Hasil untuk "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"

H. Braverman

Mijin Kim

This study empirically examines the impact of information acquisition channels on the overall performance of artists by distinguishing between traditional relational information channels and online platform-based digital information channels. Drawing on social capital theory and discussions regarding the hierarchical structure of the artistic labor market, this research analyzes these effects through a dual process: “quantitative productivity” and “income conversion efficiency.” Data from the [2024 Survey on the Conditions of Artists] (N=4,931) by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism were utilized for the analysis. First, a quasi-Poisson regression model was employed to analyze the quantitative effects of information channels on productivity (activities and contracts). Subsequently, an OLS regression model including interaction terms was applied to verify whether the efficiency of converting productivity into income varies depending on the information channel. The analysis reveals that digital information channels did not generally expand artists’ activity levels or contract opportunities; notably, a quantitative contraction was observed among the younger artist group. On the other hand, qualitative effects varied by genre: while digital channels enhanced income conversion efficiency in the performing arts, they weakened it in media-related genres. These findings suggest that digital information channels do not uniformly dismantle existing hierarchies in the artistic labor market, but rather operate differentially according to industrial structures and generational positions. This study proposes that arts policy should expand beyond simply improving digital accessibility toward structural support that mediates the transition into contracts and transactions.

Yulia Sergeenko, Ekaterina Tipikina, O. Krasovskaya et al.

The ecology of the globe depends on many factors, including the infrastructure of industrial and municipal facilities, the competent organization of environmental safety at agro-industrial enterprises, and the human factor in the performance of labor duties at such facilities. To prevent pollution of agro-ecosystems and reduce technogenic impacts on the environment, it is essential to establish working conditions that comply with labor legislation. This primarily concerns working time and rest time. Only with adequate rest after the working day can employees perform their duties attentively and avoid mistakes at industrial facilities, which could otherwise have adverse effects on the environment. A rational allocation and utilization of working time help reduce production risks that negatively impact the environment. The authors emphasize the relationship and interdependence between such social phenomena as working time and rest time for agro-industrial complex workers, their health, quality of life, and environmental safety at both national and regional levels.

Pham Minh Thuy, Nguyen Thu Trang, Vu Huyen Trang

This paper analyzes the policies for the development and management of workers' lifestyles in industrial zones in Vietnam in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The rapid expansion of industrial zones has created job opportunities but has also posed significant challenges regarding working conditions, income, social welfare, and lifestyle transformations among workers. The research findings indicate that industrial zone planning must be accompanied by the development of social infrastructure, ensuring access to housing, healthcare, education, and worker support services.. At the same time, managingf workers' lifestyles should focus on work-life balance, enhancing cultural and spiritual well-being, and fostering a sustainable working environment. Research findings indicate that industrial zone planning must be accompanied by developing social infrastructure, ensuring access to housing, healthcare, education, and worker support services. In particular, the role of labor unions and worker support policies should be strengthened to reduce labor disputes and enhance workforce quality. The paper also proposes solutions for the effective development and management of workers' lifestyles, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of industrial zones and Vietnam's economy in the Industry 4.0 era.

S.O. Fedotov

The article is devoted to identifying barriers and opportunities for ensuring the effective functioning of the economic mechanism of industrial enterprises on the basis of diagnostics of production and economic potential in the conditions of modern threats and the changing external environment. Based on systematization of the research and the use of a resource approach, it has been proposed to determine the production and economic potential of an industrial enterprise in the form of an integrated indicator, which is formed of five key components: material and technical, labor, financial, organizational and managerial, and innovative potentials. Analysis of the key components of integrated production and economic potential of an industrial enterprise has been provided, with the determination of the most important characteristics and indicators of each component as the basis for the formation of management decisions in the system of economic mechanism. For a comprehensive assessment of the production and economic potential of industrial enterprises, methodological approach has been developed, based on an integrated model that allows combining the proposed system of indicators into a single integrated indicator. In the course of analytical research, the negative impact of military aggression on the functioning of enterprises in the industrial sector of Ukraine was established. On the basis of the conducted research on the diagnostics of the production and economic potential of industrial enterprises, a basis for identifying barriers and opportunities for ensuring the effective functioning of the economic mechanism of industrial enterprises has been formed. Generalized classification scheme for barriers to the effective functioning of the economic mechanism of an enterprise has been proposed, which combines groups of institutional, economic, technological and social barriers, which allowed to identify potential opportunities for strategic development directions that should contribute to ensuring the effective functioning of the economic mechanism of an industrial enterprise. Recommendations for overcoming barriers to the effective functioning of the economic mechanism of industrial enterprises, taking into account the requirements of systematic, purposefulness and adaptability to transformational changes have been formulated.

