ways of interacting, shaping ‘personas’ according to their abilities and not just difficulties, can help design more inclusively. This approach makes possible not only the scalability and inclusiveness of the end result but also of the design tools, focusing on specific needs without being exclusionary.

Ekaterina Pozdeeva, Sergei Ketov, Sergey Vernov

We study the Starobinsky–Bel–Robinson inflationary model in the slow-roll regime. In the framework of higher-curvature corrections to inflationary parameters, we estimate the maximal possible value of the dimensionless positive coupling constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> coming from M-theory.

Kenath Arun, Chandra Sivaram, Avijeet Prasad

One of the biggest challenges in modern physics is how to unify gravity with quantum theory. There is an absence of a complete quantum theory of gravity, and conventionally it is thought that the effects of quantum gravity occur only at high energies (Planck scale). Here, we suggest that certain novel quantum effects of gravity can become significant even at lower energies and could be tested at laboratory scales. We also suggest a few indirect effects of dark energy that can show up at laboratory scales. Using these ideas, we set observational constraints on radio recombination lines of the Rydberg atoms. We further suggest that high-precision measurements of Casimir effects for smaller plate separation could also show some manifestations of the presence of dark energy.

Carla Langella, Amilton J. V. Arruda, Carmelo Di Bartolo

The paper aims to propose an overview of biomimetic design, exploring its features from a methodological and critical point of view, highlighting its potential but also its limits, ambiguities, risks, and obscurities. Critical interpretations of biomimetic design are presented through a method based on comparative literature review. This was filtered by several crucial questions aimed at highlighting the effectiveness and value of design approaches based on the observation and emulation of nature in our current historical period. Semantic choices, market impact, efficiency of methods, interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical and environmental consequences are some of the issues analysed. These themes have been selected taking into consideration open and unresolved matters within the international state of the art, in order to trace possible evolutionary strategies for the biomimetic approach, relating it to the current social, economic, political and technological scenario.

Kim Frederic Albrecht

This document introduces the various questions, blockades, and off-centre paths encountered in researching and designing a project around tweets with hashtags related to the MeToo Movement. What the paper offers is a perspective on the process of designing with data from a constructivist perspective. Rather than asking what representation fits the data, we reverse the question on two levels. First, the data: we took authorship by selecting the data, and by making choices away from the algorithmic and the superlative. And second on the level of visualisation. Rather than finding the right chart type for the data, we ask what we want the data to be imagined as.

José de la O, Renata Fenton

This interview was intended to be a conversation between two different experts: the Interviewer, José de la O, designed the questions based on his experience in the relationship and challenges between Design and the Mexican context. The Interviewee, Renata Fenton, co-founder of Isla Urbana, based her answers on her experience in practicing design in diverse rural, peri-urban and urban communities around Mexico. Isla Urbana (Urban Island), is a Mexican company that focuses on designing and installing rainwater harvesting systems. By using participative methods, the company works through the construction of a hybrid work model.

Elisabetta Cianfanelli, Margherita Tufarelli, Maria Claudia Coppola

Digital transformation (DX) drives transversal change, breaking disciplinary silos to transition to more sustainable paradigms through new ontological and epistemological frameworks. This has consequences on product design and development too: since DX concerns cultural and meaning shifts, it enhances product development as a high-intensity knowledge-based process. Thus, product design shifts into its “Advanced” stage, enacting transcendence and translation of different kinds of knowledge into future-oriented artefacts. This highlights new needs in the generation and transmission of Advanced Design knowledge stemming from future artefact production instances. By focusing on recent challenges rising in product design and development, this paper aims to discuss the cultural intermediation enacted by Advanced Design knowledge through the results of an applied research experience.

Farid Triawan, Gloria Ellysian Aprilia, Kushendarsyah Saptaji et al.

Crispness is the most appealing characteristic of dry food products. However, the term crispness has different subjective meaning among consumers. This study aims to quantitatively measure the crispness of potato crisp by performing compression test on a single specimen, and analyzing the compressive behavior, i.e., compressive strain energy. The crispness of the specimens were differentiated by changing the moisture exposure durations, which are 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 hours, in a room and ambient condition. The measured load and displacement data were transformed into stress and strain curves. The strain energy for every 1% strain increment was calculated and investigated to determine the crispness. The crispness difference among specimens of 0, 3, and 6 hours groups was significantly perceived at 8% of strain. It was revealed that the 3 and 6 hours of room air exposure could decrease the crispness by 17% and 45%, respectively. This suggests the compressive strain energy at a certain strain can be an indicator of crispness. This experimental study is expected to evolve food engineering by proposing a simple yet precise crispness measurement method for dry food.

