Hasil untuk "Hungary"

József Vinkó, Zsófia Réka Bodola, Ákos Gődény et al.

We present new photometric observations of the core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf occurred in M101, taken with the RC 80 and BRC80 robotic telescopes in Hungary. The initial nickel mass from the late-phase bolometric light curve extending up to 400 days after explosion, is inferred as M _Ni  = 0.046 ± 0.007 M _⊙ . The comparison of the bolometric light curve with models from hydrodynamical simulations as well as semi-analytic radiative diffusion codes reveals a relatively low-mass ejecta of M _ej  ≲ 9 M _⊙ , contrary to SN 2017eaw, another H-rich core-collapse event, which had M _ej  ≳ 15 M _⊙ .

András Drozgyik, Noémi Kránitz, Tamás Szabó et al.

<b>Background:</b> Accurate orientation of resected breast specimens is essential for proper pathological evaluation and margin assessment. Misorientation may compromise analysis, lead to imprecise re-excisions, and increase the risk of local recurrence. This study aims to evaluate a novel specimen plate designed to maintain consistent tissue orientation and compares its effectiveness to traditional suture marking. <b>Methods:</b> In a single-center, prospective, randomized two-arm trial, 56 specimens were oriented with the new plate and 54 with conventional sutures. Outcomes included intraoperative imaging interpretation, specimen handling, and pathological assessment, with a focus on orientation accuracy and margin evaluation. <b>Results:</b> The specimen plate significantly reduced misorientation (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and improved interpretation during intraoperative imaging. Pathologists reported greater ease in identifying direction and tumor-free zones, leading to a more accurate margin assessment. Non-R0 resections requiring re-excision were fewer with the specimen plate (8.9%) compared to suture marking (22.2%). <b>Conclusions:</b> The newly developed specimen plate can offer a reliable solution for improving specimen orientation in breast cancer surgery; however, further validation in multicenter studies is needed to confirm its applicability across diverse surgical settings. By ensuring consistent orientation and enhancing diagnostic interpretation, it may help reduce re-excisions and improve patient safety.

L. Deme, Cs. Szárnya, V. Barta et al.

Simultaneous optical and ionosonde detections of meteors offer a great opportunity to measure the transient physical properties of the meteor's ionization trail. One of the key parameters of the ionization trail is its true geometric height above the surface of the Earth, which can be determined from the trajectory of the optical meteors by multi-site measurements. During the peak of the 2019 Geminid shower we looked for optical meteors among the Konkoly Meteor Observatory Network data taken at ELTE Gothard Observatory, Szombathely, and contemporaneous meteor signals detected by the DPS-4D type ionosonde (Digisonde) operating at Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory (SZIGO), Nagycenk, Hungary. From the 2 simultaneous detections we inferred the atmospheric height of the meteors using the method of intersecting planes. The results, about 90 and 85 km, are consistent with the detection limit (above 80 km) of the Digisonde.

J. Vinko, Zs. R. Bodola, A. Godeny et al.

We present new photometric observations of the core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf occurred in M101, taken with the RC80 and BRC80 robotic telescopes in Hungary. The initial nickel mass from the late-phase bolometric light curve extending up to 400 days after explosion, is inferred as $M_{\rm Ni} = 0.046 \pm 0.007$ M$_\odot$. The comparison of the bolometric light curve with models from hydrodynamical simulations as well as semi-analytic radiative diffusion codes reveals a relatively low-mass ejecta of $M_{\rm ej} \lesssim 9$ M$_\odot$, contrary to SN~2017eaw, another H-rich core-collapse event, which had $M_{\rm ej} \gtrsim 15$ M$_\odot$.

Gennadii Iakovlev

This project introduces a new measure of elite polarization via actor and subject detection using artificial intelligence. I identify when politicians mention one another in parliamentary speeches, note who is speaking and who is being addressed, and assess the emotional temperature behind these evaluations. This maps how elites evaluate their various out-parties, allowing us to create an index of mutual out-party hostility, that is, elite polarization. While I analyzed polarization data over the past four decades for the UK, and two decades for Hungary and Italy, my approach lays the groundwork for a twenty-year, EU-wide time-series dataset on elite polarization. I obtain the results that can be aggregated by party and quarter. The resulting index demonstrates a good face validity: it reacts to events such as electoral campaigns, country- and party-level crises, and to parties losing and assuming power.

