Hasil untuk "Arts in general"

D. Bäuerle

K. Taylor, N. Betz

Xiaofei Xie, L. Ma, Felix Juefei-Xu et al.

The past decade has seen the great potential of applying deep neural network (DNN) based software to safety-critical scenarios, such as autonomous driving. Similar to traditional software, DNNs could exhibit incorrect behaviors, caused by hidden defects, leading to severe accidents and losses. In this paper, we propose DeepHunter, a coverage-guided fuzz testing framework for detecting potential defects of general-purpose DNNs. To this end, we first propose a metamorphic mutation strategy to generate new semantically preserved tests, and leverage multiple extensible coverage criteria as feedback to guide the test generation. We further propose a seed selection strategy that combines both diversity-based and recency-based seed selection. We implement and incorporate 5 existing testing criteria and 4 seed selection strategies in DeepHunter. Large-scale experiments demonstrate that (1) our metamorphic mutation strategy is useful to generate new valid tests with the same semantics as the original seed, by up to a 98% validity ratio; (2) the diversity-based seed selection generally weighs more than recency-based seed selection in boosting the coverage and in detecting defects; (3) DeepHunter outperforms the state of the arts by coverage as well as the quantity and diversity of defects identified; (4) guided by corner-region based criteria, DeepHunter is useful to capture defects during the DNN quantization for platform migration.

Hong Wang, Qi Xie, Qian Zhao et al.

Deep learning (DL) methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance in the task of single image rain removal. Most of current DL architectures, however, are still lack of sufficient interpretability and not fully integrated with physical structures inside general rain streaks. To this issue, in this paper, we propose a model-driven deep neural network for the task, with fully interpretable network structures. Specifically, based on the convolutional dictionary learning mechanism for representing rain, we propose a novel single image deraining model and utilize the proximal gradient descent technique to design an iterative algorithm only containing simple operators for solving the model. Such a simple implementation scheme facilitates us to unfold it into a new deep network architecture, called rain convolutional dictionary network (RCDNet), with almost every network module one-to-one corresponding to each operation involved in the algorithm. By end-to-end training the proposed RCDNet, all the rain kernels and proximal operators can be automatically extracted, faithfully characterizing the features of both rain and clean background layers, and thus naturally lead to its better deraining performance, especially in real scenarios. Comprehensive experiments substantiate the superiority of the proposed network, especially its well generality to diverse testing scenarios and good interpretability for all its modules, as compared with state-of-the-arts both visually and quantitatively.

Xu Yan, Jiantao Gao, Chaoda Zheng et al.

As camera and LiDAR sensors capture complementary information used in autonomous driving, great efforts have been made to develop semantic segmentation algorithms through multi-modality data fusion. However, fusion-based approaches require paired data, i.e., LiDAR point clouds and camera images with strict point-to-pixel mappings, as the inputs in both training and inference, which seriously hinders their application in practical scenarios. Thus, in this work, we propose the 2D Priors Assisted Semantic Segmentation (2DPASS), a general training scheme, to boost the representation learning on point clouds, by fully taking advantage of 2D images with rich appearance. In practice, by leveraging an auxiliary modal fusion and multi-scale fusion-to-single knowledge distillation (MSFSKD), 2DPASS acquires richer semantic and structural information from the multi-modal data, which are then online distilled to the pure 3D network. As a result, equipped with 2DPASS, our baseline shows significant improvement with only point cloud inputs. Specifically, it achieves the state-of-the-arts on two large-scale benchmarks (i.e. SemanticKITTI and NuScenes), including top-1 results in both single and multiple scan(s) competitions of SemanticKITTI.

Weihua Chen, Xianzhe Xu, Jian Jia et al.

