Hasil untuk "Biography"

P. Allison

D. Chandler

List of illustrations Prcface Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Models of the sign 2 Signs and things 3 Analysing structures 4 Challenging the literal 5 Codes 6 Tcxtual interactions 7 Limitations and strengths Glossary References Index Author biography = Dr Daniel Chandler is a lecturer in the Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. Other data = 'This is the best introduction to semiotics I have read. The author combines a scholarly command of the subject with the ability to organise and present it in an enticing and informative way. The result is a textbook which is comprehensive, but also accessible and interesting: an invaluable resource, not only for beginners, but for more advanced students too.' (Guy Cook, University of Reading)

J. Halberstam

A. Appadurai

W. Hollway, T. Jefferson

Larry Hatcher

D. Bertaux

Junhong Ye, Xu Yuan, Xinying Qiu

Accurate recognition of personally identifiable information (PII) is central to automated text anonymization. This paper investigates the effectiveness of cross-domain model transfer, multi-domain data fusion, and sample-efficient learning for PII recognition. Using annotated corpora from healthcare (I2B2), legal (TAB), and biography (Wikipedia), we evaluate models across four dimensions: in-domain performance, cross-domain transferability, fusion, and few-shot learning. Results show legal-domain data transfers well to biographical texts, while medical domains resist incoming transfer. Fusion benefits are domain-specific, and high-quality recognition is achievable with only 10% of training data in low-specialization domains.

Ira Rai, Vandana Vinayak, Richard Gordon

A galaxy cluster, such as RX J2129, sometimes produces two or more gravitationally lensed images of more distant galaxies. We attempt to regard pairs of these images as stereo pairs. While not successful due to the small disparity angles involved, we suggest that with the 1011 light amplification anticipated from the Solar Gravitational Lens (SGL), individual stars of the distant galaxy might be resolved, resulting in 3D images.

Pasquale Tucci

In the Occhialini-Dilworth Archives of the University of Milan are preserved four typescripts by E. Amaldi, dealing with F.G. Houtermans, German physicist, who fled to the USSR to escape the Nazis. During a Stalinist purge he was arrested. The typescripts were sent to the two Milanese physicists so that they might give a judgement. G.S. Occhialini and C. Dilworth, in fact, had personally met Houtermans in 1934 and in 1950. The scenario is that of the role of nuclear physicists during the WW2. The exchange of letters between Amaldi and the two Milanese physicists will be analysed in order to identify possible influences on Amaldi. I will highlight Dilworth's contribution, which found room in a chapter of Amaldi's biography of Houtermans.

Tianyi Li, Erenay Dayanik, Shubhi Tyagi et al.

In this paper, we present HalluCana, a canary lookahead to detect and correct factuality hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-form generation. HalluCana detects and intervenes as soon as traces of hallucination emerge, during and even before generation. To support timely detection, we exploit the internal factuality representation in the LLM hidden space, where we investigate various proxies to the LLMs' factuality self-assessment, and discuss its relation to the models' context familiarity from their pre-training. On biography generation, our method improves generation quality by up to 2.5x, while consuming over 6 times less compute.

Prajnyajit Mohanty, Umesh C. Pati, Kamalakanta Mahapatra et al.

Consumer lighting plays a significant role in the development of smart cities and smart villages. With the advancement of (IoT) technology, smart lighting solutions have become more prevalent in residential areas as well. These solutions provide consumers with increased energy efficiency, added convenience, and improved security. On the other hand, the growing number of IoT devices has become a global concern due to the carbon footprint and carbon emissions associated with these devices. The overuse of batteries increases maintenance and cost to IoT devices and simultaneously possesses adverse environmental effects, ultimately exacerbating the pace of climate change. Therefore, in tandom with the principles of Industry 4.0, it has become crucial for manufacturing and research industries to prioritize sustainable measures adhering to smart energy as a prevention to the negative impacts. Consequently, it has undoubtedly garnered global interest from scientists, researchers, and industrialists to integrate state-of-the-art technologies in order to solve the current issues in consumer light management systems making it a complete sustainable, and smart solution for consumer lighting application. This manuscript provides a thorough investigation of various methods as well as techniques to design a state-of-the-art IoT-enabled consumer light management system. It critically reviews the existing works done in consumer light management systems, emphasizing the significant limitations and the need for sustainability. The top-down approach of developing sustainable computing frameworks for IoT-enabled consumer light management has been reviewed based on the multidisciplinary technologies involved and state-of-the-art works in the respective domains. Lastly, this article concludes by highlighting possible avenues for future research.

