Social change and the growth of tourism Theoretical perspectives on tourism development An introduction to tourism impacts Economic impacts of tourism Socio-cultural impacts of tourism holistic perspectives on tourism impacts Tourism planning and management: concepts and issues Key players in tourism planning and management Visitor management managing the natural resources for tourism The host community The tourism industry Partnerships and collaboration in tourism planning and management Educational techniques in tourism planning and management Regulation and tourism planning and management Information technology and tourism management Issues of sustainability and planning and management Conclusions and the future of tourism planning and management
The purpose of the study is to reveal the existing trends, contradictions, and patterns in functioning and development of interregional and inter-municipal cooperation institutions. Contradictions in the encountered institutions functioning have been highlighted in their powers and performance. Among the trends in the institutions development the following have been noted: management decentralization, strengthening of the regional and municipal authorities role in planning and implementation of spatial development projects, vector for strengthening sustainability, sustainable development principles integration in strategies and projects that allows to consider not only economic and environmental aspects in planning, but also social ones, strengthening of innovativeness and financing of interregional and inter-municipal cooperation institutions, spatial development management digitalization, public participation in solving problems of improving interregional and inter-municipal cooperation, and strengthening of international cooperation in relevant projects implementation. Among the patterns in the institutions development it is necessary to define their focus on functioning in the context of horizontal links globalization, growth of development sustainability and population mobility, digitalization and innovativeness, ensuring security on the basis of risk management, which implies legal integration and standards harmonization, intensive exchange of the best projects, activation of local authorities and population in projects implementation. The author’s proposals for improving institutions in modern conditions include transition to the project approach, reorientation of the policy in this area to ensure mutual benefit, and priority in supporting projects of inter-territorial importance, capable of ensuring territorial connectivity and unity of economic space.
Flood risk to urban communities is increasing significantly as a result of the integrated effects of climate change and socioeconomic development. The latter effect is one of the main drivers of rising flood risk has received less attention in comparison to climate change. Economic development and population growth are major causes of urban expansion in flood‐prone areas, and a comprehensive understanding of the impact of urban growth on flood risk is an essential ingredient of effective flood risk management. At the same time, planning for community resilience has become a national and worldwide imperative in recent years. Enhancements to community resilience require well‐integrated and enormous long‐term public and private investments. Accordingly, comprehensive urban growth plans should take rising flood risk into account to ensure future resilient communities through careful collaboration between engineers, geologists, socialists, economists, and urban planners within the framework of life‐cycle analysis. This paper highlights the importance of including urban growth in accurate future flood risk assessment and how planning for future urbanization should include measurement science‐based strategies in developing policies to achieve more resilient communities.
Grace Nkansa Asante, Paul Owusu Takyi, Gideon Mensah
ABSTRACTIt is hypothesized that a well-functioning financial market is necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve the expected economic growth. Therefore, policy instruments of government aimed at streamlining financial sector activity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are imperative. As a result, this paper explores the effect of financial development on economic growth by allowing the link between the two far variables to be mediated by the quality of institutions for the period 2000–2019. Using Twenty-nine (29) countries and the System-Generalized Method of Moments (system-GMM) estimation method, it is found that financial development has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. In addition, it is found that, when rule of law, political stability, and regulatory quality are highly effective, the positive effect of financial development on economic growth is magnified.
Economic growth, development, planning, Human settlements. Communities
The village fund allocation is a policy strategy of the government of Indonesia for development in rural areas. Each village has funds sourced from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget. The uniqueness of this strategy is the community’s involvement in determining the allocation expenditure of funds. Therefore, the program is carried out in line with the needs of the community. Rural areas generally rely on agriculture, which has lower productivity than other sectors, so they need support to achieve inclusive growth. This study analyzes whether the village fund allocation is a pro-poor, pro-equality, and pro-job policy. It uses secondary data from the Ministry of Finance, Statistics Indonesia, and the National Development Planning Agency from the period of 2015–2019 for 33 provinces of Indonesia. The data were analyzed using panel regression with three models: income inequality, poverty levels, and unemployment rates. Other variables supporting inclusive growth, including economic growth, infrastructure, and the expansion of public services, were examined. The results showed that government expenditure through village fund allocation encourages inclusive growth as a policy that is pro-poor and pro-job but not pro-equality. Economic growth, on the other hand, reduces income inequality but increases poverty. Economic infrastructure increases income inequality, while increasing access to public services reduces poverty levels and increases unemployment.
