Hasil untuk "Management of special enterprises"

Yao Zhang, Hongyin Zhu

Enterprise-scale knowledge management faces significant challenges in integrating multi-source heterogeneous data and enabling effective semantic reasoning. Traditional knowledge graphs often struggle with implicit relationship discovery and lack sufficient semantic understanding for complex question answering. To address these limitations, we introduce a unified construct--align--reason framework, the large ontology model (LOM). We first build a dual-layer enterprise ontology from structured databases and unstructured text, subsequently fusing these sources into a comprehensive enterprise ontology. To enable instruction-aligned reasoning, we propose a unified three-stage training pipeline: ontology instruction fine-tuning to improve structural understanding; text-ontology grounding to strengthen node semantic encoding; and multi-task instruction tuning on ontology-language pairs with curriculum learning to enhance semantic reasoning and generation. We also construct comprehensive training and evaluation datasets covering diverse ontology reasoning tasks. On this benchmark, our 4B-parameter LOM achieves 89.47% accuracy and outperforms DeepSeek-V3.2 on complex graph reasoning, indicating effective fusion of ontology structure and language.

Leoncio Jimenez

To conceptualize living systems based on the processes that create them, rather than their interactions with the environment, as in systems theory. Maturana and Varela (1969) at the University of Chile introduced the term autopoiesis (from Greek self and production). This concept emphasizes autonomy as the defining feature of living systems. It describes them as self-sustaining entities that preserve their identity through continuous self-renewal to preserve their unity. Furthermore, these systems can only be understood in reference to themselves, as all internal activities are inherently self-determined by self-production and self-referentiality. This thesis introduces the Fuzzy Autopoietic Knowledge Management (FAKM) model, which integrates the system theory of living systems, the cybernetic theory of viable systems, and the autopoiesis theory of autopoietic systems. The goal is to move beyond traditional knowledge management models that rely on Cartesian dualism (cognition/action) where knowledge is treated as symbolic information processing. Instead, the FAKM model adopts a dualism of organization/structure to define an autopoietic system within a sociotechnical approach. The model is experimentally applied to a manufacturing company in the Maule Region, south of Santiago, Chile.

Viktoriia Sotnyk, Nataliia Bober, Vladislav Sotnyk et al.

The functioning of all economic entities, including export-oriented enterprises, affects the level and development of the national economy. Therefore, most of them focus on implementing innovative projects that will allow them to achieve higher efficiency indicators and enter new markets. In this context, important issues include examining the management system at these enterprises, assessing possible risks that affect their activities, and the role of strategic communications in this process. The main aim of this article is to reveal the features of programme and project management in export-oriented enterprises to ensure their economic security. Taking this into account, the article examines the scientific approaches to defining the concept of "programme and project management" and the necessity of its use in enterprise activities. Additionally, an effective project management cycle for export-oriented enterprises was developed, and risks that affect project implementation possibilities were assessed. The role of strategic communications in programme and project management of export-oriented enterprises was researched, and recommendations aimed at improving their existing management system were provided. During the research, general and special scientific research methods were used, particularly methods of logical generalisation and scientific abstraction in the process of summarising approaches to the features of programme and project management use at export-oriented enterprises; methods of comparative and structural and factor analysis in developing an effective project management cycle at export-oriented enterprises; induction and deduction methods used to examine the assessment of critical risks that affect project implementation possibilities and the role of strategic communications at export-oriented enterprises. For the first time, this article analyses the features of using programme and project management at export-oriented enterprises in connection with the application of the modern OASIS communication management model, which will provide an effective approach to planning, implementing, and evaluating enterprise strategies. The authors assessed the risks that impact this management system of these enterprises. The practical significance of the article is that the implementation of programme and project management at export-oriented enterprises and the use of the OASIS communication management model can become tools not only for successful project implementation but also for establishing strategic communications with external investors and potential partners.

