Hasil untuk "Forestry"

Hang Chen, Chenxi Zhuang, Miaomiao Liu et al.

IntroductionEnhancing the total factor productivity (TFP) of forestry ecosystems is central to shifting the forestry industry toward high-quality development. This study investigates the impact of digital government initiatives on forestry ecosystem TFP to understand how digital governance can drive ecological and economic efficiency.MethodsUtilizing panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2015 and 2022, this study employs a Dual Machine Learning (DML) model to mitigate endogeneity and estimation bias. This rigorous methodological framework allows for a precise quantitative assessment of the effects and transmission mechanisms of digital government development on forestry ecosystem TFP.ResultsThe empirical results demonstrate three key findings: (1) The expansion of digital government significantly boosts the TFP of forestry ecosystems. (2) Mechanism analysis identifies three primary channels for this improvement: the cultivation of new quality productive forces, the upgrading of forestry industrial structures, and the simplification of operational processes. Furthermore, the broader digital economy acts as a significant positive moderator in this relationship. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the magnitude of these effects varies across regions, contingent upon local economic development levels and forest resource endowments.DiscussionBased on these findings, the paper proposes policy recommendations to foster institutional innovation, accelerate digital government construction, and implement region-specific strategies. Globally, this study provides empirical evidence for the synergy between digital governance and ecological sustainability. It offers a replicable model for other nations seeking to leverage digital tools to balance economic growth with environmental conservation, thereby contributing to the advancement of global ecological civilization and sustainable development goals.

Annamari Laurén

Xingmei Xu, Ruihang Zhang, Shunfu Xiao et al.

Forest ecosystems play a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of the global carbon cycle and conserving biodiversity. High-density point clouds derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) structure from motion (SfM) and multi-view stereo (MVS) technologies offer a cost-effective solution for data acquisition. These technologies have become efficient tools for facilitating precision forest resource management and extracting individual tree structural parameters. However, in complex forest scenarios during the leaf-off season, canopies exhibit unstructured branch network morphologies due to the absence of leaf occlusion, and adjacent crowns are heavily interlaced. Consequently, existing segmentation methods struggle to overcome challenges associated with fuzzy boundaries and instance adhesion. To address these challenges, this study proposes TreeSeg-Net, an end-to-end instance segmentation network designed to precisely separate individual trees directly from raw point clouds. The network incorporates a global context attention module (GCAM) to capture long-range feature dependencies, thereby compensating for the limitations of sparse convolution in perceiving global information. Simultaneously, a spatial proximity weighting module (SPWM) is designed. By introducing geometric center constraints and a distance penalty mechanism, this module effectively mitigates under-segmentation issues caused by the feature similarity of adjacent branches in high-canopy-density environments. Experimental results demonstrate that TreeSeg-Net achieves an average precision (AP) of 97.2% in instance segmentation tasks and a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 99.7% in semantic segmentation tasks. Compared to mainstream networks, the proposed method exhibits superior segmentation accuracy, providing an efficient and automated technical solution for precise resource inventory in complex forest environments.

Wenjie Shen, Wanting Yang, Shuwei Qin et al.

IntroductionSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a prized medicinal species whose therapeutic value hinges on the abundance of bioactive metabolites. Accumulation of these metabolites are influenced by a range of environmental and edaphic factors, including soil physicochemical parameters, extracellular enzyme activities, composition and function of rhizosphere microbiome. However, how these factors individually and synergistically orchestrate the biosynthesis, transport, and ultimate storage of pharmaceutically active compounds within Safflower tissues remains unknown.MethodsHere, high-throughput amplicon sequencing coupled with comprehensive physiological profiling was employed to investigate soil characteristics, enzyme activities, and rhizosphere microbial communities of safflower across 36 soil samples collected at two distinct altitudes and two growth stages.ResultsThe effective component content was detected in 18 samples, and our results revealed that the safflower stigmas from the high- altitude site (YM) contained significantly elevated levels of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) compared to those from the lowland site (YF). Soils at the YM site exhibited markedly higher fertility, with available phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic matter identified as key drivers of HSYA accumulation. Both sites showed high diversity and abundance in rhizosphere microbial communities, with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria dominating the bacterial communities, and Ascomycota being the predominant fungal phylum.DiscussionTaken together, our findings show that soil properties, microbial communities, and climatic conditions work interactively to influence the buildup of bioactive compounds in safflower. These insights suggest that precise management of soil nutrients and the rhizosphere microbiome can improve medicinal safflower quality.