Suzana Poslon, Dorotea Kovačević, Maja Brozović

Packaging appearance is important in evoking consumer impressions. No study has yet explored how two prominent packaging attributes, shape and material, affect the consumers’ impressions and their expectations in the case of coffee products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the packaging shape has an impact on the taste intensity expected by the consumer, and whether packaging materials influence the expected coffee quality. In an online experiment, 115 participants evaluated different packaging samples. They rated the expected taste intensity for packaging samples that varied in shape complexity (i.e., cylindrical, roundedangular, hexagonal and multifaceted). They also rated the expected coffee quality for packaging samples that varied in material (i.e., plastic, aluminium, glass and metal). The results showed that the packaging with a higher degree of shape complexity was associated with a higher taste intensity. Furthermore, we found a negative effect of glass on the expectation of product quality. The findings could be applied in product packaging design which aims to match the expected and actual characteristics of the product.

S. Pylypaka, V. Nesvidomin

The creation of a school on applied geometry at the National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine is associated with the names of the so-called prof. Obukhova Violetta and prof. Rozov Seraphim. Thanks to these outstanding personalities, the Department of Drawing Geometry and Mechanical Engineering of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy (the old name of the department and university) became widely known in the former Soviet Union. Members of the department annually honor the memory of prof. Obukhova V., hold a scientific and practical conference «Obukhov Readings». Now the conference has acquired international status and is held by order of the rector of the university. The conference is attended by teachers from Kiev universities, from universities in other cities, scientists who had to work with V.S. Obukhova or listen to her lectures, being students, doctoral students, graduate students. The development of the school is evidenced by the fact that over the past 15 years, 15 PhD theses have been defended by former graduate students of the department. Some of them are working on doctoral dissertations. Today, the scientific school was headed by Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of Pilipakа Sergey. Under his leadership, 17 master's theses and 3 doctoral dissertations were defended. It should be noted that the range of scientific research of the school representatives is quite wide. Many publications focus on bending surfaces based on the invariability of the expression of a linear surface element. The main area of research is geometric modeling of technical forms and automation of their design. In the field of view of scientists - the design of unfolding surfaces, as a bypass single-parameter set of planes, the location on the surfaces of geodetic lines and their design according to a given curve, which should be a geodetic line for the surface and interpolation of a point series in plane and space.

R. R. Anamova, S. Leonova, T. Khvesyuk

It is obvious that the fundamental knowledge of the general technical discipline “Engineering graphics” should be in combination with a practical course of computer graphics, which allows students to integrate into the aviation products development system at the contemporary level. The article highlighted the need of design teaching at the initial stage of engineering and computer graphics study process. A drawing methodology includes 3D-modeling in a computer aided design program named COMPAS-3D. It is described a specific example of the mechanical part (aviation detail's elements – balancers) with complex shape modeling algorithm in the application to the manufacturing technology of real products (casting, stamping, mechanical processing). Drawings development is based on 3D-modeling in COMPAS-3D. Proposed methodology was tested during engineering and computer graphics lessons in Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).

R. R. Anamova, S. Leonova, T. Khvesyuk

It is obvious that the fundamental knowledge of the general technical discipline “Engineering graphics” should be in combination with a practical course of computer graphics, which allows students to integrate into the aviation products development system at the contemporary level. The article highlighted the need of design teaching at the initial stage of engineering and computer graphics study process. A drawing methodology includes 3D-modeling in a computer aided design program named COMPAS-3D. It is described a specific example of the mechanical part (aviation detail's elements – holders) with complex shape modeling algorithm in the application to the manufacturing technology of real products (casting, stamping, mechanical processing). Drawings development is based on 3D-modeling in COMPAS-3D. Proposed methodology was tested during engineering and computer graphics lessons in Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).

The article considers the structure of the discipline “Engineering Graphics” which is based on the modern solid modeling technologies in the environment of software products made by Autodesk, and on traditional methods of Descriptive geometry, Mechanical drawing and Design planning. The characteristic of modern PDM-technologies is given. Special attention is paid to the issues of traditional and modern design methods compatibility. The objectives of the course “Engineering Graphics” are outlined. Some examples of graphic work, training and control methods are given. The place of the discipline “Engineering Graphics” in the General structure of educational process of training of highly qualified specialists for machine-building enterprises is defined.