Yibo Wang, Nuttapong Jotikasthira

With the rapid and drastic changes in the business environment, supply chain management has become one of the key factors for the success of enterprises. This study focuses on exploring the impact of supply chain efficiency on customer satisfaction, with special attention to three key factors: service quality, delivery time and price transparency. Through quantitative analysis, it is found that these factors have a significant effect on improving customer satisfaction. The results show that quality service, efficient delivery and clear pricing strategies significantly improve customer satisfaction. In addition, customer trust has been found to mediate between these factors and customer satisfaction. This study provides practical suggestions for enterprises in supply chain management to enhance their competitive advantage.

A. Wulandari, M. A. I. M. J. Diko

This study explores the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Human Resource management practices in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, with a special focus on the efficiency of creating Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and recruitment processes. Using a quantitative approach and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SMART PLS, data was collected from 307 MSMEs that have adopted AI. The results of the study show that AI significantly improves SOP creation and recruitment efficiency, which has a positive impact on the overall performance of MSMEs. However, challenges such as resource limitations and potential bias in AI systems also need to be considered. These findings suggest that the adoption of AI in MSMEs can drive substantial operational improvements. This research provides valuable insights for MSMEs looking to leverage AI to gain a competitive advantage and emphasizes the need for AI solutions tailored to the needs of this sector.

E. Hoyt

Abstract:Ecotourism in the Atlantic islands region is well-established and growing. Still, in the whale watching and marine tourism sector, many so-called ecotourism enterprises fail to achieve the minimum standards required to qualify as ecotourism. In the Atlantic islands area, approximately 1.7 million people a year go whale watching, with a total expenditure of US$133 million. In this region, the 90 existing marine protected areas (MPAs) where cetaceans are present and the 59 proposed MPAs represent nearly 27 per cent of all MPAs with cetaceans worldwide. When whale watching is conducted in a sustainable manner, especially in or near a cetacean MPA, and with other regulations in place, it has the capacity to take a leading role in the development of an island-based ecotourism industry. Yet few MPAs have management plans that include strategies for sustainable ecotourism. Sustainable ecotourism depends, firstly, on the maintenance of a pristine natural environment. Using a cost benefit analysis approach (CBA), managers can enhance the benefits or values of ecotourism and reduce the costs. CBA can be a key part of a framework for sustainable ecotourism that includes a stakeholder-agreed management plan, a legal structure, such as an MPA, together with environmental legislation and a strategy for evaluating sustainability that includes periodic review. The management plan should also set a carrying capacity for ecotourism.

Jun Cui

This study examines the impact of DevOps practices on enterprise software delivery success, focusing on enhancing R&D efficiency and source code management (SCM). Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected from case studies of large-scale enterprises implementing DevOps to explore how these practices streamline software development processes. Findings reveal that DevOps significantly improves R&D productivity by fostering cross-functional collaboration, reducing development cycle times, and enhancing software quality through effective SCM practices, such as version control and continuous integration. Additionally, SCM tools within DevOps enable precise change tracking and reliable code maintenance, further supporting faster, more robust software delivery. However, the study identifies challenges, including cultural resistance and tool integration issues, that can hinder DevOps implementation. Additionally, This research contributes to the growing body of DevOps literature by highlighting the role of R&D efficiency and SCM as crucial factors for software delivery success. Future studies should investigate these factors across diverse industries to validate findings.

Feride Naime Türk

It is important for waste management to economically evaluate the solid leach residues released in zinc production facilities and classified as hazardous waste due to the metals they contain, without harming the environment and human health. Although the disposal of these residues often requires special technologies, hazardous wastes are left to the environment or landfills due to the expense of these technologies and the inadequacy of legal sanctions in some cases. For this reason, it is important from an economic and environmental perspective to evaluate these residues and bring them into the industry. In this study, lead cake formed during zinc extraction production, brought from Kayseri Çinkur enterprises, was used. Since this waste contains high amounts of lead as well as zinc and iron, the conditions for removing phosphate from aqueous solutions were investigated. Phosphate removal adsorption isotherms were obtained using the obtained batch test results. Additionally, some thermodynamic quantities regarding phosphate removal were calculated. As a result of the experiment, it was determined that the P removal efficiency from aqueous solutions significantly depends on the solution pH and the dose of waste lead cake. It was also determined that phosphate removal from aqueous solutions obeyed the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Additionally, it was observed that phosphate adsorption equilibrium was established after a period of 120 min. By mixing 100 mg/L phosphate solution with pH 7.69 with 20 g/L lead cake without any addition and contacting for 120 minutes, approximately 74% of the phosphate can be effectively removed by adsorption.