Human-centric visual tasks have attracted increasing research attention due to their widespread applications. In this paper, we aim to learn a general human representation from massive unlabeled human images which can benefit downstream human-centric tasks to the maximum extent. We call this method SOLIDER, a Semantic cOntrollable seLf-supervIseD lEaRning framework. Unlike the existing self-supervised learning methods, prior knowledge from human images is utilized in SOLIDER to build pseudo semantic labels and import more semantic information into the learned representation. Meanwhile, we note that different downstream tasks always require different ratios of semantic information and appearance information. For example, human parsing requires more semantic information, while person re-identification needs more appearance information for identification purpose. So a single learned representation cannot fit for all requirements. To solve this problem, SOLIDER introduces a conditional network with a semantic controller. After the model is trained, users can send values to the controller to produce representations with different ratios of semantic information, which can fit different needs of downstream tasks. Finally, SOLIDER is verified on six downstream human-centric visual tasks. It outperforms state of the arts and builds new baselines for these tasks. The code is released in https://github.com/tinyvision/SOLIDER.

Qi Xie, Qian Zhao, Deyu Meng et al.

As a promising way for analyzing data, sparse modeling has achieved great success throughout science and engineering. It is well known that the sparsity/low-rank of a vector/matrix can be rationally measured by nonzero-entries-number ($l_0$ norm)/nonzero- singular-values-number (rank), respectively. However, data from real applications are often generated by the interaction of multiple factors, which obviously cannot be sufficiently represented by a vector/matrix, while a high order tensor is expected to provide more faithful representation to deliver the intrinsic structure underlying such data ensembles. Unlike the vector/matrix case, constructing a rational high order sparsity measure for tensor is a relatively harder task. To this aim, in this paper we propose a measure for tensor sparsity, called Kronecker-basis-representation based tensor sparsity measure (KBR briefly), which encodes both sparsity insights delivered by Tucker and CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) low-rank decompositions for a general tensor. Then we study the KBR regularization minimization (KBRM) problem, and design an effective ADMM algorithm for solving it, where each involved parameter can be updated with closed-form equations. Such an efficient solver makes it possible to extend KBR to various tasks like tensor completion and tensor robust principal component analysis. A series of experiments, including multispectral image (MSI) denoising, MSI completion and background subtraction, substantiate the superiority of the proposed methods beyond state-of-the-arts.

Zhouxia Wang, Tianshui Chen, Guanbin Li et al.

This paper proposes a novel deep architecture to address multi-label image recognition, a fundamental and practical task towards general visual understanding. Current solutions for this task usually rely on an extra step of extracting hypothesis regions (i.e., region proposals), resulting in redundant computation and sub-optimal performance. In this work, we achieve the interpretable and contextualized multi-label image classification by developing a recurrent memorized-attention module. This module consists of two alternately performed components: i) a spatial transformer layer to locate attentional regions from the convolutional feature maps in a region-proposal-free way and ii) an LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) sub-network to sequentially predict semantic labeling scores on the located regions while capturing the global dependencies of these regions. The LSTM also output the parameters for computing the spatial transformer. On large-scale benchmarks of multi-label image classification (e.g., MS-COCO and PASCAL VOC 07), our approach demonstrates superior performances over other existing state-of-the-arts in both accuracy and efficiency.

F. Richlan, Moritz Weiß, Patrick Kastner et al.

The present article reports a narrative review of intervention (i.e., training) studies using Virtual Reality (VR) in sports contexts. It provides a qualitative overview and narrative summary of such studies to clarify the potential benefits of VR technology for sports performance enhancement, to extract the main characteristics of the existing studies, and to inform and guide future research. Our literature search and review eventually resulted in 12 intervention studies with a pre vs. post design focused on different sports, including target and precision sports (archery, bowling, curling, darts, golf), bat/racquet and ball sports (baseball, table tennis), goal sports (football/soccer, basketball), martial arts (karate), and sport-unspecific processes such as bodily sensations and balancing. The samples investigated in the primary studies included novice, amateur, and expert athletes (total aggregated sample size N = 493). Many studies found statistically significant effects in relevant target skills following interventions in VR, often outperforming training effects in passive or active control conditions (e.g., using conventional training protocols). Therefore, interventions in VR (or extended reality) have the potential to elicit real effects in sports performance enhancement through training of motor and psychological skills and capabilities in athletes, including perception-action skills, strategic, tactical and decision-making, responding to unexpected events, and enhancing psychological resilience and mental performance under pressure. The neurocognitive mechanisms (e.g., visual search behavior, imagery), methodological aspects (e.g., adaptive training difficulty), and the issues of real-world transfer and generalizability via which these potential sports-performance-related improvements may occur are discussed. Finally, limitations of the present review, the included studies, the current state of the field in general as well as an outlook and future perspectives for research designs and directions are taken into consideration.