Zhengping Jiang, Jingyu Zhang, Nathaniel Weir et al.

Hallucinations pose a challenge to the application of large language models (LLMs) thereby motivating the development of metrics to evaluate factual precision. We observe that popular metrics using the Decompose-Then-Verify framework, such as \FActScore, can be manipulated by adding obvious or repetitive subclaims to artificially inflate scores. This observation motivates our new customizable plug-and-play subclaim selection component called Core, which filters down individual subclaims according to their uniqueness and informativeness. We show that many popular factual precision metrics augmented by Core are substantially more robust on a wide range of knowledge domains. We release an evaluation framework supporting easy and modular use of Core and various decomposition strategies, which we recommend adoption by the community. We also release an expansion of the FActScore biography dataset to facilitate further studies of decomposition-based factual precision evaluation.

Федорова Дарья Николаевна, Гиря Евгений Юрьевич

В статье представлены результаты первого экспериментально-трасологического исследования центральной группы мыса Бесов нос петроглифов Онежского озера. Объектом настоящего исследования являются выбивки центральной группы петроглифов, выявленной на мысе Бесов нос и включающей в себя 171 фигуру. Для изучения наскального искусства выбранного региона данная методика применена впервые. Для создания эталонной базы были проведены все предполагаемые виды экспериментов с применением как наиболее характерных для данного региона материалов, так и некоторых «неклассических». Всего было использовано 11 видов сырья для создания орудий выбивки. В ходе экспериментов моделировались три способа создания петроглифов – прямой и опосредованный пикетаж, а также шлифование. Исследование было направлено на все информативные выбивки с разными вариациями их видов. В итоге сделан вывод о действительном наличии следов применения как минимум двух техник нанесения изображений на скальную поверхность. В первом случае выделены изображения, которые могли быть выполнены только металлическими орудиями без применения каменных орудий. К данному типу относится большинство изображений, расположенных на мысе Бесов нос Онежского озера. Во втором случае выделены изображения, которые могли быть выполнены только с использованием каменных орудий без применения металлических. К данному типу относится меньший процент изображений, в основном это изображения лебедей.

E. V. Pshenichnaya

The article deals with little-studied issues related to the formation and existence of Russian personal libraries in Turkestan region from the final third of the 19th to the early of 20th century. Its purpose is to identify the main characteristic features of the “Russian personal libraries” of the Turkestan region on the example of N.S. Lykoshin’s personal library. The main research methods are that of historical and book analysis and the modeling. The relevance of the study is due to the urgent need to fill the historiographical gap in the study of Russian personal libraries of the Turkestan region during the period under study. The article presents the biography of N.S. Lykoshin, as well as the history of formation, thematic content and the degree of study of his book collection. This practically unexplored aspect of Russian book culture is considered in a biographical context in order to determine how the range of interests of the owner influenced the main motives of book collecting and the thematic composition of the N.S. Lykoshin book collection. The paper draws conclusions about the importance of N.S. Lykoshin’s personal library as a valuable historical and cultural source for the study of Russian book culture in the region. It has the definite characteristic features peculiar to the Russian personal libraries of the Turkestan region: typology, thematic and specific composition of documents, features of the of publication design, etc.

Tim Vogel, Samira Mansourzadeh, Uttam Nandi et al.

In the last few years, many advances have been made in the demonstration of high-average power pulsed THz sources; however, little effort has been made to study compatible sensitive field-resolved detectors. Here, we investigate ErAs:InAlGaAs photoconductive receivers optimized for a probe wavelength of 1030 nm and thus suitable for the new class of high-power ultrafast Ytterbium-based laser sources for THz generation and detection. The performance of the receiver is tested with a few-cycle THz source with high average power up to 20 mW and the dynamic range and saturation behavior of the receiver is thoroughly characterized. Under optimized settings, a dynamic range of more than 115 dB is reached in a 120 s measurement time with 20 mW of THz average power, which is among the highest reported values to date. By reviewing the state-of-the art in TDS measurement and post-processing technology, we identify current limitations and guidelines for further increasing the dynamic range towards 150 dB in short measurement times using high average power THz systems.

Paolo Molaro

An intriguing reference to the existence of a self-portrait by Galileo Galilei is contained in the biography of the scientist by Thomas Salusbury dated ca. 1665, of which only one incomplete and inaccessible copy exists. Galileo grew up in a Renaissance atmosphere, acquiring an artistic touch. He was a musician, a writer and also a painter, as reported by Viviani and documented by his watercolours of the Moon and drawings of solar spots. Recently a new portrait with a remarkable similarity to the portraits of Galileo Galilei by Santi di Tito (1601), Domenico Tintoretto (ca. 1604), and Furini (ca. 1612) has been found and examined using sophisticated face recognition techniques. If the identity could be confirmed, other elements, such as the young age of Galileo or the seam in the canvas revealed by infrared and X-ray analysis, may suggest a possible link with the self-portrait mentioned by Salusbury.