Ivan Damasco Menzori, I. Sousa, Luciana Márcia Gonçalves
Abstract Urban sprawl is related, among other factors, to local planning policies that aim to drive economic growth through spatial planning but fail to regulate urban expansion. Even land use plans originally designed to restrict urban sprawl appear to be ineffective when approached by local authorities. Withal, little attention has been given into analysing local master plans implementations and their relation with territorial governance. In this paper, we focus on the role of territorial governance arrangements in master plans implementation practices. Also, we explore the spatial outcomes of urban growth in a medium-sized Brazilian city, conformance wise to its Master Plans, under different administrations from contrasting political parties. The purpose is to identify discrepancies in urban growth spatial outcomes, according to territorial governance, quantitatively assessing whether the observed growth complied with zoning strategies or comprised nonconforming development. It is arguable that governance capacity affects the spatial distribution of urban growth and, consequently, the regulation of urban sprawl. The results show disparate patterns of urban growth corresponding to different administrations, even under the same plan implementation, suggesting that the spatial outcomes could have been shaped either by the enforcement or the abstention of planning regulations, characterizing contrasting approaches on territorial governance.
The concept of behavioral settings, which is a branch of environmental psychology, means a stable behavioral pattern in place resulting from the interaction of the environment and human beings. There is entanglement between all components of the behavioral settings (body and behavioral patterns). This feature is called synomorphism. The present article examines the synomorphy components by reading the story of Khondasht written by Nasser Vahdati in the field of Regional Novels as documents that contain a lot of information about lifestyle, climate, architecture, etc., and seeks to answer the following two questions: 1. Which synomorphy components have the greatest impact on the formation of behavioral settings in Native homes? 2. How do these factors affect components of behavioral settings? The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The descriptive part is based on the documentary method and the case study. The analytical part is based on the method of integrated content analysis (quantitative and qualitative). The results of the study indicate that based on the case study, the learned reactions and the appearance of the environment are the most important synomorphy factors in the formation of behavioral settings in the native home of the case study.
The socio-economic consequences of regional unevenness remain one of the major problems of Japan’s development in the 21st century. Despite some success in regional economic policy, the main quantitative indicators of territorial-economic proportions or lack thereof have changed little over the past 30 years despite certain successes of regional economic policy. However, a number of internal and external factors have made it necessary to adjust approaches to regional strategic planning. These include globalization and the changing positioning of Japan in the world market, the partial loss of competitive positions in Asian markets, and increased competition between “international” cities for foreign investment. Internal factors include the decline of the Japanese population at a rate higher than previously expected, changes in people’s lifestyles and shifts in their value system, the increasing importance of such of its components as stability, security, favorable environmental conditions, attractive landscapes, and diversification of lifestyles. The new strategy of the 21st century is based on the idea of creating a multilayered “compact and networked territorial structure”, which should ensure the availability of social services for residents of all localities by optimizing the social infrastructure and forming “new urban cores”. The economic development of regions should focus on the development of industries that rely on local resources and take into account local specifics, as well as the creation of “ecosystems” of innovations. Along with vitalizing regional and rural economy, Japan’s New Spatial Strategy also aims to adjust the excessive concentration of population and economic potential of large megacities (primarily Tokyo) and at the same time strengthen their global competitiveness. As necessary conditions for achieving the ambitious goals, the Spatial Development Strategy calls for achieving economic growth, increasing industrial productivity, building innovation through regional resources and interregional cooperation, increasing the participation of women and senior persons in work and public life, using modern “smart” technologies, and sharing economy formats. The traditional imperative in formulating Japan’s spatial development strategy remains the obvious desire to solve the problems of territorial unevenness in conjunction with solving other socio-economic problems of the country, in particular, the problems of environment and demographic decline (which is especially noticeable in the regions), issues of upgrading economic and social infrastructure.
