Hasil untuk "Electronics"

Jiyoung Seo, Dong In Lee, Pilhyeon Lee et al.

Recognizing tool-based hand activities from a first-person view is a critical yet challenging task in computer vision, due to the complexity of hand-object interactions and often subtle, ambiguous motion patterns. In real-world manufacturing scenarios, these challenges are exacerbated by bidirectional action pairs whose visual cues are almost identical, with differences revealed only through subtle motion dynamics. However, existing datasets rarely capture these direction-sensitive interactions at scale, particularly in realistic tool-use contexts, limiting the ability of current models to learn fine-grained motion dynamics essential for accurate recognition. We introduce Ego-Bi (Egocentric-Bidirectional dataset), a large-scale, real-world egocentric RGB video dataset comprising 1,223 video sequences and 622,737 frames that cover diverse tool-use activities in unconstrained environments. Ego-Bi provides an extended 38-category hand type taxonomy, detailed object–tool labels, and challenging bidirectional action pairs, offering rich semantic and temporal cues for modeling complex hand–object interactions. In addition, to address the ambiguity in motion dynamics, we propose a BMP (Bidirectional Motion Prior module) that derives rotation and directional cues from predicted 3D hand poses to improve class separability of visually similar actions. Experimental results on Ego-Bi demonstrate that our approach improves bidirectional action recognition accuracy by + 8.96% over the baseline, while also yielding consistent gains across general action classes without requiring costly 3D pose annotations. Furthermore, the proposed motion priors generalize effectively to other egocentric benchmarks, underscoring their robustness in handling visually similar, direction-sensitive actions.

S. Kim, Y. Lee, Y. Lee et al.

This study presents a Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM)-based approach for the digital restoration and documentation of lost wooden architectural heritage. The approach was applied to Building 1-2 of Hyeumwonji, the site of a temporary Goryeo Dynasty palace in Paju, South Korea. To reconstruct this lost structure, we combined historical and archaeological analyses to estimate the original design and generated blueprints that guided the HBIM-based 3D model of the building. We collected LiDAR point cloud data from the site, aligned them with the HBIM model, and visualized the integrated result using Unreal Engine 5. The outcome was a comprehensive virtual restoration comprising 13,814 individual building elements. This case study demonstrates that, even with minimal physical remains, wooden heritage sites can be digitally restored by leveraging HBIM and historical reasoning. It also highlights the strengths of HBIM in version tracking, incorporation of historical updates, and systematic documentation throughout the restoration process. Compared to traditional 2D CAD-based restoration methods, the HBIM approach offers significant advantages in terms of updatability, data integration, and long-term preservation of restoration data. Overall, the project illustrates how combining rigorous historical analysis with advanced digital modeling can revive lost heritage architecture in virtual form, providing a rich resource for research and conservation.

Deyang Zhang, Binhe Feng, Wenbo Guo et al.

Abstract A cost-effective and large-scale method for synthesizing ZnCo2O4 nanoflowers with surface oxygen vacancies as electrode materials for supercapacitors is presented. The existence of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the ZnCo2O4 nanoflowers has been confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The energy bands and density of states (DOS) of ZnCo2O4 are examined using density functional theory, revealing that treatment with NaBH4 reduces the band gap of ZnCo2O4 while increasing the DOS near the Fermi level compared to pristine ZnCo2O4. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of reduced ZnCo2O4 is nearly double that of its unmodified counterpart. This straightforward and practical approach significantly enhances both conductivity and specific capacitance in metal oxides, making it applicable to other similar materials.

M. F. Nabiullina, G. R. Mingaleeva, O. V. Afanaseva et al.

RELEVANCE. Agricultural enterprises generate vegetable waste, which is difficult to utilize. Such waste can be used for combustion in boilers, providing thermal and electric energy to an agricultural energy complex. A hybrid mini-thermal power plant combining renewable energy sources and plant biofuels will be able to provide more economical, environmentally friendly and reliable supplies of heat and electricity under any demand conditions compared to using one of these systems.OBJECTIVE. Determination of fuel consumption during combustion of various types of vegetative agricultural waste in a hybrid mini-thermal power plant with parallel connection of solar energy concentrators under conditions of solar insolation of the Republic of Tatarstan.METHODS. The article considers the chemical composition and characteristics of various types of plant waste from agriculture. The average total energy consumption load of an agricultural enterprise has been determined. RESULTS. To determine the consumption of biofuels for the operation of the KE10-14CO boiler, the calculation of the theoretical volumes of combustion products and the thermal calculation of the boiler were carried out. The need for auxiliary fuel at mini-thermal power plants with parallel connection of solar energy concentration plants has been determined. The calculation of the heat collected by the solar collector has been performed.CONCLUSION. The use of solar energy concentrators when connected in parallel with a biofuel boiler makes it possible to evenly supply energy to the enterprise and form biofuel reserves. Calculations have shown that the use of hybrid biomass combustion plants and solar collectors helps to reduce fuel consumption.