Minje Choi, Daniel M. Romero, David Jurgens

Our social identities determine how we interact and engage with the world surrounding us. In online settings, individuals can make these identities explicit by including them in their public biography, possibly signaling a change to what is important to them and how they should be viewed. Here, we perform the first large-scale study on Twitter that examines behavioral changes following identity signal addition on Twitter profiles. Combining social networks with NLP and quasi-experimental analyses, we discover that after disclosing an identity on their profiles, users (1) generate more tweets containing language that aligns with their identity and (2) connect more to same-identity users. We also examine whether adding an identity signal increases the number of offensive replies and find that (3) the combined effect of disclosing identity via both tweets and profiles is associated with a reduced number of offensive replies from others.

James Raven

 In a comparison of bibliographical approaches to Francysk Skaryna’s The Little Traveller’s Book (1522) and Erik Pontoppidan’s Natural History of Norway (1752) this article argues that attempts to write a book biography can benefit from extensive archival research as well as close physical examination of surviving copies, using new forensic technologies as well as adapting more traditional modes of investigation. Ultimately, however, the concept of ‘biography’ or ‘life cycle’ is questioned. The article examines the intellectual genesis, writing, translation, critical review, reception and collection of the Natural History as well as its extraordinary legacy – a legacy that is helpfully comparable to and distinctive from that of Skaryna’s work. Both writers moved in a world of circuits, of typographical and bibliographical innovation and comment, of travel and translation, of new and emergent accessibility to language and books – all, from their perspective, from the beneficence of God and to His glorification. Skaryna’s journey took him from Polatsk and Vilnius to Kraków and Padua, to his first Psalter and other biblical publishing in Prague and his The Little Traveller’s Book in Vilnius, to travels to Moscow, Poznan, Königsberg and back to Vilnius and Prague. As with Skaryna, Pontoppidan engaged in wide travel, also establishing far flung contacts and correspondence. Both faced constraints, and most notably the impact of war, disease, political and religious intervention and fires that destroyed cities and printing houses. Both writers were determined to write in the vernacular, Skaryna working to translate and create new type, all to make books of the Bible available in an accessible language. Skaryna contributed to the development of the Belarusian literary language just as Pontoppidan’s writing and interest in dialect contributed both to the standardization of Danish and the distinctive linguistic origins of Norwegian. Both composed prefaces to their editions, in which they emphasized that the purpose of their publishing activities was to help ordinary people, in Skaryna’s words to “become acquainted with wisdom and science.” The legacies of both diverged from literary references and directly derivative sightings of sea monsters in the case of Pontoppidan, to numerous statues and other material commemorations in the case of Skaryna who remains embroiled symbolically in different claims over national identities. The concluding assessment of whether such study can contribute to a ‘book biography’ or ‘life cycle’ is guarded, suggesting alternative concepts that might be tested. This includes the idea of a ‘book biology’ whereby, in such study of a ‘life’, a book is conceived by its intellectual creator with very specific intentions and is then transmuted by other actors and agencies into different material, visual and linguistic forms. In the case of Skaryna, the creations amounted to numerous unstable texts, variously arranged, with uncertain survival rates and relatively poor evidence of use. In the case of Pontoppidan, three more stable editions, Danish, German and English, were all also materially different and each copy reproduced in separate operations of printing and collation. Each copy pursued thereafter its own life – no more reproduction and so no book genealogy – but hugely diverse and differently influential lives. In such ways the biosphere might be renamed the bibliosphere. Some book lives were terminated in relative infancy, some moved around the world and through many hands, some mutilated, others preserved in situ and symbolically represented at anniversaries or for political and cultural ends.

Horst Schmidt-Böcking, Bretislav Friedrich

In order to commemorate Alfred Landé's unriddling of the anomalous Zeeman Effect a century ago, we reconstruct his seminal contribution to atomic physics in light of the atomic models available at the time. Landé recognized that the coupling of quantized electronic angular momenta via their vector addition within an atom was the origin of all the apparent mysteries of atomic structure as manifested by the anomalous Zeeman effect. We show to which extent Landé's ideas influenced the development of quantum physics, particularly Wolfgang Pauli's path to the exclusion principle. We conclude with Landé's brief biography.