<p class="E-JOURNALAbstractBodyEnglish">The purpose of this research is to know about the credit giving system and the implementation of internal control system of credit giving in BUMDes Bangun Bersama Kepunduhan village. The data that used in this research is qualitative data.and the analytical method is depcriptive qualitative method. The result showed that the credit giving system in BUMDes Bangun Bersama Kepunduhan village is consist of 5 procedures that is credit request, credit analysis, decision awarding, credit dibursement and repayment of credit. The implementation of internal control system of credit giving in BUMDes Bangun Bersama are based on 5 elements of internal control system. Based on the result of the quesstionnaire it can be concluded that the internal control system of credit giving of BUMDes Bangun Bersama Kepunduhan village Kramat sub-district Tegal district is exactly effective.</p><strong><em>Keywords : Internal Control System, Credit, BUMDes</em></strong>
FIFA World Cup™ (FWC) is the world’s largest sporting event in a single sport. Due to its popularity, starting with its 2026 edition, FWCs will accommodate 48 participating teams instead of the current 32. This will provide an estimated profit of one billion US dollars. However, the expansion of FWC will also accelerate its carbon footprint due to increased use of transportation and tourist accommodation. This carbon footprint has not been considered by FIFA when deciding on the number of FWC participants. To showcase the carbon implications of the FIFA decision, this study assesses the carbon footprint of tourist accommodation during possible future staging of the 2030 FWC in South America. To this end, two scenarios are assessed: in Scenario 1 the current structure of 32 teams is maintained and in Scenario 2 an expansion to 48 teams is considered. A comparative analysis of these two scenarios shows that, only due to increased demand for tourist accommodation, the FIFA’s decision to increase the number of FWC participants will accelerate its carbon footprint by 24%. To reduce this carbon footprint, FIFA should consider choosing host countries on the basis of their national energy use matrices. FIFA should further prioritise those countries with the largest number of climate-friendly tourist accommodations exemplified, for example, by the award of reputable environmental certifications.
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Economic growth, development, planning
El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de eficiencia técnica de los recursos públicos en la UNA periodo 2014-2018, se realiza un análisis en dos etapas sobre un total de 350 observaciones, correspondientes a las escuelas profesionales. En la primera etapa, se evalúa el nivel de eficiencia técnica de cada escuela profesional, utilizando la metodología no paramétrica Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA-CRS input, DEA-CRS output, DEA-VRS input, DEA-VRS output) propuesto inicialmente por Charnes et al. (1978). Por otra parte, en la segunda etapa, se analizan los determinantes de la eficiencia a través de un análisis de regresión truncada Tobit. Los principales resultados muestran que el grado de ineficiencia promedio mide en 0.65; sin embargo, algunas escuelas profesionales registran eficiencia técnica durante un periodo determinado, las cuales son: odontología, enfermería, ciencias contables, educación secundaria, educación física, educación primaria, educación inicial, trabajo social, sociología, antropología, arte y ciencias físico matemática. Por lo tanto, en su mayoría, las escuelas profesionales de ingeniería y biomédicas son ineficientes. La ineficiencia está determinada por el número de aulas, laboratorios, bibliotecas, número de alumnos matriculados, ratio número de estudiantes por docente, número de docentes, número de docentes nombrados, ratio de docentes varones con respecto a docentes mujeres y el número de personal administrativo. El recurso humano docente nombrado y el número de estudiantes por docente están relacionado positivamente con la eficiencia al nivel de significación del 1%.
Economics as a science, Economic history and conditions
The article considers the state of international tourism for people with disabilities. It has been studied that inclusive tourism area has great potential for development, as more than 15% of the world’s population can be defined as inclusive tourists. The volume of inclusive tourism market development is constantly increasing. Taking into account the world experience of development of “tourism for all” and analysis of statistics on the number of people with disabilities and socially disadvantaged people, the prospects for the development of the inclusive tourism market are determined, which is especially important given its social significance. Therefore, it has been expedient to analyze the prospects of creating an effective system of inclusive tourism. The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects for the formation of an effective system of public administration for the development of inclusive tourism on the basis of international experience in supporting the entrepreneurial activity of inclusive tourism. The authors propose a system of integrated approach to ensure effective public policy in shaping the conditions for the development of inclusive tourism and creating a barrier-free environment for tourism destinations. Harmonization of the mechanisms for improving the effectiveness of public policy in the field of inclusive tourism requires the development of an organizational mechanism for implementing the concepts of “tourism for all” with the identification of practical aspects of its implementation in accordance with international norms and standards. Given the limited state funding for tourism in Ukraine, the development of inclusive tourism cannot be highly efficient, which is primarily due to the social direction of the area. The international documents and Ukrainian normative acts and laws regulating tourist activity for people with disabilities are analyzed and studied. To create an effective system of social protection for all categories of the population, including people with disabilities, it is necessary to take into account the experience of foreign countries, where a resembling system has been operating quite successfully for a long time. From this point of view, firstly, it is necessary to consider the social protection systems that have been introduced in the countries of the European Union, where the disabilities rights movement has been launched. In the countries of the European Union, social policy and the participation of social partners in its formation have undergone significant transformations, and a fundamentally new supranational and suprastate course of social protection and welfare of citizens has emerged. As a country aspiring to join the European Union, Ukraine must take into account the best foreign experience of the world’s leading countries in the field of state policy to support persons with disabilities and its implementation. The European and world experience of adaptation of the tourism industry for people with disabilities (on the example of Slovenia, Israel, Spain and the USA) is analyzed. The problems that hinder the development of international tourism for people with disabilities in Ukraine and measures to solve them are identified.