Yu. G. Lavrikova, S. N. Kotlyarova, E. V. Vasilyeva

Russia is experiencing an acute staffing crisis, which is particularly evident in the shortage of industrial workers among skilled workers. Large industrial companies play a key role in shaping the human resources potential of the regions, being drivers of economic development. The article structures the methods of attracting labor resources by enterprises based on the search source into internal and external ones. The results of the study show that effective staffing requires an integrated approach, including not only the choice of methods of attracting labor resources that are adequate to the needs of the labor market, but also detailed measures to create conditions for the professional growth of specialists at the enterprise and, importantly, conditions for improving the quality of life and consolidating the population in the territory. The article systematizes the experience of the largest industrial companies in Russia in attracting, retaining and consolidating the workforce in the territory of their presence. A study of the cases of large industrial companies and their policy on staffing the economy of the territories of their presence has shown that companies combine social, educational and financial tools to close the personnel gap. The participation of large industrial companies in the formation of the human resources potential of the regions significantly affects the employment and income of the population in the regions of their presence.

Pengjia Cui

Digital networks have profoundly transformed the ways in which individuals interact, exchange information, and establish connections, leading to the emergence of phenomena such as virality, misinformation cascades, and online polarization. This review conducts a thorough examination of the micro-macro linkages within digital social networks, analyzing how individual actions like liking, sharing, and commenting coalesce into broader systemic patterns and how these interactions are influenced by algorithmic mediation. Utilizing a multidisciplinary literature base, this study explores the interaction among user behaviors, network structures, and platform algorithms that intensify biases, strengthen homophily, and foster echo chambers. We delve into crucial dynamics including the scalability's impact on weak tie propagation, the amplification effects on influencers, and the rise of digital inequalities, employing both theoretical and empirical approaches. By synthesizing insights from sociology, network theory, and computational social science, this paper underscores the necessity for novel frameworks that integrate algorithmic processes into established micro-macro models. The conclusion presents practical strategies aimed at promoting fairer digital networks through decentralized architectures, algorithmic fairness, and improved digital inclusion, tackling significant challenges such as polarization and misinformation within networked societies.

Ziv Epstein, Farnaz Jahanbakhsh, Tiziano Piccardi et al.

The value alignment of sociotechnical systems has become a central debate, but progress depends on how human values are perceived in the content these systems surface and how such perceptions can be measured at scale. Social media platforms are a prominent class of sociotechnical systems where algorithmic curation shapes exposure to value-laden content at scale. Large-language models offer new opportunities for measuring expressions of human values (e.g., humility or equality) in social media data, but value expressions can be subjective: different people will annotate the same post with different values. In this paper, we draw on the Schwartz value system as a broadly encompassing and theoretically grounded set of basic human values, and introduce a framework to personalize the measurement of expressions of Schwartz values in social media posts at scale. We collect 32,370 ground truth value expression annotations from N=1,079 people on 5,211 social media posts representative of real users' feeds. Due to the subjectivity of the task, we observe low levels of inter-rater agreement between people, and low agreement between human raters and LLM-based methods. In response, we construct a personalization architecture for classifying value expressions by learning from a small number of highly informative calibration annotations per user. In evaluation, we find that modeling these differences successfully yields value expression predictions that people agree with more than they agree with other people. These results contribute new methods and understanding for the measurement of human values in social media data.

Janneke Pieters, Ana Kujundzic, Rulof Burger et al.