Andrea S. Gubik, Zoltan Bartha

Modern universities may play a significant role in entrepreneurial ecosystems by boosting the entrepreneurial activity of the region. One way to achieve this is through entrepreneurship education. In this study we suggest that one reason why entrepreneurship education has a weak impact on entrepreneurial activity is that the effect of courses and extracurricular programmes depends on how students perceive the entrepreneurial activity. We use the 2018 GUESSS database, which includes 9,667 answers for Hungary, to develop a general linear model. The model suggests that students' entrepreneurial intentions, attitudes toward entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, social norms, as well as the university, and the field of study all have a small but statistically significant impact on how students perceive the entrepreneurial ecosystem within the university. Our conclusion is that more emphasis on shaping attitudes and arousing student interest can increase the efficiency of entrepreneurship education.

Balazs C. Lengyel, MD, Jacob B. Watson, MD, Min P. Kim, MD et al.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations create continuous shunting of unoxygenated blood through the lungs into the systemic circulation. These malformations are asymptomatic if small, but cause serious symptoms as they grow in size. Treatment primarily consists of endovascular embolization; lobectomy is preserved for recurring or endovascularly untreatable cases. We describe a case of a 24-year-old man who was first treated with coil embolization 10 years previously, with complete symptom resolution. However, more recently he noted recurrent exercise intolerance, with shortness of breath and hypoxemia. After repeat re-embolization, a computed tomography scan noted some persistent flow. Given the patient's young age, we considered resection as a definite therapy. The patient underwent an uncomplicated robot-assisted right lower lobectomy. Afterward, his symptoms resolved completely. In selected cases, robotic lobectomy for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is feasible and safe.

Iván Szántó

In this work, the existence of a polynomial system of degree four with an invariant triangle containing at least four small-amplitude limit cycles is proved. This result improves the result obtained in [2].

Péter Simonik

A dolgozat a tatai Esterházy-uradalomhoz tartozó Alsógalla, Bánhida, Felsőgalla, valamint Tatabánya községek területén élt zsidó közösség történetén keresztül kívánja megragadni a modernizáció, a polgárosodás és az asszimiláció folyamatát egy olyan térségben, amely a 19. század második felében, a szénbányászat megjelenését követően, jelentős gazdasági átalakuláson ment keresztül. A zsidóság helyi társadalomban betöltött szerepének, valamint a zsidó és nem zsidó népesség viszonyának vizsgálata révén beazonosításra kerültek azon tényezők, amelyek hozzájárultak az izraelita felekezetű népesség társadalmi beilleszkedéséhez, továbbá kijelölésre kerültek azon mérföldkövek is, amelyek az asszimiláció egyes szakaszaihoz köthetők.

Csizmadia Ervin

A kétrészes tanulmány első részében a szerző abból indul ki, hogy a politikatudomány számára izgalmas kihívás az elmúlt 50 év tudományos paradigmáinak áttekintése időszemléleti perspektívájuk alapján. A tanulmány kizárólag az időszemlélet alapján tekinti át az elmúlt 50 évet és emeli ki ebből a korszakból a legfontosabbnak tekintett négy paradigmát: a politikai fejlődést, a tranzitológiát, az új historicizmust és az amerikai politikai fejlődés iskoláját. A dolgozat áttekinti az egyes paradigmák reprezentatív szerzőit és érvelésük legfontosabb elemeit. Az 1960-as és a 80-as évek között a politikatudósok fogékonyak a történelmi szemléletre, hogy aztán a 90-es évektől a 2000-es évek közepéig az értelmezési nézőpont a jelen legyen. Az utóbbi évtizedben viszont mintha ismét növekedne az érdeklődés a történelmi látásmód iránt. A szerző arra a következtetésre jut, hogy a politikatudományon belül egyfajta váltógazdálkodás mutatható ki a két szemléletmód között, és ennek logikáját célszerű tanulmányoznunk.

Stephanie L. Yardley, Christopher J. Owen, David M. Long et al.

The Slow Solar Wind Connection Solar Orbiter Observing Plan (Slow Wind SOOP) was developed to utilize the extensive suite of remote-sensing and in situ instruments on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission to answer significant outstanding questions regarding the origin and formation of the slow solar wind. The Slow Wind SOOP was designed to link remote-sensing and in situ measurements of slow wind originating at open–closed magnetic field boundaries. The SOOP ran just prior to Solar Orbiter’s first close perihelion passage during two remote-sensing windows (RSW1 and RSW2) between 2022 March 3–6 and 2022 March 17–22, while Solar Orbiter was at respective heliocentric distances of 0.55–0.51 and 0.38–0.34 au from the Sun. Coordinated observation campaigns were also conducted by Hinode and IRIS. The magnetic connectivity tool was used, along with low-latency in situ data and full-disk remote-sensing observations, to guide the target pointing of Solar Orbiter. Solar Orbiter targeted an active region complex during RSW1, the boundary of a coronal hole, and the periphery of a decayed active region during RSW2. Postobservation analysis using the magnetic connectivity tool, along with in situ measurements from MAG and SWA/PAS, showed that slow solar wind originating from two out of three of the target regions arrived at the spacecraft with velocities between ∼210 and 600 km s ^−1 . The Slow Wind SOOP, despite presenting many challenges, was very successful, providing a blueprint for planning future observation campaigns that rely on the magnetic connectivity of Solar Orbiter.