„Otthon nélkül nem ember az ember.”– Talmud, Jevámot 63a.
A tanulmány alapjául szolgáló kutatás a Práter utcai melegedőt látogató hajléktalan emberek városhasználatával foglalkozik. Egy kérdőíves adatfelvétel elemzése alapján rekonstruálom, hogy a válaszadók hol töltötték el a napjukat, merre jártak, mivel közlekedtek, mikor, mit csináltak. A nappali melegedőben felvett kérdőívek a hajléktalan társadalom sokrétűségét mutatják, ennek kutatása és feltérképezése a városi társadalmak megértésének és fejlesztésének egyaránt fontos eleme. A kérdőíveket adatalapú, térképalapú és videóalapú elemzéssel dolgoztam fel. A különböző megjelenítési formák újfajta látásmódok kialakításához járulhatnak hozzá és segíthetnek a hajléktalanság komplexitásának megértésében. A válaszadók mobilitásának morfológiáját vizsgálva lokális, globális és „otthona az út” típusú közlekedőket azonosíthatunk. Emellett csoportosíthatjuk a részvevőket életkoruk, lakhatási formájuk, tömegközlekedési szokásaik és a hajléktalan létben eltöltött idejük szerint. Az egyes csoportok eltérően használják a várost, a város kínálta lehetőségeket; morfológiai viselkedésüket vizsgálva megfigyelhetők ismétlődő, hasonló elemek, amelyek mintázatokká állnak össze. A kutatás egyik eredményének a tömegközlekedésben rejlő potenciál felismerését tekintem. A tömegközlekedést használók aránya a megkérdezett hajléktalan emberek között kifejezetten magas, ezért a tömegközlekedési eszközök az ellátórendszert nem használók elérésének és segítésének egyik helyszínévé válhatnának.
History (General) and history of Europe, Economic history and conditions
The railway transport node in Kutoarjo, serving the southern route of Java, is an excellent opportunity for Kutoarjo's economic growth. Kutoarjo, located in the administrative area of Purworejo Regency in RTRW of Central Java Province belongs to Purwomanggung regional system covering Purworejo Regency, Wonosobo Regency, Magelang Regency, Magelang City, and Temanggung Regency. An international airport is also being built in Kulonprogo Regency, Special Region of Jogjakarta Province, which will be integrated with the existing stations in Purworejo Regency, explicitly located in Kutoarjo sub-district, Kutoarjo Station. The construction of NYIA (New Yogyakarta International Airport) in Kulon Progo is an excellent opportunity for the rise and trigger for Kutoarjo. However, the current condition of the existing Kutoharjo station is not optimal and does not significantly give added value to the economy either in Kutoarjo or Purworejo. Kutoharjo Station is only a temporary transit point, and there is no other object which can make visitors want to stop longer in Kutoharjo. This study aims to formulate a management development of Kutoarjo as a transit city that can contribute to mobilizing the economy in Purworejo Regency and its surrounding areas. The analysis is conducted by considering movement patterns, development of transit areas, supporting sectors and policies. Based on the analysis results, it can be seen that the development of transit area using seamless tourism concept requires ± 1.4 ha of land around Kutoarjo station, which is still included in 200 meters (walkable) radius. Result of study reveals that the development of node transit is supported by a potential tourism sector. The implication of this transit area development is the absorption of labor force in 2038 as many as 12,213 people. Besides, there is an economic increase of PAD (LGR) of 55.7% which eventually leads the LGR (PAD) reach IDR. 2.328.129.852.138 in 2039.
Maria D. Tenev, Alejandro Farías, Camila Torre
et al.
Removing dyes used in the textile industry from the water bodies is a relevant task because of the importance of their high toxicity. The cotton industry waste is a big problem in the final disposal. Waste cotton fibrils were studied as adsorbent material to treat the coloured effluents of the textile industry. Washing with boiling water was determined as the most efficient method for cleaning. The material was physical characterized. After that, methylene blue adsorption tests were carried out to review the dry removal process at different pH. The Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second kinetic order models best described this adsorption process. The results would indicate that the process involve a chemisorptions.