Technological change can have profound impacts on the labor market. Decades of research have made it clear that technological change produces winners and losers. Machines can replace some types of work that humans do, while new technologies increase human's productivity in other types of work. For a long time, highly educated workers benefitted from increased demand for their labor due to skill-biased technological change, while the losers were concentrated at the bottom of the wage distribution (Katz and Autor, 1999; Goldin and Katz, 2007, 2010; Kijima, 2006). Currently, however, labor markets seem to be affected by a different type of technological change, the so-called routine-biased technological change (RBTC). This chapter studies the risk of automation in developing country labor markets, with a particular focus on differences between men and women. Given the pervasiveness of gender occupational segregation, there may be important gender differences in the risk of automation. Understanding these differences is important to ensure progress towards equitable development and gender inclusion in the face of new technological advances. Our objective is to describe the gender gap in the routine task intensity of jobs in developing countries and to explore the role of occupational segregation and several worker characteristics in accounting for the gender gap.

Jingruo Chen, TungYen Wang, Marie Williams et al.

AI-generated images are increasingly prevalent on social media, raising concerns about trust and authenticity. This study investigates how different levels of label detail (basic, moderate, maximum) and content stakes (high vs. low) influence user engagement with and perceptions of AI-generated images through a within-subjects experimental study with 105 participants. Our findings reveal that increasing label detail enhances user perceptions of label transparency but does not affect user engagement. However, content stakes significantly impact user engagement and perceptions, with users demonstrating higher engagement and trust in low-stakes images. These results suggest that social media platforms can adopt detailed labels to improve transparency without compromising user engagement, offering insights for effective labeling strategies for AI-generated content.

Chris Smith, Paul Thompson

This paper appraises the work of Harry Braverman (1920–76), specifically his classic, Labor and Monopoly Capital, published in 1974 and remaining an influential reference for what has become the labour process approach to the study of work in capitalist societies. Labor and Monopoly Capital (LMC) reshaped what was then known as industrial sociology in the English-speaking world and was impactful across a range of disciplines, including history, organisation and management studies, comparative political economy, and labour geography. It is widely regarded as the foundational text of labour process theory (LPT). Fifty years after the initial publication of LMC, that theoretical approach is not only alive and well, but in the past decade, undergone something of a resurgence, influencing global communities of scholars. The paper takes a close look primarily at the text in its context, examining the genesis of the arguments, the distinctive biography of the author, and the structure of the book drawing out its major and minor themes, including a critical assessment of sources and evidence. We argue that the enormous impact of LMC can be explained by its successful challenge to existing orthodoxies about trajectories in work, technology, and management dominant in the social sciences and orthodox Marxism. This is followed up with a discussion of the reception, diffusion, and development of LMC comparatively and across different geographic domains and academic disciplines. As the debate on LMC eventually became a much broader programme of theory and research on the labour process, we consider some of the key points of differentiation from one of the foundational texts. Whilst acknowledging its enduring legacy, the final section argues that there is only a route forward from, rather than back to Braverman, given the profound changes to global capital and labour in the 50 years since LMC appeared.