D. Yu. Baydarov, D. Yu. Faikov

The wave-like nature of the state defense order confirms the need to diversify the defense enterprises’ activities as a way to improve their sustainability and development, which allows them to maintain the required level of the country’s defense capability and economy mobilization readiness. Diversification into the civilian goods sphere makes it possible to use the defense industry complex competencies and resources to strengthen the country’s technological sovereignty and move towards technological leadership.   The purpose of the study is to substantiate a set of measures for forming institutional environment and management system of defense-industrial complex diversification.   The article considers the foreign experience of defense industry diversification and identifies the principles of interest for Russian enterprises. The systemic difficulties of defense industry complex diversification of methodological, institutional, organizational, socio-economic nature have been revealed. The fundamental bases for its effective implementation have been substantiated, including institutional conditions formation with a special administrative and legal regime, strategic technology transfer system organization, scientific and technological forecasting and planning system, the creation of a defense-industrial complex diversification three-level management system and a legal framework. The basis for the latter should be the federal law “On Diversification of the Defense Industrial Complex Organizations’ Activities”, and the first step should be the preparation of the Defense Industrial Complex Organizations’ Activities Diversification Concept.

Miftahul Huda, Ahmad Suminto , Amelia Septiyani et al.

The country’s economy slowdown causes the affected exchange rate or exchange rate to weaken, and Bank Indonesia’s interest rate policy at the time of the economic downturn decreases, it has an impact on the stock index in the JII. This research aims to determine the influence of macroeconomics on the IHS in JII. The method used is quantitative research, with an analysis model using the VAR technique. The data used is secondary data of a time series. The research results show that the influence of the ISSI and BI rate responded positively, while inflation responded positively. The exchange rate variable responded negatively to JII shocks until the end of the period. The results of the FEVD test show that the largest contribution was JII, inflation, ISSI, and BI rate, and the smallest contribution to JII was the exchange rate. Implication and recommendation this research are Bank Indonesia as the institution responsible for controlling inflation, can maintain inflation stability, lower the exchange rate against the dollar and maintain interest rate stability.

A. L. Symonenko, Ya. I. Hlushchenko

Abstract. The article explores the implementation of innovative Industry 4.0 technologies in the energy sector of Ukraine. It investigates key issues in the energy sector, including the reduction of electricity production capacities due to destruction, capture, and damage to property, low levels of innovation activity in energy enterprises, high energy intensity of production, moral and physical aging of equipment, and a low influx of foreign direct investments into Ukraine's energy sphere. The majority of the analyzed period indicates a relatively low level of interest from foreign investors in the examined sector of the domestic economy. The study identifies the Industry 4.0 toolkit applicable for the restoration of damaged and modernization of outdated infrastructure, enhancing the efficiency of Ukraine's energy sector. It is noted that among the tools, special attention should be paid to monitoring and forecasting systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, integrated digital platforms, smart financial technologies, smart meters, remote monitoring systems, and artificial intelligence. The author emphasizes the peculiarities of applying this toolkit to solve the diagnosed problems in the energy sector of Ukraine. It is noted that the use of Industry 4.0 tools, namely the Internet of Things and big data analytics, can significantly improve the monitoring and management of energy processes. The problem of low innovation activity of Ukrainian energy companies can be solved by creating integrated digital platforms and developing partnerships between companies to share innovations. The use of smart financial technologies can make Ukraine's energy sector more attractive to investors. The high level of electricity losses during generation and distribution can be addressed by introducing smart meters and remote monitoring systems.