Renáta Garai

A családon belüli erőszak szankcionálására természetesen korábban is volt lehetőség, azonban 2013. július 1. napjától a magyar Btk. önálló bűncselekményi tényállásban és kibővített tartalommal rendelkezik a hozzátartozók sérelmére elkövetett bántalmazásokról. Jelen tanulmány bemutatja a szabályozás lényegét, az elmúlt tíz év statisztikai adatait, illetve a jogalkalmazás során felmerült nehézségeket és jó gyakorlatokat. Cél: A tanulmány célja a kapcsolati erőszak bűncselekmény országos joggyakorlatának és tanulságainak első összegző ismertetése. Módszertan: A tanulmány hátterét képező kutatások módszertanát kriminálstatisztikai és jogszabályelemzés, kerekasztal, fókuszcsoport, mélyinterjúk és iratvizsgálatok képezték. Megállapítások: Számos teendő fogalmazódik meg a jövőre nézve, többek között: utóvizsgálat lefolytatása, egységes joggyakorlat kialakítása, ORFK utasítás népszerűsítése, gyermekvédelmi jelzőrendszer felelősségvállalásának növelése, célirányos oktatások és képzések szervezése, szakmai együttműködések és a sértetti felvilágosítás erősítése, a büntetéskiszabási gyakorlat szigorítása, valamint a kommunikációs irányok megváltoztatása szükséges. Érték: A bűncselekményi tényállás első tíz évének számos aspektusból történő összefoglaló elemzése segít levonni a következtetéseket és megtalálni a követendő irányokat.

Johannes Stangl, András Borsos, Christian Diem et al.

Urgently needed carbon emissions reductions might lead to strict command-and-control decarbonization strategies with potentially negative economic consequences. Analysing the entire firm-level production network of a European economy, we have explored how the worst outcomes of such approaches can be avoided. We compared the systemic relevance of every firm in Hungary with its annual CO2 emissions to identify optimal emission-reducing strategies with a minimum of additional unemployment and economic losses. Setting specific reduction targets, we studied various decarbonization scenarios and quantified their economic consequences. We determined that for an emissions reduction of 20%, the most effective strategy leads to losses of about 2% of jobs and 2% of economic output. In contrast, a naive scenario targeting the largest emitters first results in 28% job losses and 33% output reduction for the same target. This demonstrates that it is possible to use firm-level production networks to design highly effective decarbonization strategies that practically preserve employment and economic output.

L. Völgyesi, Gy. Tóth, Gy. Szondy et al.

More than 30 minutes before the earthquake event in Florina, Greece at 21:43:47(UTC) on 9th January 2022 an enhanced Eötvös torsion balance registered unidentified signals in the Jánossy Underground Research Laboratory in Budapest, Hungary. These signals were not visible on the seismograms, although seismic noises are continuously recorded by a side-by-side broadband seismometer. Moreover, seismological stations did not detect anything unusual, they presented a negative confirmation of the events. Our observation suggests that torsion balances might effectively detect precursory earthquake signals from a considerable distance. Such a finding could trigger the development of new observational devices and networks and can provide novel knowledge about the origin and mechanism of earthquake phenomena.

Eszter Bokányi, Zsolt Vizi, Júlia Koltai et al.

Near-real time estimations of the effective reproduction number are among the most important tools to track the progression of a pandemic and to inform policy makers and the general public. However, these estimations rely on reported case numbers, commonly recorded with significant biases. The epidemic outcome is strongly influenced by the dynamics of social contacts, which are neglected in conventional surveillance systems as their real-time observation is challenging. Here, we propose a concept using online and offline behavioral data, recording age-stratified contact matrices at a daily rate. Modeling the epidemic using the reconstructed matrices we dynamically estimate the effective reproduction number during the two first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary. Our results demonstrate how behavioral data can be used to build alternative monitoring systems complementing the established public health surveillance. They can identify and provide better signals during periods when official estimates appear unreliable due to observational biases.

