The Ugandan Asian expulsion of 1972 was a landmark moment in postcolonial politics, but the people at the centre of it have often been a footnote in Idi Amin’s story. This paper explores the strengths, if not essential nature, of bringing a critical family history and life-writing lens to this history of migration, within the boundaries of genealogy, as the family is central to both the experience of exodus and understanding the origins of South Asians in East Africa. Moving to a ‘history from below’ spotlighting underrepresented voices privileging gender, caste and class is a vital step in democratising this history. Through an examination of the methodologies of the author’s testimony and memoir-led history of the exodus, The Exiled: Empire, Immigration and the Ugandan Asian Exodus, this work reflects on personal scholarship, objectivity and positionality, showing the significance of an intimate and marginalised approach. It demonstrates how reclaiming this history among next-generation diaspora requires challenging revisionism, self-serving success narratives, and increasing politicisation in service of anti-immigration narratives, moving beyond the nostalgic view of empire invoked by some retellings towards a more nuanced living history of the expulsion.
The world is burgeoning with ever-growing disparities, nation-states are becoming increasingly oppressive with centrist politics, conflicts are intensifying, and climate change is causing natural disasters, which are increasingly displacing families and children. That is, 473 million children worldwide are living in conflict zones today. By the end of 2023, 47.2 million children had been displaced due to conflict and violence, while natural disasters had driven 26.4 million internal displacements, of which 8.8 million were children This article then responds to the uneven landscapes and dominant imaginaries confronted by contemporary childhoods. In doing so, it locates how children bear the burden of adult agendas in the waiting room of the past, present and future. This lends to the analyses of the wider politics that frame childhoods. In response, the article calls for a conceptual turn in childhood studies urging a radical politics of hope rather than the oppressive politics of tomorrow. It proposes a (re-)imagining of just futures for children whereby adults move from apathy towards childhood reparations and think about what might have been stolen from children and what we may owe them. The paper concludes that any imagination of reparative futures cannot be crafted without children.
The Jukes: A study in crime, pauperism, disease, and heredity became one of the most well-known eugenic family studies. The study was first published in 1877, based on the research of R.L. Dugdale, and then reexamined by Arthur Estabrook with the support of the Eugenics Record Office in 1916. Taken together, the Juke family studies were used as evidence that generations of moral degenerates and criminals emerged when the ‘feeble-minded’ were allowed to ‘propagate’. This article reviews the story of the Jukes, including their true identities, and concludes that Dugdale did not adequately investigate the parents of the Juke sisters. Instead, he concocted a ‘family’ that lived in a location where relationships were complex. The research that followed only compounded these errors, as the political agenda of eugenics overrode scientific knowledge and ignored the poor quality of the original data.
This study examines the formation of scholarly authority within the network of tahfiz pesantren through the Qur’anic sanad of KH Munawwar Sidayu in Gresik, which plays a pivotal role in preserving the tahfiz tradition. The research focuses on mapping the socio-intellectual and genealogical dynamics of the pesantren, as well as the interplay between knowledge, power, and epistemic legitimacy in a local context that has received limited academic attention. A qualitative approach with a genealogical method, enriched by the social history of pesantren, was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with caretakers, teachers, and students; participatory observation; and examination of pesantren archives, sanad documents, and historical literature. Interpretative-genealogical analysis, grounded in Michel Foucault’s theory of power/knowledge, revealed the mechanisms of authority distribution and knowledge legitimization. Findings indicate that the sanad network, kinship relations among kyai, and collaboration with alumni and community institutions create a structured and sustainable scholarly authority system. The sanad serves as a conduit for epistemic and moral legitimacy, familial ties reinforce socio-intellectual continuity, and alumni act as agents of knowledge dissemination. Engagement with governmental and societal institutions extends the pesantren’s influence, positioning it as both a center for knowledge production and reinforcement of Qur’anic tradition. This study contributes a genealogical analytical model of tahfiz pesantren networks, enriching scholarship on intellectual networks and the legitimacy of Qur’anic knowledge transmission in Indonesia.
Consider a branching Brownian motion (BBM). It is well known \cite{Bramson1983ConvergenceOS, Lalley1987ACL} that the rightmost particle is located near \( m_t = \sqrt{2} t - \frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}} \log t \). Let $\mathcal{N}(t,x)$ be the set of particles within distance $x$ from $m_t$, where $x = o(t)$ grows with $t$. We prove that \(\#\mathcal{N}(t,x)/π^{-1/2}xe^{xm_t/t} e^{-x^2/(2t)} \) converges in probability to $Z_\infty$, the limit of the so-called derivative martingale, and that, for \( x = O( t^{1/3}) \), the convergence cannot be strengthened to an almost sure result. Moreover, we prove that the asymptotic overlap distribution of two particles sampled uniformly from $\mathcal{N}(t,x)$ converges to that of the critical derivative martingale measure. This establishes a universal genealogical picture of the BBM front at sublinear distances from the tip.