Pei Tang, Zhenyu Ding, Minnan Jiang et al.

Autonomous driving technology plays a key role in addressing traffic safety issues and relieving traffic congestion by virtue of its capabilities of enabling accurate environmental perception and real-time response. Aiming at the problem of limited computing power of mobile driving platform, an improved algorithm based on YOLOv8n: LBT-YOLO was proposed. The algorithm is improved in three aspects: firstly, replacing part of the traditional convolutional layers by linear deformable convolution, and designing a new C2L module by optimizing the C2F module, so as to reduce the number of model parameters and maintain the detection accuracy at the same time. Secondly, a new neck network structure BCFPN (Bidirectional Collocated Feature Pyramid Network) is designed based on the weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network, which enhances the feature fusion and the interaction of contextual information, and improves the detection accuracy of the model. Finally, a new detection head TADDH (Task Aligned Dynamic Detection Head) is proposed. This detection head reduces the number of parameters by sharing the neck network features, and performs task decomposition alignment to achieve high accuracy target detection using dynamic convolution and dynamic feature selection. After a series of improvements, LBT-YOLO outperforms YOLOv8n and other detection algorithms on the Autonomous Driving BDD100K dataset, with an average accuracy improvement of 2.4% while reducing the number of model parameters by 48.2%.

Guo-qiang Xu, Wei Zhang, Si Chen et al.

To investigate the impact of sulfate corrosion on the performance of shaft lining concrete under sustained compressive loads, this study immersed samples in a 10 % sodium sulfate solution after subjecting to sustained compressive loads of 0.2fcand 0.4fc. The variation in compressive strength, ultrasonic velocity, and dynamic elasticity modulus with corrosion age were examined. The corrosion mechanisms were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The impact tendency of concrete was also evaluated. The results indicated that under sustained compressive loads of 0.2fcand 0.4fc, the compressive strength, ultrasonic velocity, and dynamic elasticity modulus are all increased with age, in the order of 0.2fc> 0.4fc>no-load. When exposed to a 10 % sodium sulfate solution under sustained compressive loads, these properties initially increased and then decreased, peaking at 90 days of corrosion age, and the order was 0.2fc> no-load > 0.4fc when the corrosion age was longer than 240 days.The shaft lining concrete exhibited weak impact tendency, with the brittleness index increasing as the corrosion age progressed. The outcome of this work might provide a reference for the further research on the design of shaft lining concrete materials.

Joshua Nabuti, Ahmed Rashad Fath Elbab, Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood et al.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a standard molecular method that has the potential to solve the need for accurate, viable, and immediate infectious pathogen detection at point-of-care (POC) centers in different fields such as pathogen identification, and forensics. In this work, we present a photonic PCR thermocycler that achieves strong optical absorption, more efficient gene amplification, and further improves the effect of temperature distribution through the PCR sample using two gold nanofilms (AuNFs) and a high-power light-emitting diode chip (LED). The photonic device achieved higher heating and cooling rates of 13.20 null°C/s and 7.92 null°C/s, respectively on average, with uniform and reliable temperature distribution throughout the sample with negligible deviations. During amplification cycles, maximum temperatures attained had variations less than 1 °C at 90 °C, less than 0.8 °C at 55 °C, and less than 0.5 °C at 72 °C, showing uniform heating which yielded more accurate and reliable results. Using the fabricated device, PCR amplification for a bacteria genomic DNA was performed in 7.5 minutes for 30 thermal cycles with a sample volume of 20 μL. Due to the device's simple configuration and increased heat transfer rates, this photonic platform will be a highly efficient choice for rapid POC applications in developing countries.

Hossein Safi, Ali Mohammad Montazeri, Javane Rostampoor et al.