He-Bo Peng, Zhenchang Zhu, Chi-Yeung Choi et al.

Abstract Finding ways to sustainably balance human needs with biodiversity conservation is increasingly challenging, especially on densely populated coasts. In China, rising demands for seafood and land intensify pressures on coastal habitats—the most critical refueling sites for migratory shorebirds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Here we report on a continent-wide scale, decade-long field investigation on how China’s extensive intertidal mariculture impacts these vulnerable shorebirds. We show that commercial molluscs have become an essential resource for the molluscivorous shorebirds, determining their large-scale spatial distribution and temporal population dynamics during northward migration. We also reveal the unintended declines in both molluscs and shorebirds following a conservation-motivated mariculture ban, highlighting the “tragedy of the commons” as a consequence of unregulated public use. This study unveils the pivotal yet unforeseen role of China’s intertidal mariculture in sustaining shorebirds along the world’s most threatened flyway. If this delicate balance is disrupted without viable alternative food resources for the shorebirds, a considerable part of the flyway populations will be at risk. Evidence-based policymaking and management are required to harmonize seafood production with biodiversity conservation.

Abdelmonem Elshahat, Essam Elatafi, Li Mei et al.

Shade nets are frequently used to protect fruit-bearing trees from unfavorable weather conditions. However, the impact of colored shade nets on plant growth and fruit quality of horticultural crops remains poorly understood. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of colored shade nets on photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm), vegetative growth, and fruit quality of tangerine cultivar known as Murcott (Citrus reticulata, 'Murcott'). The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block with six replications and five different shade net treatments: red 60 %, red 40 %, green 60 %, green 40 %, and an open field as the control. The nets were placed on steel rectangular structures, which had a height of 4.5 m, for a period of three months during the summer season. The results indicated that all shade net treatments led to an increase in relative humidity and a decrease in temperature, as compared to the control group. The green 60 % had the highest Fv/Fm value, even though it had low rates of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and light intensity (LUX). On the other hand, the open field had the lowest rate, despite having a high rate of PAR and LUX. Trees under green 60 % had the highest leaf chlorophyll content, while those under red 40 % had the lowest. The open field and green 60 % had the highest shoot growth rate, whereas the lowest rates were observed in trees under red 60 % and green 40 %. There was no significant impact of any of the shade net treatments on leaf area and total yield compared to the control. Compared to the open field, all shade net treatments resulted in a decrease in sunburn incidence. The highest levels of total soluble solids (TSS) were observed under green shade nets and the control group, whereas the lowest levels were detected under the red nets. Furthermore, it was observed that the green 60 % resulted in a significant increase in several parameters including titratable acidity (TA), antioxidant capacity, total phenols, total carotenoids, and color index (Lab∗). Given these positive attributes, the green 60 % option is considered to be a viable choice for covering citrus trees.

Weronika Giedrojć, Wioletta E. Pluskota, Urszula Wachowska

The main aim of this study was to discuss and compare the threats associated with <i>F. graminearum</i> in wheat production in Poland and in other Central European countries. Wheat is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world, and pathogens causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) pose the greatest threat to wheat production. Our knowledge of FHB has to be regularly expanded in order to explore the impacts of climate change, new wheat cultivars, and new fungicides on the prevalence of this disease. The pathogen’s resistance to fungicides was analyzed in a global context due to the relative scarcity of studies examining this problem in Central Europe (excluding Germany). This is an interesting research perspective because, despite a relatively large number of Polish studies on FHB, <i>F. graminearum</i> genotypes and the pathogen’s resistance to fungicides remain insufficiently investigated. The hemibiotrophic pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> causes particularly high losses in wheat cultivation due to its ability to produce mycotoxins that are dangerous to human health (mainly deoxynivalenol, DON), colonize plant residues in soil in the saprotrophic phase, and produce spores that infect the stem base and spikes throughout the growing season. The infection process is highly dynamic, and it is facilitated by DON. The synthesis of DON (trichothecene) is encoded by <i>Tri</i> genes located in four loci. In Poland, the <i>F. graminearum</i> population is mainly composed of the 15ADON genotype, and the spread of FHB cannot effectively be managed with fungicides during epidemic years. Dynamic gene flows in field populations enable the pathogen to rapidly adapt to environmental changes and overcome wheat resistance to FHB. The emergence of fungicide-resistant <i>F. graminearum</i> strains significantly compromises the quality of wheat crops, but the associated mechanisms have not been sufficiently investigated to date. In addition, although some biopreparations are promising and effective in small-scale field trials, very few have been commercialized. Extensive research into pathogen populations, the development of new resistant wheat varieties, and the use of effective fungicides and biopreparations are required to produce wheat grain that is free of mycotoxins.