Igor Britchenko

: The article is devoted to studying innovative approaches to enterprise management in conditions of economic instability. The main goal of the research was to identify and analyse the impact of innovative strategies and management methods on the development of enterprises’ innovative potential during economic crises. To achieve this goal, special and general academic research methods were used, in particular ‘synthesis’ and ‘generalisation’, which were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative approaches in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of unpredictable changes in the business environment. As a result of the study, it was found that, in conditions of economic instability, innovations in enterprise management should focus on strengthening innovative potential and production and on the technical improvement of business processes for which the formation of innovative strategies is necessary. It has been found that enterprises that actively implement innovative management methods in their activities have more chances to ensure their sustainability in challenging business conditions and, with this transformation of management practices, create conditions for dynamic growth and development of their innovative potential. As a result of the study, it has been established that using innovative approaches contributes to improving the efficiency of enterprise resource management, improves interaction with counterparties, and stimulates the further implementation of innovative solutions in production. Based on the research, the understanding and principles of forming innovative management strategies for enterprises in conditions of economic instability have been improved. In addition, a set of recommendations has been formed for enterprises and organisations regarding strengthening the management system based on innovative solutions to ensure the stability and dynamic development of business processes in crisis trends.

O. Garafonova, R. Yankovoi, Hanna Zhosan et al.

This article explores international experience in applying innovative financial management strategies for business revitalization in the post-war period in Ukraine. Special attention is given to the destruction of industrial and infrastructural objects, as well as the tactics employed by the russian military aggression aimed at undermining the country's economic potential and creating a humanitarian disaster. The article also analyzes the issue of financing the post-crisis development of enterprises in Ukraine and discusses various sources of funding such as development funds, grants, subsidies, and other financial instruments. However, further research is needed to propose an effective strategic model for revitalizing enterprises in the liberated territories, particularly in the southern part of Ukraine. The findings of this study will contribute to understanding and applying innovative financial strategies for business recovery in Ukraine after the war period, as well as developing effective approaches to support enterprises in the post-crisis period. This article sheds light on international experiences in employing innovative financial management strategies to revitalize businesses in post-war Ukraine. The insights gained from this research will contribute to understanding and implementing effective financial approaches for business recovery in the aftermath of war, as well as supporting the activation of entrepreneurship during the post-crisis period.

Zhenglong Li, Hejun Huang, Vincent Tam

Reinforcement learning (RL) based investment strategies have been widely adopted in portfolio management (PM) in recent years. Nevertheless, most RL-based approaches may often emphasize on pursuing returns while ignoring the risks of the underlying trading strategies that may potentially lead to great losses especially under high market volatility. Therefore, a risk-manageable PM investment framework integrating both RL and barrier functions (BF) is proposed to carefully balance the needs for high returns and acceptable risk exposure in PM applications. Up to our understanding, this work represents the first attempt to combine BF and RL for financial applications. While the involved RL approach may aggressively search for more profitable trading strategies, the BF-based risk controller will continuously monitor the market states to dynamically adjust the investment portfolio as a controllable measure for avoiding potential losses particularly in downtrend markets. Additionally, two adaptive mechanisms are provided to dynamically adjust the impact of risk controllers such that the proposed framework can be flexibly adapted to uptrend and downtrend markets. The empirical results of our proposed framework clearly reveal such advantages against most well-known RL-based approaches on real-world data sets. More importantly, our proposed framework shed lights on many possible directions for future investigation.