Wenhang Ge, T. Hu, Haoyu Zhao et al.

Neural implicit surface learning has shown significant progress in multi-view 3D reconstruction, where an object is represented by multilayer perceptrons that provide continuous implicit surface representation and view-dependent radiance. However, current methods often fail to accurately reconstruct reflective surfaces, leading to severe ambiguity. To overcome this issue, we propose Ref-NeuS, which aims to reduce ambiguity by attenuating the effect of reflective surfaces. Specifically, we utilize an anomaly detector to estimate an explicit reflection score with the guidance of multiview context to localize reflective surfaces. Afterward, we design a reflection-aware photometric loss that adaptively reduces ambiguity by modeling rendered color as a Gaussian distribution, with the reflection score representing the variance. We show that together with a reflection direction-dependent radiance, our model achieves high-quality surface reconstruction on reflective surfaces and outperforms the state-of-the-arts by a large margin. Besides, our model is also comparable on general surfaces.

Godfrey BENTH NGOYI, Blady KASONGO MUNZILA et Séraphine KUBOLA NGOMA

Résumé : L’article explore la figure de l’Homo numericus, un individu dont la vie est médiatisée et reconfigurée par le numérique. Il analyse les transformations sociales et identitaires induites par les réseaux sociaux, où l’identité se construit dans une mise en scène permanente. Sur le plan économique, l’Homo numericus est à la fois producteur et consommateur de données, intégré dans le capitalisme de surveillance. Politiquement, il participe à de nouvelles formes de mobilisation, mais reste vulnérable à la désinformation et aux manipulations. Culturellement, il contribue à une culture participative, bien que freinée par la fracture numérique. L’étude conclut que cette figure est ambivalente : promesse d’émancipation, mais aussi risque de domination et de déshumanisation. Mots clés : Homo numericus, Identité numérique, Société connectée, Capitalisme de surveillance, Culture participative

Aaron M. Hyman

Between around 1630 and 1640, the little-studied printmaker Michael Snijders engraved an idiosyncratic series likely consisting of at least twenty-two prints. Approximating the logics of both drawing manual and sketchbook, the series brings together head studies, limbs, flora, fauna, antique costume, and fantastical creatures. Almost every one of these myriad motifs is copied from another source and staged – over the course of multiple, radically altered states – to produce a delightful play on the entwined concepts of copy and copiousness for artists and increasingly attentive connoisseurs. As this essay argues, Snijders’s series thus amounts to an intensive commentary on the mechanisms of print as a medium and, through this, on the history of early modern art and the status of the “copy” within it.

Erin Benay

MAKONGA BAENAKE Zozo

RESUME : L’ouvrage dont il est question, traite de “L’afflux sur le marché Congolais des meubles en bois importés ; Bilan et perspectives”, commence par le paradoxe d’un pays qui regorge une forêt de 1.280.000Km2, soit 54% de sa superficie, mais dont le marché est innondé par les meubles en bois importés. Ce faisant, l’article évoque des théories des avantages absolus et comparatifs, énoncés respectivement par Adam Smith et David Ricardo qui suggèrent à chaque Nation de se spécialiser dans la production des biens pour lesquels il est plus efficace que les autres, et échanger le surplus contre d’autres biens dont il aurait besoin . En toute logique, la RDC devrait exploiter ses potentialités aussi bien en matières premières, et sa croissance démographique qui constitue à coup sûr, une garantie en main d’œuvre et en débouchées. Ce qui n’est malheureusement pas le cas. C’est pour essayer de résoudre cette équation que nous abordons ce sujet qui s’est penché essentiellement sur le questionnement autour des points suivants : - Pourquoi l’afflux des meubles importés sur le marché Congolais ? - Quel est l’impact de cet afflux sur l’économie et l’artisanat local ? - Quelles perspectives d’avenir pour ce secteur d’activité ? En substance, il se révèle que l’afflux des meubles importés est causé, d’une part par le rejet des meubles locaux par les consommateurs qui les accusent de mauvais travail de finissage et autre vis, au profit de ceux importés convoités suite à leur design. Ce marché cause à la fois la fuite des capitaux qui a un impact négatif sur l’économie et menace dangereusement l’artisanat local qui tend à disparaitre suite à l’abandon de ses produits par les consommateurs qui convoitent les meubles importés. Comme perspectives d’avenir, des suggestions sont formulées en diverses approches qui, une fois matérialisées, garantiront un avenir sera radieux à ce secteur. Mots-clés : Marché congolais ; meubles en bois ; importés ; potentialités locales ; R. D. C.