Abstract In this paper, the problem of opportunistic spectrum sharing for the next generation of wireless systems empowered by the cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) is studied. More precisely, low‐priority users employ cooperative spectrum sensing to detect a vacant portion of the spectrum that is not currently used by high‐priority users. The authors' aim is to maximize the overall throughput of the low‐priority users while guaranteeing the quality of service of the high‐priority users. This objective is attained by optimally adjusting spectrum sensing time, with respect to target probabilities of detection and false alarm, as well as dynamically allocating C‐RAN resources, that is, powers, sub‐carriers, remote radio heads, and base‐band units. To solve this problem, which is non‐convex and NP‐hard, a low‐complex iterative solution is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the necessity of sensing time adjustment as well as effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Christina Junger, Richard Fütterer, Maik Rosenberger et al.

In recent years, stereoscopic image processing algorithms have gained importance for a variety of applications. To capture larger measurement volumes, multiple stereo systems are combined into a multi-view stereo (MVS) system. To reduce the amount of data and the data rate, calculation steps close to the sensors are outsourced to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as upstream computing units. The calculation steps include lens distortion correction, rectification and stereo matching. In this paper a FPGA-based MVS system with flexible camera arrangement and partly overlapping field of view is presented. The system consists of four FPGA-based passive stereoscopic systems (Xilinx Zynq-7000 7020 SoC, EV76C570 CMOS sensor) and a downstream processing unit (Zynq Ultrascale ZU9EG SoC). This synchronizes the sensor near processing modules and receives the disparity maps with corresponding left camera image via HDMI. The subsequent computing unit calculates a coherent 3D point cloud. Our developed FPGA-based 3D measurement system captures a large measurement volume at 24 fps by combining a multiple view with eight cameras (using Semi-Global Matching for an image size of 640 px × 460 px, up to 256 px disparity range and with aggregated costs over 4 directions). The capabilities and limitation of the system are shown by an application example with optical non-cooperative surface.

SONG Wei, ZHAO Huifen, CAI Wenqin, ZHOU Wanqiang

The Virtual Traffic Light (VTL) in a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) environment can negotiate the right-of-way allocation through the information directly exchanged between vehicles.When the equipment obtains relevant information, the vehicle can strategically provide information to obtain the priority right of way.To apply to a scene where unmeasurable factors affect the right of way, a virtual traffic light with group strategy protection characteristics is proposed.By abstracting the real information provided by vehicles into a cost allocation and cooperative game, a group strategy protection auction mechanism is designed, and the Shapley value is used to calculate the cost allocation of each vehicle as the payment of vehicles.On this basis, the green light signal is established according to the real evaluation value in the auction results, and the green light signal generated by multiple auctions is integrated through the signal merging algorithm to produce a reasonable right-of-way allocation.The experimental results show that the virtual traffic light has the characteristics of group strategy protection, which can prevent vehicles from forming an alliance of false information to obtain benefits and can also prevent vehicles from obtaining the right-of-way priority through false information.Compared with the virtual traffic light with a fixed threshold of the number of green lights, the virtual traffic lights protected by the group strategy show some improvement in the overall average driving time and the average driving time of high-value vehicles.

Qianqian Qian, Ke Cheng, Wei Qian et al.

The gradient vector flow (GVF) model has been widely used in the field of computer image segmentation. In order to achieve better results in image processing, there are many research papers based on the GVF model. However, few models include image structure. In this paper, the smoothness constraint formula of the GVF model is re-expressed in matrix form, and the image knot represented by the Hessian matrix is included in the GVF model. Through the processing of this process, the relevant diffusion partial differential equation has anisotropy. The GVF model based on the Hessian matrix (HBGVF) has many advantages over other relevant GVF methods, such as accurate convergence to various concave surfaces, excellent weak edge retention ability, and so on. The following will prove the advantages of our proposed model through theoretical analysis and various comparative experiments.

Doyeon Weon, Kyungchun Lee

In this paper, we propose a novel learning-aided sphere decoding (SD) scheme for large multiple-input-multiple-output systems, namely, deep path prediction-based sphere decoding (DPP-SD). In this scheme, we employ a neural network (NN) to predict the minimum metrics of the “deep” paths in sub-trees before commencing the tree search in SD. To reduce the complexity of the NN, we employ the input vector with a reduced dimension rather than using the original received signals and full channel matrix. The outputs of the NN, i.e., the predicted minimum path metrics, are exploited to determine the search order between the sub-trees, as well as to optimize the initial search radius, which may reduce the computational complexity of SD. For further complexity reduction, an early termination scheme based on the predicted minimum path metrics is also proposed. Our simulation results show that the proposed DPP-SD scheme provides a significant reduction in computational complexity compared with the conventional SD algorithm, despite achieving near-optimal performance.