N. Osipova

This article reflects the achievements of the Sociology Faculty of Moscow State University, which has been a recognized leader in the Russian sociological education system for over 35 years and trains professional sociologists who are in great demand in the modern labor market. Over the past 5 years, 1,287 Russian students (816 bachelors and 471 masters), as well as 368 foreign students, whose influx is constantly growing, have received a start in professional life. The author notes that the feature of learning is a harmonious combination of fundamental and applied knowledge, theoretical and empirical skills, which is typical for classical university education. In its educational and scientific activities, the Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University relies on a combination of fundamental scientific knowledge and empirical skills that allow students to be not only practitioners capable of processing and analyzing data, but also theorists who understand deep social processes. The education system of the Faculty of Sociology is constantly being modernized to meet the challenges and requirements of modernity. In this regard, special attention is paid at the Faculty of Sociology to the introduction of new educational technologies, including the network form of educational programs, project-based learning, distance learning technologies, and e-learning. The article presents in a systematic form the achievements of the departments of the Faculty of Sociology, as well as the results of the scientific activities of the entire faculty, which are reflected in numerous monographic publications, publications of articles, as well as in reports at international and all-Russian conferences. Many monographs published by faculty members have become bestsellers. Among them: a monograph by N.G. Osipova and S.O. Elishev “Revolutions and coups d’etat: theory, history and practice”, a monograph by N.G. Osipova and S.O. Elishev “Historical Russia: territories and prospects”, monographs by S.O. Elisheva “Sociology of Religion in Imperial Russia” and “Imperial Statehood — the fate and mission of Russia”, a collective monograph by the staff of the Department of Modern Sociology “Social inequality in the modern world: new forms  and features of their manifestation in Russia”, collective monographs of the Department of Economic Sociology and Management “The older generation in post-industrial realities” and “Artifacts of organizational culture”. The Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University takes an active part in the joint development of the Innovative Scientific and Technological Center of Moscow State University “Vorobyovy Gory”, contributed to the launch of negotiations between the INTC of Moscow State University and major representatives of the real sector of the economy. He pays great attention to the preservation of the cultural and historical heritage of Russia, the popularization of     traditional values for the Russian mentality. A landmark platform for the implementation of this direction was the Vvedensky Stavropol Monastery “Optina Pustyn”, in the spiritual and educational center of which professors of the faculty N.G. Osipova and S.O. Elishev gave public lectures. The author highlights in detail the directions of international cooperation of the Faculty of Sociology and activities that help attract applicants.

A. Semin

The agrarian sector of the economy has maintained its status as significant for ensuring macroeconomic stability of the national economy for several years. At the same time, external economic sanctions are imposed on the conditions of structural changes, causing imbalances in the system of economic relations. In the field of economic relations of the rural population, the study identified structural shifts that form the conditions for the implementation of the economic behavior of the rural population. These include: degradation of the personnel structure of the agro-industrial complex; refusal to run a personal subsidiary farm; digitalization of life and production; return of land to economic circulation. The reliability of the identified structural shifts (changes) is confirmed by statistical illustrations. The category of “meaning of life” served as the basis for considering the economic relations of the rural population. As a result, the following main strategies of economic behavior of the rural population were identified: the meaning of life is life in the village; the meaning of life is to move to the city; live in the village, work in the city. Based on this socio-categorical approach, a conceptual scheme of the model for the formation of economic behavior of the rural population was developed. Based on the content of the scheme, the main directions of regulation of the economic behavior of the rural population are identified: sociological (individual-psychological), social-psychological, economic, institutional. The main result of the study was the development of methodological principles for regulating the economic behavior of the rural population in the context of structural changes. These include the principles of trust, cooperative, scientific validity, social justice, equivalence, ecosystem.

Nazira Tangkish, Yessim Yergobek, Ganiya Ormanova et al.

Relevance. In modern society, where knowledge and intellectual development are key strategic resources for economic growth, the status of education has greatly increased. Forming key competencies in students, including social and labor functions, is a top priority for the global education system. Purpose. The problem of forming the key competencies of the future teacher in general and socio-labor in particular is a relatively new scientific problem. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to develop a model for the formation of social and labor functions of the future teacher and evaluate its effectiveness. Methodology. To solve the tasks and verify the initial assumptions, we used a set of complementary research methods: theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical literature; sociological methods (questionnaires, conversations); study and generalization of pedagogical experience; observation; experimental methods (stating and forming experimental variants); mathematical and statistical methods. Results. As a result, the study specified the scientific understanding of the content of the concept �socio-labor function and competence� and identified the functions of their components and the principles of implementation of the model of formation of social and labor competencies of the future teacher; grounded indicators of socio-labor competencies identified and experimentally tested pedagogical conditions providing the formation of social-labor competencies of the future teacher. Conclusions. The implementation of the model of the formation of social and labor activity in line with modernization strategies creates a supportive, competence-oriented educational environment that integrates general and supplementary education. A strong correlation exists between social and labor relations and social skills, as well as between the motivational, cognitive, and activity components of the competencies developed through experimental training. The practical significance of the research lies in its focus on improving the activities of universities in the formation of social and labor competencies of future teachers. Keywords: social and labor function; competence; professional training; model of formation; future teacher