Júlia Maria Hummes

Resumo dos textos que compõem a edição.

林季怡 Chi-I Lin, 李育諭 Yuh-Yuh Li

本研究探討如何透過食農教育培養大學生生態觀點，特別是拉近人與環境的距離。食農教育，除了永續農業概念的學習，最重要的是營造人與土地的親近關係，人與土地親近關係的認識，是環境倫理人文思維的深層實踐，不易在傳統教室教學環境中傳遞。本研究參考後實證教學方式，規劃小農場實作，作為永續農業概念教學的主要場域。教學理念為透過提供 學生農業耕作知識內容及經驗脈絡，並適當維持學生正向愉悅的學習感覺，從而產生對土地之親近感。本研究探討除了永續農業概念的學習，校園農場作為食農教育教案是否可以，以及如何可以讓學生產生土地親近感，並以概念圖及開放式意見調查進行資料蒐集，針對111位學生在學期初與學期末進行永續農業概念圖評量及開放式意見調查。主要研究發現包括：一、透過概念圖分析，學生對永續農業的概念在學期末測驗分數是提高的，且在環境或是經濟面向分數會較社會面向分數高；二、學生土地親近感在學期末測量分數相較於學期初提高，土地親近感之改變顯示食農教育課程有助於永續農業概念之學習；三、概念圖作為永續農業概念測量方法，具有不錯的效度。本研究建議，未來食農教育可規劃校園農場作為提供知識文化刺激的場域，增加學生與真實農業問題互動的機會與動機。 In the Global Education 2030 Agenda, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2017) emphasized that addressing the imbalance between humans and nature and promoting sustainable agriculture to end hunger and ensure food security are among the most essential educational goals. Community-based agriculture can be a key driver of change (UNESCO, 2017). On April 22, 2015, the Japanese government began promoting food and agriculture education and established the Basic Act on the Promotion of Urban Agriculture. One of the proposed strategies in this act is to “start from education and establish roots.” Similarly, on April 19, 2022, Taiwan established the Food and Agriculture Education Act, which was promulgated on May 4, 2022. According to Article 1 of the Food and Agriculture Education Act, the goals of food and agriculture education are to promote nationwide food and agriculture education; strengthen the link between diet, environment, and agriculture; enhance national health; inherit and promote a culture of food and agricultural; promote sustainable development of rural areas, agriculture, and the environment; establish a sound national food and agriculture education system; and cultivate talent. The fundamental goal of food and agriculture education is to strengthen the connection between diet, environment, and agriculture. One strategy to achieve this goal is to focus on strengthening the connection between humans and nature. The relationship between humans and the environment has not received considerable attention from scholars in the fields of the social sciences and humanities. However, scholars have begun to shift their focus toward the interaction between humans and the environment. Aldo Leopold, regarded as the father of environmental ethics, was the first scholar in the Western world to consider the relationship between humans and the environment. He introduced the concept of land ethics as a means of evaluating how humans should relate to their environment. According to Aldo Leopold’s land ethics, humans are members of a biotic community and must maintain the integrity of the land. Leopold emphasized the importance of the land, arguing that it is not merely a resource for human use but rather a mutually interdependent ecological community. Expanding on these reflections regarding humanity, Zalasiewicz et al. (2010) observed that human history has transitioned from the Holocene epoch to the Anthropocene epoch, a transition that began in approximately 1750. Consequently, humans have become the primary agents shaping the Earth’s environment. The challenge of the Anthropocene epoch, however, lies in the growing alienation between humans and the land, which has led to humans altering the natural environment and has posed a threat to the sustainable existence of human society. Seeking to understand the kinship between humans and the land represents a humanistic approach to environmental ethics. Such an approach can be challenging to employ in traditional classroom settings to achieve target learning outcomes. In the present study, we investigated how agrifood education can foster an ecological perspective in university students that strengthens the connection between humans and the environment. In addition to imparting the principles of sustainable agriculture, a key objective of agrifood education is cultivating a sense of kinship with the land. Our primary research question was as follows: Beyond the acquisition of knowledge regarding sustainable