Narges Larijani, Morteza Shafiee, Seyyed Ismail Najafi

The present study aims to identify the cultural strategies of the ecotourism centers of Mazandaran province with an approach based on thematic analysis. This study is practical based on the purpose. The qualitative research approach and the statistical population included 137 narratives related to cultural strategies of Mazandaran province ecotourism centers in online social media. One hundred thirteen narratives were analyzed with the help of theoretical saturation and judgmental sampling. Narratives were manually coded by searching tourism websites and using a three-step open, central, and selective method, and then based on the SWOT method; different points were combined and shown in the form of a network of topics. The results indicate the identification of 10 organizing themes and 75 basic themes regarding the cultural strategies of the eco-tourism centers of Mazandaran province as comprehensive themes. Also, the results show that the cultural strategies of Mazandaran eco-tourism centers include a learning culture strategy, e-learning culture strategy, technology application culture strategy, creative tourism culture strategy, food tourism culture strategy, green culture strategy, social-cultural strategy, artistic, cultural strategy, economic, cultural strategy, and cultural marketing strategy.Introduction Ecotourism is a new type of tourism that appeals to educated and adventurous personalities who enjoy undeveloped and unspoiled natural, cultural, and historical places. Developing ecotourism aims to protect the nature of areas by providing income, protecting the environment, and educating and involving local communities. To develop the culture of ecotourism, the culture of ecotourism centers must be compatible with its strategies. Otherwise, they prepare themselves to face almost a strategic failure. Having multiple strategies is essential to having a successful system. These strategies reflect tangible and intangible organizational objectives and are determined by strategic management. A manager can determine the strategies and how to implement them through strategic management. Then, organizations are evaluated based on the implementation of these strategies. Organizations that implement strategies achieve a high level of performance. In this regard, identifying the cultural strategies of ecotourism can be one of the essential steps in moving the ecotourism cycle forward and introducing potential capabilities. Through cultural strategies, plans to strengthen the region's potential and development can be effectively advanced. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify the dimensions of cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran province. MethodologyThe approach of this research is qualitative, and its strategy is narrative analysis. The statistical population includes all narratives related to the cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran province (websites and blogs), which amounted to 137 narratives, and the sample size was estimated based on the logic of the judgmental sampling method. To achieve this goal, all published narratives on websites and blogs were first examined to determine the author and date of composition. Additionally, websites and blogs containing narratives about ecotourism centers in Mazandaran province were categorized. Then, these media were examined based on their communication channels and accessibility to their managers and audiences, the level of visitors, and the presence of electronic trust symbols. Those lacking such features were excluded from the research domain, and only 113 selected narratives were considered. After identifying the themes, they were manually coded in three open, axial, and selective coding stages and displayed on the thematic network. In addition, sub-strategies were also presented based on the SWOT Method and by combining different points. Discussion and conclusionIn this study, in response to the question raised, using the narrative Analysis Method and three Open, Axial, and Selective Coding Methods, as well as the SWOT Model, ten organizational themes, 75 basic themes, and one overarching theme, namely the cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran Province, were identified and displayed on the thematic network. In response to the main question, the results indicate that ecotourism centers should focus on the cultural learning strategy to attract tourists. Additionally, the results show that the electronic cultural learning strategy, food tourism culture strategy, and creative tourism culture strategy are cultural strategies that previous research needs to pay more attention to but are important for ecotourism. In addition, the green culture strategy is another strategy that previous research has primarily referred to as a green strategy in other statistical societies and not in tourism industries or ecotourism centers. Although it has similar indicators and criteria, such as health, non-pollution, cost-effectiveness, and adherence to environmental commitments, none have been referred to as a green cultural strategy. The social-cultural strategy is another dimension of cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran Province. Another result was the artistic and cultural strategy, which, although previous research has focused on various arts to attract tourists to ecotourism centers, has yet to be referred to and examined as a cultural strategy. Finally, the results showed that the economic, cultural, and cultural marketing strategies are other dimensions of the cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran Province.ConclusionOverall, the results showed that ecotourism centers that intend to improve their performance could use cultural strategies such as the learning culture strategy, electronic cultural learning strategy, technology application culture strategy, creative tourism culture strategy, food tourism culture strategy, green culture strategy, social-cultural strategy, artistic, cultural strategy, economic, cultural strategy, and cultural marketing strategy to achieve their objectives.

Ahmad Nazari Torshizi, Zahra Hemmat Yar, Javad Gholamian et al.