Marco Radici, Silvia Dalla Torre, Daria Sokhan

This document is submitted as input to the NuPECC Long Range Plan 2024 by three European members of the EIC Users Group Steering Committee (Vice Chair, one at-large member, and the EU Representative). We submit the document on behalf of the international EIC Users Group (EICUG) community, but we specifically represent 335 European members of the EICUG (25%) based in 80 institutions (30% of the total) located in Armenia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. This European involvement is an important driver of the EIC, but can also be beneficial for a number of related ongoing and planned nuclear physics experiments in Europe. In this document, the shared interest regarding scientific questions and detector R&D between the EIC and European nuclear physics communities is outlined. The aim is to highlight how these synergies offer ample opportunities to foster progress at the forefront of nuclear physics.

Dilli R. Paudel, Diego Marcos, Allard de Wit et al.

Predictor inputs and label data for crop yield forecasting are not always available at the same spatial resolution. We propose a deep learning framework that uses high resolution inputs and low resolution labels to produce crop yield forecasts for both spatial levels. The forecasting model is calibrated by weak supervision from low resolution crop area and yield statistics. We evaluated the framework by disaggregating regional yields in Europe from parent statistical regions to sub-regions for five countries (Germany, Spain, France, Hungary, Italy) and two crops (soft wheat and potatoes). Performance of weakly supervised models was compared with linear trend models and Gradient-Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT). Higher resolution crop yield forecasts are useful to policymakers and other stakeholders. Weakly supervised deep learning methods provide a way to produce such forecasts even in the absence of high resolution yield data.

Andrea Němcová, Dominika Gonová, Ota Samek et al.

Raman spectroscopy is a universal method designed for the analysis of a wide range of physical, chemical and biological systems or various surfaces. This technique is suitable to monitor various components of cells, tissues or microorganisms. The advantages include very fast non-contact and non-destructive analysis and no or minimal need for sample treatment. The yeasts <i>Metschnikowia</i> can be considered as industrially usable producers of pulcherrimin or single-cell lipids, depending on cultivation conditions and external stress. In the present study, Raman spectroscopy was used as an effective tool to identify both pulcherrimin and lipids in single yeast cells. The analysis of pulcherrimin is very demanding; so far, there is no optimal procedure to analyze or identify this pigment. Based on results, the strong dependence of pulcherrimin production on the ferric ion concentration was found with the highest yield in media containing 0.1 g/L iron. Further, production of lipids in <i>Metschnikowia</i> cells was studied at different temperatures and C:N ratios, using Raman spectroscopy to follow fatty acids composition, under different regimes, by monitoring the iodine number. The results of Raman spectroscopy were comparable with the fatty acid analysis obtained by gas chromatography. This study therefore supported use of Raman spectroscopy for biotechnological applications as a simple tool in the identification and analysis both the pulcherrimin and microbial lipids. This method provides a quick and relatively accurate estimation of targeted metabolites with minimal sample modification and allows to monitor metabolic changes over time of cultivation.

N. Bardi, G. Egry

According to Trianon Peace Treaty in 1920, the entire territory of historical Transylvania that belonged to Hungary became a part of Greater Romania. This area was inhabited by a big amount of Hungarian people, the Hungarian national minority in Romania numbered approximately 1,5 million people. The issue is aimed to present the process of isolation of Hungarians in state life and local governments in Transylvania within the framework of Romanian efforts for creating a homogenic state. The irst half of the 1930s was a period of economic crisis and the position of the Hungarians was shaken even more. From 1938 to 1940, in order to protect against revanchist aspirations, the implementation of which in the international arena became more and more real, discriminatory measures against Hungarians continued in the ield of labor law, the use of language and economy.

Tivadar M. Tóth, László Molnár, Sándor Körmös et al.

Numerous fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs exist in the metamorphic basement of the Pannonian Basin in Hungary. Many decades of experience in production have proven that these reservoirs are highly compartmentalised, resulting in a complex mosaic of permeable and impermeable domains situated next to each other. Consequently, in most fields, only a small amount of the total hydrocarbon reserve can be extracted. This paper aims to locate the potential migration pathways inside the most productive basement reservoir of the Pannonian Basin, using a multiscale approach. To achieve this, evaluation well-log data, DFN modelling and a composition analysis of fluid trapped in a vein-filling zeolite phase are combined. Data on a single well are presented as an example. The results of the three approaches indicate the presence of two highly fractured intervals separated by a barely fractured amphibolite. The two zones are probably part of the communicating fracture system inside the single metamorphic mass. The gas analysis further specifies the migrated fluids and indicates hydrocarbons of a composition similar to that of the recently produced oil. Consequently, we conclude that the two zones do not only form an ancient migration pathway but are also members of a more recent hydrocarbon system.