Organizations in today’s extremely competitive environment need to devote significant time, energy as well as human and financial resources to the measurement of their efficiency, in order to increase their profit, reduce costs, better plan their assets and manage their budgets, as well as to improve budget controls and risk assessment. Therefore, they need performance models, including the Balanced Scorecard. Primarily intended for profit organizations, the Balanced Scorecard is today used in the public sector, as well. This paper presents the research into the utilization of the Balanced Scorecard in the public sector, examining whether the performance of higher education institutions may be improved by the design and utilization of the Balanced Scorecard model.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economics as a science
Sustainability agenda has been gaining extensive concentration as one of the major development paradigm in modern era. Rapid economic growth, social development, sustainability and poverty reduction have been considered as crucial discourse under that paradigm. With the world-wide wave of economic development and improved traditional living standard of people, consumption of fuel has also increased significantly. Exponential growth in use of fossil fuel and its impacts compelled to search for alternative energy sources. Green energy is that source of energy that is naturally restocked. Nepal is rich enough country for renewable energy sources even though, could not accelerate growth and development agenda. Appropriate policy, planning, and management of green energy would help to give a big push to break development hazards and would contribute for takeoff for sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies. This paper attempts how green energy policy, planning and management would contribute for gearing up for sustainable development and poverty reduction in Nepal. It is an endeavor to scrutinize and understand the green energy utilization, proper management and exploring the capacity of the Nepalese economy. Findings of the study conclude that, instead of fossil energy, renewable energy utilization contributes for transferring poor livelihood and its sustainability.
Urban regions worldwide are increasingly facing the challenge of dealing with highly dynamic metropolitan growth and, at the same time, institutional changes like decentralisation and globalisation. These kinds of changes express themselves most evidently in peri-urban areas, where urban and rural life meets. These peri-urban areas in particular have been the stage for rapid physical, social and economic transformations, both in developed and developing countries. Peri-urbanization takes place here. Based on literature review, this paper presents an effort to identify generic attributes of peri-urbanisation and the way in which development planning tends to reply. Three major attributes are identified: peri-urban space (the spatial expression of peri-urban development), peri-urban life (the functional appearance of land uses, activities and peri-urban innovation), and peri-urban change (a causal and temporal perspective featuring flows and drivers of change). It is also shown that prevalent institutional replies in planning and development generally fail to acknowledge the dynamic and increasingly fragmented attributes of global peri-urbanisation.
The purpose of the work is an exposure of modern tendencies of investment policy of TNC. Research of degree of a particular branch engaged in globalization processes. Mathematical, analytical and abstract-logical methods allowed analysing a dynamics, tendencies, and priorities of the direct foreign investment, carried out by TNCs. Methodology. The methodological base of the research is Ukrainian scientific works and foreign scientists and leading specialists, statistical and analytical materials of international organizations. Research results testify that there is no any direct dependence between of a particular branch interests in bringing in of DFI and real tendencies of their bringing in. It is analysed, in what industries of the economy of Ukraine direct foreign investments bring the most considerable contribution in the process of investing in the fixed assets. For estimation, the indexes of correlation of DFI in industry and investments in the fixed assets (FDI/FСI) are used. Practical implication. It is possible to draw a conclusion that without bringing foreign capital into the Ukrainian economy it is sufficiently difficult to attain high values of the economy growing and development. Taking into account a difficult economic and promissory situation, the best for a country are private direct foreign investments, the main source of which are multinational corporations. The possibility of activation of the attraction of foreign direct investments to Ukraine is fully real, given the fact that as a result of economic and political changes, here is created a more favourable situation, than before reforms for the introduction in its economy of great foreign economic entities. At the same time, own large economic structures were formed in Ukraine: business concerns, consortia, associations, integrated associations, financial-industrial groups (FIG). Value/originality. It is impossible not to mark that Ukraine lags behind in carrying out market reforms from the countries of Central and East Europe (CEE), from China. However, tendencies, which showed up in aforementioned countries, in relation to attraction and use of foreign direct investments, also come to light in Ukraine. Foremost, it concerns the creation of favourable investment climate, the presence and degree of favourableness of which characterize the state of the economy of host country overall and also is the indicator of the efficiency of market reforms.