Purpose: Today, there are sizable chunk of cities in the world, trying to introduce themselves as destination brands in various areas. Given that, this study aimed to explain the effective factors on destination branding in the field of sports tourism in Mashhad. Method: This study was of applied research, from the view point of purpose, and also, in terms of its nature, it was in the field of exploratory research, furthermore, in terms of data collection, it was of a descriptive-survey type. Also, due to the use of Q methodology, it was a type of mixed research (quantitative-qualitative). The statistical population included marketing and branding specialists, sports tourism experts, sports management professors and people active in the field of tourism who had complete knowledge of Mashhad. For this purpose, theoretical saturation was achieved after in-depth and semi-structured interviewing 16 experts selected purposefully and finally 26 people completed the Q questionnaire. Results: The data obtained from sorting the Q statements were entered into SPSS software version 26 and analyzed through varimax rotation (exploratory factor analysis). The priority of these models were infrastructural factors, inner city situation, cultural activities, commercial creativities, urban essence, and transportation, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this research emphasize the strengthening of indicators such as suitable access to the Internet, managerial decisions, cultural diversity, the existence of suitable places and markets, the potential of the region and the smoothness of traffic and roads in order to make the destination as a brand in Mashhad's sports tourism.

Xi Chen, Jiameng Lyu, Yining Wang et al.

In addition to maximizing the total revenue, decision-makers in lots of industries would like to guarantee balanced consumption across different resources. For instance, in the retailing industry, ensuring a balanced consumption of resources from different suppliers enhances fairness and helps main a healthy channel relationship; in the cloud computing industry, resource-consumption balance helps increase customer satisfaction and reduce operational costs. Motivated by these practical needs, this paper studies the price-based network revenue management (NRM) problem with both demand learning and fair resource-consumption balancing. We introduce the regularized revenue, i.e., the total revenue with a balancing regularization, as our objective to incorporate fair resource-consumption balancing into the revenue maximization goal. We propose a primal-dual-type online policy with the Upper-Confidence-Bound (UCB) demand learning method to maximize the regularized revenue. We adopt several innovative techniques to make our algorithm a unified and computationally efficient framework for the continuous price set and a wide class of balancing regularizers. Our algorithm achieves a worst-case regret of $\widetilde O(N^{5/2}\sqrt{T})$, where $N$ denotes the number of products and $T$ denotes the number of time periods. Numerical experiments in a few NRM examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in simultaneously achieving revenue maximization and fair resource-consumption balancing

Bent Flyvbjerg

Behavioral science has witnessed an explosion in the number of biases identified by behavioral scientists, to more than 200 at present. This article identifies the 10 most important behavioral biases for project management. First, we argue it is a mistake to equate behavioral bias with cognitive bias, as is common. Cognitive bias is half the story; political bias the other half. Second, we list the top 10 behavioral biases in project management: (1) strategic misrepresentation, (2) optimism bias, (3) uniqueness bias, (4) the planning fallacy, (5) overconfidence bias, (6) hindsight bias, (7) availability bias, (8) the base rate fallacy, (9) anchoring, and (10) escalation of commitment. Each bias is defined, and its impacts on project management are explained, with examples. Third, base rate neglect is identified as a primary reason that projects underperform. This is supported by presentation of the most comprehensive set of base rates that exist in project management scholarship, from 2,062 projects. Finally, recent findings of power law outcomes in project performance are identified as a possible first stage in discovering a general theory of project management, with more fundamental and more scientific explanations of project outcomes than found in conventional theory.

Hang Zhang

With the continuous development of sports in China, the tentacles of the sports industry have extended to all walks of life in China. At the same time, with the development of information and network, the information exchange between enterprises and between enterprises and between enterprises and customers is also increasing. How to use the existing information technology to provide enterprises and customers with special information about the sports industry has become a focus of the author’s thinking. Combining the development of our city’s sports industry, based on B/S mode, with ASP.NET for the development of technology, designed specifically for sports enterprises and users to provide an information exchange platform, this paper studies the user-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm and its application in sports industry information service management system, to design and develop the corresponding sports industry information service management system.