agriculture, how and to what extent does the integration of information regarding small-scale farming practices into agrifood curricula enhance students’ sense of kinship with the land? In accordance with postpositivist approaches, we adopted a sustainability transdisciplinary education model as a teaching strategy and established a small campus farm. This small campus farm was established to facilitate on-site learning regarding sustainable agriculture and related practices. By directly involving students in the farming experience, we sought to create a positive and enjoyable learning environment and foster a deep connection with the land. The campus farm served as a platform for integrating interdisciplinary knowledge regarding agrifood. Situated within the university campus, it combined the elements of the land, natural vitality, and a communal space. It enabled the students to understand the importance of preserving the natural environment and enhanced their understanding of the inherent and interconnected relationships between individuals and society as well as between individuals and the environment. We used concept mapping and open-ended questions to gather research data at the beginning and end of a semester, and we analyzed data obtained from 111 undergraduate students. Concept maps were used to evaluate the students’ understanding of sustainable agricultural development. Subsequently, these concept maps were independently evaluated by two experts on the basis of predetermined criteria, and the interrater reliability was determined. To measure the students’ sense of connection to the land, an open-ended survey was conducted, and the textual content of the students’ responses was analyzed. This survey was conducted at two time points: at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study. The first part involved a thematic apperception test similar to that used in psychology, in which the students were presented with an image of a piece of land and asked to record their thoughts and associations with the image. In the second part, students were presented with open-ended questions through which they were asked to express their ideas regarding different agricultural cultivation methods. The research participants primarily comprised university students enrolled in a two-semester general education course on food and agriculture. These students were affiliated with various colleges within the university, including the College of Science, College of Engineering, College of Marine Sciences, College of Management, College of Social Sciences, and College of the Humanities and Arts. Most of the students had only a basic understanding of agriculture, with a few having a family background in farming. Male students accounted for 57.7% of the participants, and female students accounted for 42.3%. The distribution among academic years was as follows: 25.2% freshmen, 36.9% sophomores, 2.7% juniors, and 35.5% seniors. Our results indicated the following. First, by the end of the course, the students’ understanding of and their attitude toward sustainable agriculture considerably improved. Second, the students’ sense of kinship with the land substantially improved. Third, the change in the students’ attitudes toward sustainable agriculture and their sense of kinship with the land correlated with their on-site campus farming experience. Fourth, concept mapping is an effective tool for evaluating students’ understanding of sustainable agriculture. Overall, our findings provide key empirical insights into the planning and execution of current agrifood educational practices. The humanistic perspective inherent to the concept of kinship with the land is fundamental for the successful implementation of sustainable agriculture education. However, spatial accessibility must be considered when establishing a farm. Notably, students must have a robust foundation with respect to the concept of sustainability to be able to grasp higher-level sustainability concepts. In addition, sustainable literacy must be developed and enriched through ongoing sustainable education.