R. Baskaran, B. Ajay Rajasekaran, V. Rajinikanth

Jun Dai, Banglong Yu, Wei Jiang et al.

In this paper, dissimilar metal joints of 6061 aluminum alloy and aluminum matrix composite material are investigated by laser welding. TiB2 particles were added into the lap joint. The welding process, microstructure, and the corrosion properties of welding joints are examined. The results demonstrate that the selected optimization process parameters are laser power 6 kW, welding speed 0.6 mm/s, pulse width 11.5 ms, and laser frequency 4.5 Hz. There are a few obvious pores in the molten pool. Al2Ti, Fe2Si, and Al0.5Fe3Si0.5 are present in the microstructure. During the welding process, some TiB2 particles are decomposed and reacted with molten Al. Other TiB2 particles are nucleated and solidified, and the excess TiB2 particles are pushed to the grain boundaries by molten Al. TiB2 particles are wetted well by molten matrix metal. The corrosion resistance of alloys in different conditions decreased in the following order: the weld beam >6061 Al > AMC.

Roki Hardianto, Fajrizal Fajrizal, Yuvi Darmayunata

Sistem Informasi Geografis adalah sebuah system informasi berbasis website yang terintegrasi dengan pemetaan menggunakan mapping, sehingga mudah dalam pengambilan keputusan. Sistem Informasi Geografis pada penelitian ini digunakan dalam memetakan sebaran Organisasi Masyarakat dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat terdaftar di Kesbangpol Kota Pekanbaru sehingga dapat membantu masyarakat dalam memperoleh informasi. Dalam memberikan informasi jalur terdekat menuju koordinat tujuan menggunakan algoritma djikstra. Metode djikstra adalah sebuah metode yang membantu dalam memberikan jarak terdekat terhadap titik koordinat. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis yang dirancang ini dapat membantu pihak Kesbangpol Pekanbaru dan masyarakat untuk memperoleh informasi berupa spasial dan non spasial. Pada proses pengumpulan data, peneliti datang langsung kelokasi mitra untuk memperoleh titik koordinat. Pembuatan Peta Sistem Informasi Geografis menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database mysql.   Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Geografis, Kota Pekanbaru, Pemetaan, LSM.   Abstract Geographic Information System is a website-based information system that is integrated with mapping using mapping, making it easy to make decisions. The Geographic Information System in this study is used in mapping the distribution of registered Community Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations in the Kesbangpol Kota Pekanbaru so that it can assist the public in obtaining information. In providing information on the closest path to the destination coordinates using the Dijkstra algorithm. The Dijkstra method is a method that helps in providing the closest distance to the coordinates. The application of this Geographical Information System that design can improve the Kesbangpol Pekanbaru and the community to obtain information in the form of spatial and non-spatial. In the process of collecting data, researchers come directly to partner locations to receive coordinate points. Making a Geographic Information System Map using the PHP programming language and MySQL database.   Keywords: Geographic Information System, Pekanbaru City, Mapping, LSM.

宋浩永, 王炜, 黄青丹 et al.

为了准确计算GIS的温升,探究了载流导体邻近与趋肤效应及电流频率对三相共箱式GIS温升的影响。将弹簧触指和梅花触指均简化为圆环体来模拟电接触。采用三维多物理场耦合的方法,计算并对比了考虑与不考虑载流导体邻近与趋肤效应时的GIS的欧姆损耗和温度分布,比较了不同频率对GIS温升的影响。搭建温升试验平台验证了仿真结果的正确性。结果表明,三相共箱式GIS载流导体的邻近与趋肤效应所产生的的附加损耗较大,其影响不可忽略;相比于不考虑邻近与趋肤效应的计算结果,考虑载流导体邻近与趋肤效应下的温升结果与实验结果吻合较好;在60 Hz条件下GIS的温升相对于50 Hz普遍有所升高但差别不大。

Lijing Di, Hua Yang, Tao Xian et al.