Hamed Fallah Tafti, Mahnaz Doosti-Irani

Introduction: The growing number of travel agencies in major cities means a wider range of choices for tourists, which in turn leads to increased competition in the business. The city of Isfahan is no exception to this rule and the existence of several agencies in it has created a wide competition for the owners of these jobs. Undoubtedly, having loyal customers in the face of fierce competition, as well as dealing with the crisis - especially the crisis that the Covid 19 virus has created for the tourism industry - will help travel agencies to be more resilient and economically viable. Therefore, the mentioned conditions have made the owners of these agencies to use every opportunity to convince their customers that they are performing better than their competitors; One of these opportunities is Social Network. In recent years, the widespread use of social networking through the advent of smartphones has made information available anywhere and anytime. The popularity and widespread use of these networks provides an opportunity for business owners to connect online with their customers and use these networks to improve their position in a competitive market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of online interaction on the Instagram social network on the loyalty of customers of travel agencies. Loyalty consists of four dimensions, which are cognitive, affective, conative and behavioral loyalty. Cognitive loyalty means preferring one brand over other brands due to knowing that brand and the benefit it has for the customer. This type of loyalty is very weak because it is quickly lost by improving or promoting the competitors' brand. Affective loyalty is achieved when a person feels good about a brand as well as satisfied with it as a result of increasing knowledge. Conative loyalty (tendency to be loyal) is achieved when the customer intends to repeat the purchase, but this action is not certain and may not lead to a purchase. Finally, behavioral loyalty emphasizes repeat purchases and their amount (Sotude et al., 2014; Van Asperen et al., 2017). Customer interaction with the brand in social networks is also formed in two ways: passive and active interaction. Passive interaction is when the so-called customer is just a consumer of content on social media and only reads and views other users' posts and comments. While active interaction is when the audience is involved in creating the content and it is when the customer comments on the content, raises questions and comments, informs the brand owner about their needs, encourages his/her friends to visit this page, and shares brand posts with others (Van Asperen et al., 2017). Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of the research, the following questions are raised: To what extent does each dimension of interaction affect each dimension of customer loyalty? Does passive interaction have a sufficient impact on all aspects of loyalty, or should try to users participate actively in the social network? Which dimension of loyalty is most affected by online interactions? How will customer loyalty change if travel agencies lose active engagement on the Instagram network? Methodology: The research is exploratory in terms of purpose and has an applied orientation, and its statistical sample consisted of 12 university experts and managers of travel agencies in Isfahan who use the social network Instagram in their business. Sampling was performed by purposive method. The research was conducted using fuzzy cognitive mapping technique. The research variables are online interactions and customer loyalty, the dimensions of which were determined by studying the research literature and with the approval of experts. In order to collect data, a matrix questionnaire was prepared in which the research factors were listed in the first row and the first column, and in other boxes the effect of the factor in the relevant row on each column of the table was written using the opinion of experts (numbers ranging from negative to positive One). For this purpose, the researchers distributed the questionnaire in person among the experts and after explaining the questions and how to answer them, entered the answers received in the questionnaire. Finally, the input matrix to the software was obtained from the average opinion of experts and analyzed, and the research graph was drawn. Finally, the active interaction elimination scenario was defined, and its results were compared with the initial results. Results and discussion: Findings showed that the most influential factor is active interaction and the most affected factor is behavioral loyalty. Interaction, and especially active interaction, affects all dimensions of loyalty, especially behavioral loyalty. Also, by eliminating active interaction, customer loyalty is greatly reduced, the results showed that passive online interaction has the greatest effect on behavioral loyalty, conative loyalty, cognitive loyalty and affective loyalty, respectively. On the other hand, there is an inverse relationship between types of loyalty and passive interaction, and the most impact on passive online interaction is related to conative loyalty, behavioral loyalty, affective loyalty and finally cognitive loyalty, respectively. Active online interaction has the greatest impact on behavioral loyalty, conative loyalty, cognitive loyalty and finally affective loyalty, respectively. All dimensions of loyalty also affect active online interaction, which the most impact is related to affective, behavioral, cognitive and conative loyalty, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that travel agencies can retain their customers more than ever before by relying on online interaction, but relying on passive interaction is not enough, and to have more loyal customers, travel agency managers need to focus on active audience participation on social network. According to the findings of this study, some practical suggestions for agency owners to increase customer loyalty are: Focus on activity in social networks, and increase the number of hits, frequent content updates, use of posts that are more attractive to the customer, and create opportunities that invite followers to actively participate, including encouraging users to comment and request feedback, following user feedback and trying to discover their needs, as well as trying to get feedback from customers who have purchased from the agency and considering incentive schemes for active users.