Natalia V. Prokazina, Yana A. Yukhnevich

Background. In modern conditions, manifestations of discrimination in the labor market are quite common. One of the grounds for discrimination in modern society, in general, and in the labor market, in particular, is age discrimination – ageism. However, re-search into this problem and assessment of its real scale have certain limitations. Therefore, the study of problems of discrimination in the labor market from the standpoint of sociological analysis will allow us to assess the real nature, scale of discrimination in the labor market and identify the forms and features of manifestation. The purpose of the article is to identify the essential characteristics and features of ageism manifestation in relation to the younger generation in the labor market. Materials and methods. The conclusions and provisions are based on the results of international studies on the topic of ageism, the results of all-Russian studies of problems of discrimination based on age in the labor market and the results of the author's pilot study of ageism. The theoretical basis for the conclusions ob-tained was the theory of generations by W. Strauss – N. Howe and the concept of public opinion formation by Walter Lippmann. Results. The conducted analysis allows us to con-sider ageism as a social phenomenon that includes behavioral and emotional components based on the age stages of a person's life. It is argued that ageism manifests itself both in relation to representatives of the older and younger generations. The essential characteris-tics of ageism manifestation in relation to the younger generation are defined: disrespectful attitude on the part of older colleagues; disbelief in the formation of personal and professional qualities; an attitude towards lack of initiative, infantilism, irresponsibility of representatives of the younger generation; shifting routine and meaningless types of work to them; low level of trust. Conclusions. In the labor market, not only discrimination against older age groups is manifested. Today, ageism is noticeable in relation to the younger generation. A demand is being formed for research into ageism in relation to the younger generation as a manifestation of a form of discrimination in the labor market.

Kristina Lerman

The friendship paradox in social networks states that your friends have more friends than you do, on average. Recently, a stronger variant of the paradox was shown to hold for most people within a network: `most of your friends have more friends than you do.' Unlike the original paradox, which arises trivially because a few very popular people appear in the social circles of many others and skew their average friend popularity, the strong friendship paradox depends on features of higher-order network structures. Similar to the original paradox, the strong friendship paradox generalizes beyond popularity. When individuals have traits, many will observe that most of their friends have more of that trait than they do. This can lead to the Majority illusion, in which a rare trait will appear highly prevalent within a network. Understanding how the strong friendship paradox biases local observations within networks can inform better measurements of network structure and our understanding of collective phenomena in networks.

Irina Sizova, N. Orlova, Elena Elagina

Using sociological literature as a foundation, this article examines such a phenomenon as employee competence in the current landscape. In part one of the article we sought to formulate the sociological concept of uncertainty and trace its evolution depending on the stage of social development. Uncertainty in the postindustrial period is defined as a plethora of processes and phenomena associated with increasingly autonomous living, susceptibility to an environment that’s constantly changing, as well as a multitude of potential alternative solutions and actions. These conditions foster massive opportunities for people to unlock their creative potential, the downside being increased anxiety and insecurity, social isolation and inequality. The second part of the article focuses on studying such a phenomenon as the competence of modern-day workers, given the current context of socio-economic uncertainty. Although competence has developed based on the industrial model of professional training, it is currently transitioning to the next stage of its evolution. With modern capitalism undergoing rejuvenation, competence is sort of individualizing, becoming defined by one’s cultural capital, personality traits and biography, turning out to be unique and possessing internal complexity and flexibility. This new sort of competence is welcome in places where the main criteria are high level of qualification and up to date knowledge, that contribute to developing the most cutting edge and creative sectors of the economy, new spaces and forms of work activity. When it comes to non-ideal workers, for them competence embodies a rational strategy of situational adaptation of their skills and abilities to the current labor market. Certain new educational and political initiatives are developing in that same general direction, with them aiming to reproduce “aptitude for employment” among the vast majority of the working population. But at the same time labor markets and organizations are starting to function as “machines that reproduce inequality”. Despite the fact that modern competence is being engulfed by an entire industry of intermediaries, achieving it is proving to be a difficult task for modern society.