We present a model for growth in a multi-species population. We consider two types evolving as a logistic branching process with mutation, where one of the types has a selective advantage, and are interested in the regime in which the carrying capacity of the system goes to $\infty$. We first study the genealogy of the population up until it almost reaches carrying capacity through a coupling with an independent branching process. We then focus on the phase in which the population has reached carrying capacity. After recovering a Gillespie--Wright--Fisher SDE in the infinite carrying capacity limit, we construct the Ancestral Selection Graph and show the convergence of the lineage counting process to the moment dual of the limiting diffusion.
Three generations of women creators of Georgian cinema belonging to the same family, the Gogoberidze family, will form the basis for this research, which aims to explore the notion of female genealogy through a multimodal ethnography. What type of memories does this female genealogy shape and how is it shaped by them? My research combines bibliographical research, interviews, and film analysis. By doing so, I examine how family memories as story-telling cross different expressive media and bridge generations by postulating the role of affective memory as key factor for the formation this genealogy. In addition to that, I pinpoint to the fact of the creative resignification of genealogy as part of these women’s engagement with cinema but also the social struggles of their times (feminism, anti-Russian politics, etc.).
Indigenous communities the world over have their own concepts of genealogy, many of which consider the living and non-living beings that we share time and space with, spanning the earth beneath us to the heavens above [...]
THE NAVAHOAX is a first-person account of ethnic fraud as told by an American Indian media professional whose tribal background was utilized by a presumed Native American author pursuing a film adaption of his work; it was later discovered the author was a white man masquerading as a Navajo citizen. A full narrative account will be given of the two-year ordeal and its aftermath as well as a contextualization within of the then-current socio-historical moment as it relates to the ongoing history of “playing Indian” as well as Native (in)visibility within the broader U.S. culture. This will be followed by an updated contextualization of this case in the wake of recent high-profile unmaskings of “pretendians” in the U.S. and Canada and the efforts of tribally-enrolled citizens in combatting such race-shifting.
This paper aims to investigate how social media use and gender affect beliefs in conspiracy theories on COVID-19 and how these beliefs correlate with the frequency and patterns of their use, as well as the distribution of population density in rural, town, and urban areas. I collected data from Valcon Project surveys, analyzing the usage of social media by citizens from six European countries (Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Poland, and Ireland) on issues like the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic spread. The findings, which take into consideration gender and population density, suggest that different social media platforms affected such beliefs in different ways (platform association), and this effect is also mitigated by the specific content of such conspiracy theories (content association).
Ill mental health is a key category for exempting individuals from criminal responsibility. Even in cases where a defendant has been found to have carried out the act, if mentally ‘ill enough’, the person could either be fully exempt from criminal responsibility and found not guilty – or be partially exempt and receive a reduced or special sentence on mental health grounds. Such outcomes might entail diversion into mental health treatment, sectioning – or release. In determining whether a mental health exemption is warranted in individual cases, ordinary practice is that psychologists or psychiatrists forensically assess the severity and nature of the accused’s impairment or disorder. While this might seem like a straightforward medical-juridical procedure of establishing evidence, this article uses a modified ‘genealogy of the present’ to show how mental health exemptions to criminal responsibility involve significantly more complexity. Looking to Norway and the UK, this article highlights differences in frameworks and implementation, including on matters of burden and nature of proof, and on causality. The article uses as an example the particular category of terrorism-related cases to bring out some of the contingencies involved. By doing so, the article shows the tensions inherent to the principle and practice of mental health exemptions, and its location between law, medicine, politics and security.
Funding Acknowledgement
This research was made possible by a STAIRS grant from the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), as well as by funding from C-REX (Centre for Research on Extremism), University of Oslo.
Рассматриваются данные, полученные в ходе изучения фортификационных сооружений Уразгильдинского городища (Татышлинский район Башкортостана). Основным археологическим материалом, обнаруженным в ходе раскопок, является керамика, которая позволяет датировать культурный слой и сооружения в широком диапазоне IV–VIII вв. н.э. и отнести памятник к бахмутинской культуре. Сами укрепления, вероятно, использовались недолго. В ходе проведенных исследований были изучены фортификационные сооружения, которые представляли собой дерево-земляную конструкцию в виде стены перекладного (крюкового) типа. Бревенчатая стена городища укреплялась вертикальными столбами. Укрепления были плотно забутованы грунтом. Многочисленные следы горения и воздействия высоких температур (уголь, прокалы, запекшаяся глина) свидетельствуют, что изученные сооружения были уничтожены пожаром, однако следов военного столкновения в ходе исследований не выявлено. Специфика выбора площадки строителями городища характеризуется использованием естественного рельефа местности –этот признак присущ для большинства городищ бахмутинской культуры. Примечательным оказывается то, что укрепления имели прямоугольную в плане конструкцию, что не является традиционным для памятников Южного Предуралья. Аналогии подобных конструкций на территории Уфимско-Бельского междуречья отсутствуют. Реконструкция исследованных сооружений даёт возможность предполагать их высокую фортификационную мощность, что также характеризует большинство известных укреплений бахмутинской культуры. Полученные результаты позволяют в значительной степени расширить современные представления об архитектурно-строительных и оборонительных традициях населения Южного Предуралья эпохи раннего средневековья.