Sigita Maslauskaitė-Mažylienė

The article aims to find out whether the appearance of the images of The Lord of Good Hope with its rare iconography in Lithuania was influ­ enced by the family history of the famous geologist Ignacy Domeyko (Lith. Ignotas Domeika, 1802–1889), while emphasising the contribution of his son, Rev. Hernán Domeyko (1859–1931), towards the dissemination of this cult. The history and iconography of the image, as well as the development of the veneration tradition in Santiago de Chile and the Vilnius Archdiocese is explored. The authorship of the painting of Vilnius Cathedral is estab­ lished, the erroneous date of its creation established in historiography is corrected, and the votives belonging to the painting are identified.

alejandro t. acierto

Contextualizing the scripted language for a(n always-in-progress) documentary work, this project offers a consideration of the stakes at play when thinking about the violence(s) of possesion. Looking to online marketplaces that extend the reach of colonial affectations, I am interested in how these overlooked sites not only underscore the concerns of material culture’s physical holding patterns but how they are also always entangled with the digital systems that support their movement and migration as material objects poised for sale. In effect, the violence of possession is conditioned upon the embedded violence of the infrastructures that enable its ongoing decontextualization. Working from a set of reflections written by Emilian Maria Ignacio Silang on the Archive of Constraint, I situate their story alongside these larger concerns to frame the conditions of power, ownership, and property enfolded within archival and collections-based work. Highlighting the consequences of digital culture’s capacity to alter how an object-image may be indexed or accessed, these critical annotations offer an expansion of Silang’s thought and extend the necessary considerations when dealing with material culture online.

Raimonda Simanaitienė

Straipsnyje analizuojamas dailininko Vaclovo Miknevičiaus daugiašakės keramikos palikimas. Šio menininko kūryba tyrimui pasirinkta, kaip dėsningai atspindinti esminius XX a. vidurio ir antros pusės Lietuvos autorinės, pramoninės ir architektūrinės keramikos pokyčius. Jai būdinga dauguma meninių tendencijų, išryškėjusių minėto laikotarpio stilistinėje raidoje. Tai art deco kryptis, liaudies meno įtaka, konstruktyvaus dizaino apraiškos, dažniausiai atsiskleidusios keramikos indų formose bei dekore, taip pat ekspresyvi arba, atvirkščiai, minimali plastika, vyravusi monumentaliuose keramiko darbuose. Reikšminga ir tai, kad tarpukario pabaigoje, steigdamas keramikos dirbtuves, o vėliau ilgą laiką kurdamas Kauno „Dailės“ kombinate, Miknevičius turėjo nemažos įtakos Lietuvos keramikos gamybos vystymuisi. Todėl straipsnyje išsamiai nagrinėjami ir su gamybiniais pasiekimais susieti jo kūrybinės veiklos aspektai, akcentuojamas dailininko indėlis pramoninės keramikos srityje. Taip pat išryškinami unikalūs technologiniai eksperimentai, vykdyti „Dailės“ kombinate, įgyvendinant buitinių ir dekoratyvinių dirbinių pavyzdžius ir monumentalios keramikos užsakymus.

Ihor Sribnyak

У статті здійснено спробу візуального представлення основних проявів життя та повсякдення громади полонених старшин-українців у таборі Кассіно, Італія у 1919 – першій половині 1920 рр. Остання посідає особливо місце в історії українського полону в Італії, що було обумовлено як рівнем національної свідомості її членів, так і тими вагомими здобутками у царині культурно-просвітнього життя, які стали можливими завдяки їх морально-громадянській позиції. В умовах таборової ізоляції та майже повній відірваності від національного життя, полонені старшини-українці спромоглись організувати роботу шкіл та освітніх курсів, заснували хор, оркестр і аматорський театр, відзначали національні свята. Більша частина з них була готова надати дієву допомогу УНР у боротьбі з більшовицькою Росією, приєднавшись до складу національної армії. Яскравим виявом національного «я» полонених старшин-українців весь час залишались таборова преса, яка об’єднувала таборян та додавала сил для подолання життєвих негараздів у таборовому повсякденні. Попри всі труднощі її виготовлення – вручну в кількості одного (кількох) примірників кожного випуску таборових видань (журналів «Полонений» і сатирично-гумористичного додатку до нього «Лазароні») – останні ефективно задовольняли попит полонених на інформацію, а крім того виконували надзвичайно важливі в умовах полону організаційно-мобілізаційну та виховну функції. Вже з огляду тільки на саме лише існування таборової «Української громади» мала велике значення не тільки для її членів, але й для усього українського загалу в Кассіно. Її діяльність стала прикладом відданого служіння національній справі, яскравим зразком послідовного обстоювання державно-політичних принципів українського самостійництва.