In this work, the g-C3N4 nanoparticles decorated BiFeO3 microspheres composites (g-C3N4/BiFeO3) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of g-C3N4 nanoparticles together with BiFeO3 microspheres. The SEM and HRTEM observation indicate that the C3N4 nanoparticles with size of 30-50 nm are well decorated on the surface of BiFeO3 microspheres. The photocatalytic activities of the samples are investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the irradiation of simulated sunlight. The as-prepared g-C3N4/BiFeO3 composites exhibit remarkable enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with bare BiFeO3. More importantly, the photocataltic performance of the composites is further confirmed by the degradation of colorless phenol. Furthermore, the favorable catalytic stability of composites is demonstrated through the recycling photocatalytic experiment. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/BiFeO3 composites is mainly attributed to the separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, resulting from the migration of the photoinduced charge between g-C3N4 nanoparticles and BiFeO3. A possible photocatalytic mechanism for dye degradation over g-C3N4/BiFeO3 composite is proposed based on the active species trapping experiment, revealing that the photogenerated hole (h+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are regarded as the major active species for the decomposition of dye, while hydroxyl radicals (•OH) plays a minor role in the photocatalytic reaction.

Peiliang Zuo, Tao Peng, Wangdan Linghu et al.

Cognitive satellite communications (SatCom) is considered to be able to alleviate the bottleneck of spectrum resource shortage due to traditional spectrum allocation. This paper focuses on a special scenario where the frequency band of SatCom is recommended by the terrestrial terminal according to its spectrum sensing results. Further speaking, frequency bands preferred by terminals in each coverage beam of the satellite may be random, which on the whole forms diverse recommended channels problem that poses a great challenge to traditional multi-beam satellites. To make reasonable use of available resources in this scenario, this paper targetedly proposes a beam hopping (BH) scheme, which is capable of providing services on each frequency band. Based on the BH scheme, two 4-D [i.e., time, frequency, power, and dedicated spot (DS) beam] resource allocation (RA) schemes are presented, which adopt maximizing throughput (MT) and minimizing demand-supply variance (MDSV) as objectives, respectively, corresponding to the fact that satellite resources may be relatively rich or scarce. Both of the RA problems belong to mixed-integer nonlinear programming. By decomposing them, three levels of problems, namely, frequency band selection (FBS) problem, dedicated beam allocation (DBA) problem, and time-power allocation (TPA) problem are successively formed. For the FBS and DBA problems, we correspondingly propose heuristic algorithms to quickly distribute frequency bands and dedicated beams. Whereas for the TPA problem, Lagrangian dual algorithm and water-filling-assisted Lagrangian dual algorithm are respectively adopted to solve the convex problem for MT and the nonconvex problem for MDSV. Taking also spectrum sensing errors into account, numerical simulations show that the proposed schemes and algorithms perform well, and a significant gain can be achieved in cognitive SatCom.

Velibor Pjevalica, Nebojsa Pjevalica, Ivan Kastelan et al.

A/D conversion methods improved through stochastic signal superposition, along with oversampling techniques present significant research direction in the area of signal processing and measurement. Concerning that accuracy of those methods rises with length of measurement interval, i.e. integration time; it turns them appropriate for calculation / measurement of the orthogonal transformations. Simulation and validation of above mentioned digital stochastic methods, requires significant computing resource allocation. Long measurement intervals assigned for processing of numerous arithmetic operations over oversampled input signals presents the most demanding computing requirements. In this paper, a novel digital stochastic measurement simulation approach is presented and validated. Simulation approach is based on Concurrent Programming technique. General orthogonal transformations are analysed through the stochastic measurement technique. As a reference test case Discrete Fourier Transform is calculated over several periodic input signals converted by the stochastic A/D converter. Time required for a simulation test case accomplishment is analysed as a main performance metric. Final results have proven that Concurrent Programming technique improves simulation speed, without other consequences on measurement performance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.24.6.22284

Zhangping He, Zhendong Zhang, Cheolkon Jung

In this paper, we propose fast Fourier transform networks for object tracking, called FFTNet. FFTNet is a correlation filter (CF)-based tracker that integrates two main components of CF, i.e., auto correlation and cross correlation between the features of two images. Thus, FFTNet takes full advantage of CF: 1) Auto correlation and cross correlation of CF are efficiently computed by FFT so that FFTNet achieves high computational efficiency and 2) FFTNet successfully performs displacement detection even in similar signals so that it achieves good tracking performance. Moreover, FFTNet combines the advantage of CF with convolutional neural networks so that it has strong capabilities of learning feature representation and matching function. FFTNet is trained end-to-end in an off-line manner. First, we input two-input patches of target object and search region into shared convolutional layers to get their features. Then, we calculate auto correlation and cross correlation from two features. Next, we concatenate the results of auto correlation and cross correlation, and put them into another subnetwork to learn a matching function. Finally, we get a response map whose values represent the probability of each pixel belonging to the target. Experimental results demonstrate that FFTNet outperforms state-of-the-arts in both tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.