The study of Qira'at (Quranic recitations) holds a crucial position in the scholarly discourse on the Quran, focusing on the theoretical aspects of accurately reciting its verses. The Quran is characterized by its extensive variety of recitations, historically rooted in the teachings of Prophet Muhammad. This diversity often leads to confusion and skepticism among the public regarding the authenticity of the Quranic readings. This article aims to explore the genealogy of the variations in Qira'at, including their origins, contributing factors, and the wisdom behind these variations. Our research indicates that the emergence of different Qira'ats is attributed to both internal and external factors: internally, the Prophet's request to Allah for additional variations in recitation, as evidenced by numerous narratives on the revelation of the seven Ahruf (modes of recitation), and externally, the perspectives of orientalists such as Arthur Jeffery, Theodore Noldeke, and Ignaz Goldziher, who argue that these variations arose due to the absence of vowel and consonant markings in the original text. The benefits of Qira'at diversity include reinforcing Islamic unity, facilitating easier and more accessible recitation across various dialects, and highlighting the miraculous nature of the Quran and Allah’s favor towards the followers of Prophet Muhammad SAW.
Abstrak: Ilmu Qira'at adalah bidang studi penting dalam disiplin ilmiah Al-Quran, fokusnya adalah pada teori dan praktik membaca ayat-ayat Al-Quran secara akurat. Al-Quran dikenal memiliki beragam variasi bacaan, yang berakar dari pengajaran Nabi Muhammad SAW. Variasi ini sering kali menimbulkan kebingungan dan skeptisisme terhadap autentisitas bacaan Al-Quran di kalangan masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas genealogi perbedaan qira'at, mencakup asal-usul, faktor penyebab, dan manfaat dari variasi qira'at tersebut. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan qira'at muncul dari dua faktor utama: faktor internal, seperti permintaan Nabi kepada Allah untuk menambah variasi dalam cara bacaan yang dibuktikan dengan banyaknya riwayat tentang sab’ah al-qira’at, dan faktor eksternal, termasuk pandangan orientalis seperti Arthur Jeffery, Theodore Noldeke, dan Ignaz Goldziher yang berargumen bahwa perbedaan tersebut timbul karena ketiadaan tanda vokal dan konsonan pada teks asli. Manfaat dari variasi qira'at ini termasuk memperkuat kesatuan umat Islam, memudahkan pembacaan dengan berbagai dialek, serta menegaskan keajaiban Al-Quran dan keistimewaan umat Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Holmfridur S. Hannesdottir, Luke Lippstreu, Andrew J. McLeod
et al.
We introduce an efficient method for deriving hierarchical constraints on the discontinuities of individual Feynman integrals. This method can be applied at any loop order and particle multiplicity, and to any configuration of massive or massless virtual particles. The resulting constraints hold to all orders in dimensional regularization, and complement the extended Steinmann relations -- which restrict adjacent sequential discontinuities -- by disallowing ordered pairs of discontinuities from appearing even when separated by (any number of) other discontinuities. We focus on a preferred class of hierarchical constraints, which we refer to as \emph{genealogical constraints}, that govern what singularities can follow from certain \emph{minimal cuts} that act as the primogenitors of the discontinuities that appear in Feynman integrals. While deriving the full set of hierarchical constraints on a given Feynman integral generally requires identifying all solutions to the (blown up) Landau equations, these genealogical constraints can be worked out with only minimal information about what singularities may appear. We illustrate the power of this new method in examples at one, two, and three loops, and provide evidence that genealogical constraints restrict the analytic structure of Feynman integrals significantly more than the extended Steinmann relations.
We consider a population growth model given by a two-type continuous-state branching process with immigration and competition, introduced by Ma. We study the relative frequency of one of the types in the population when the total mass is forced to be constant at a dense set of times. The resulting process is described as the solution to an SDE, which we call the culled frequency process, generalizing the $Λ$-asymmetric frequency process introduced by Caballero et al. We obtain conditions for the culled frequency process to have a moment dual and show that it is given by a branching-coalescing continuous-time Markov chain that describes the genealogy of the two-type CBI with competition. Finally, we obtain a large population limit of the culled frequency process, resulting in a deterministic ordinary differential equation (ODE). Two particular cases of the limiting ODE are studied to determine if general two-type branching mechanisms and general Malthusians can lead to the coexistence of the two types in the population.
Motivated by interpretability and reliability, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) deploy universal geometric structures to encode discrete, graph-structured knowledge. To this end, we present two complementary experimental evidence that might support universality of graph representations. First, on an in-context genealogy Q&A task, we train a cone probe to isolate a tree-like subspace in residual stream activations and use activation patching to verify its causal effect in answering related questions. We validate our findings across five different models. Second, we conduct model stitching experiments across models of diverse architectures and parameter counts (OPT, Pythia, Mistral, and LLaMA, 410 million to 8 billion parameters), quantifying representational alignment via relative degradation in the next-token prediction loss. Generally, we conclude that the lack of ground truth representations of graphs makes it challenging to study how LLMs represent them. Ultimately, improving our understanding of LLM representations could facilitate the development of more interpretable, robust, and controllable AI systems.