A. Akimov

The expeditionary-shift method of organizing labor involves an increase in the intensity of labor during the shift, a longer work shift, a decrease in inter-shift rest in the absence of days off and minimal social and domestic security. The article is devoted to the study of the parameters of stress at work and in the family among men aged 25-54, employed in expeditionary-shift work in the Arctic territories of the Tyumen region. A sociological study was conducted on an organized population of men aged 25-54, employed in expeditionary-shift work for more than five years at one of the industrial enterprises of the Tyumen region. The comparison group consisted of an organized population of men in the same age range, working permanently in the city of Tyumen. Determination of stress at work and stress in the family was carried out according to the WHO standard questionnaire MONICA-psychosocial (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease - Optional Psychosocial Sybstudy). Among the men employed in the expeditionary-shift form of work, most often over the previous period of twelve months, a change in specialty was established, an increase in the load and responsibility at the workplace, a more negative attitude towards work, an increase in conflicts with subordinates, but also the possibility of rest after working day while reducing "other" changes at work. According to the parameters of stress in the family, among men employed in expeditionary-shift work, over the previous period of twelve months, a change in marital status, an increase in conflicts in the family, but also opportunities for a relaxing home rest were most often determined. Thus, the obtained results of a sociological study, which determined a significantly higher prevalence of some factors of chronic social stress after five years of work in the Arctic territories of the Tyumen region, should become a scientific basis for the formation of a socially oriented preventive program to reduce the risks of developing CVD among workers in the oil and gas production complex employed in expeditionary - shift form of work.

Ghazal Kalhor, Hannah Gardner, Ingmar Weber et al.

Online professional social networking platforms provide opportunities to expand networks strategically for job opportunities and career advancement. A large body of research shows that women's offline networks are less advantageous than men's. How online platforms such as LinkedIn may reflect or reproduce gendered networking behaviours, or how online social connectivity may affect outcomes differentially by gender is not well understood. This paper analyses aggregate, anonymised data from almost 10 million LinkedIn users in the UK and US information technology (IT) sector collected from the site's advertising platform to explore how being connected to Big Tech companies ('social connectivity') varies by gender, and how gender, age, seniority and social connectivity shape the propensity to report job promotions or relocations. Consistent with previous studies, we find there are fewer women compared to men on LinkedIn in IT. Furthermore, female users are less likely to be connected to Big Tech companies than men. However, when we further analyse recent promotion or relocation reports, we find women are more likely than men to have reported a recent promotion at work, suggesting high-achieving women may be self-selecting onto LinkedIn. Even among this positively selected group, though, we find men are more likely to report a recent relocation. Social connectivity emerges as a significant predictor of promotion and relocation reports, with an interaction effect between gender and social connectivity indicating the payoffs to social connectivity for promotion and relocation reports are larger for women. This suggests that online networking has the potential for larger impacts for women, who experience greater disadvantage in traditional networking contexts, and calls for further research to understand differential impacts of online networking for socially disadvantaged groups.

Marisa Kurnianingsih, Absori Absori, Alfath Sartanto et al.

The Covid-19 pandemic has entered Indonesia and has changed the way of life since March 2020. WHO and the Government of Indonesia have issued several policies related to limiting social activities in the community in an effort to suppress the spread of COVID-19. However, this policy impacts decreasing mobility and purchasing power in the community, thus making economic conditions unstable. The industrial sector is one of the areas affected by the decline in people's purchasing power, the Government issued a policy related to workers' rights to provide guarantees to workers for their welfare during the Covid-19 pandemic. This journal is prepared using the juridical-normative method. This journal will provide information regarding any policies issued by the Government related to labor rights, one of which is the Circular Letter (CL) of the Minister of Manpower Number. M/3/HK.04/III/2020. Then afterward, policies regarding labor rights are measured using Social Welfare indicators, namely (1) physiological needs, (2) safety and security, (3) respected individual activities, (4) property linkages, and (5) competence and self-esteem to determine whether the policy has sided with the workers.