Sumei Ling, Aidi Xu, Menghan Sun et al.

Bisphenol A has been reported to be a ubiquitous contaminant, and exposure to this compound can lead to adverse effects in human health. In the study, monoclonal antibody against BPA (anti-BPA mAb) with high affinity (3.74 × 109 L/mol) secreted by cell line 2E3 was successfully screened. Inspired by the signal amplification of nanoparticles, anti-BPA mAbs were labeled with nano-materials including colloidal gold (AuNP) and gold nanoflowers (AuNF) for preparation of immunoprobes and AuNP-/AuNF-based test strips. The developed AuNP- and AuNF-based test strips achieved the rapid and sensitive detection of BPA within 10 min, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 25 μg/mL and 3.125 μg/mL, respectively. The detection result in BPA spiked samples measured by the proposed methods was consistent with that detected by LC-MS method. The preparation process of as-prepared test strip is time-saving and considered as ideal candidates method for rapid screening BPA in real samples.

Elif Ayşe Yıldırım, Rüya Yılmaz Dağdeviren, Vedat Beşkardeş et al.

During pollination, pollen grains can be transported to distant distances by various factors such as wind, insects, birds, and reptiles. While there have been numerous studies on pollen transportation by birds in Europe, there is a lack of research concerning the pollen grains transported by bird species in Turkey. In this context, we explored the role of Sylviidae species in pollination and identified the plant species whose pollen is transported by these birds. The temporary ringing station located at İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Avcılar Campus was selected as the study area and a total of 35 feather samples were collected from individuals of Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus), S. borin (Boddaert), Curruca communis (Latham), C. cantillans (Pallas), C. curruca (Linnaeus) and C. melanocephala (Gmelin) captured at station. Based on the analysis of pollen found on the feather samples, it was determined that the pollen found in 18 feather samples of Curruca curruca and Sylvia atricapilla provided pollen belonging to Pinus (Pine), Aesculus (Horse chestnut), Prunus (Plum), Spiraea (Spiraea), Quercus (Oak), Fraxinus (Ash) and Melia (Bead tree). The most commonly determined pollen on C. curruca were of Prunus (63.5%), while the least common were of Aesculus (0.9%). The most commonly determined pollen on S. atricapilla were of Melia (48.1%), while the least common were of Crocus (0.2%). The presence of pollen among the food sources of Sylviidae species during spring, the synchronization between the arrival time of birds in the study area during migration and the pollination period of the determined plant taxa, and the prevalence of these taxa in the study area suggest that S. atricapilla and C. curruca may be contributing to pollination.

Huimin Ren, Yue Zhong, Liangyu Guo et al.

Low temperature is a limiting factor affecting plant growth and development. Casuarina equisetifolia, a typical tropical and subtropical tree important for the ecological restoration of coastal beaches, is sensitive to cold stress. By comparing cold tolerance between C. equisetifolia and Arabidopsis, we investigated the molecular basis underlying the cold sensitivity of C. equisetifolia. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the number of cold-induced genes in C. equisetifolia was significantly less than that in Arabidopsis, and notably, the response of cold-induced genes was also delayed in C. equisetifolia. Among the cold-induced genes, C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), the major transcription factors in cold acclimation in Arabidopsis, showed a delayed cold-induced expression in C. equisetifolia, despite that C. equisetifolia CBFs could restore the low temperature-sensitive phenotype of Arabidopsis cbfs triple mutants. Interestingly, some key cold-responsive genes (e.g., COR15A and COR15B) targeted by Arabidopsis CBF were absent in the C. equisetifolia genome and many cold-responsive genes in C. equisetifolia lacked the DRE element (i.e., CBF binding cis-element). Moreover, like in C. equisetifolia, many COR genes in other tropical/subtropical plants lacked the DRE element or were directly missing. These two factors could be the underlying reasons for the low-temperature sensitivity of C. equisetifolia and other tropical/subtropical plants.

Nicolai Olenici

Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) este un potențial dăunător pentru silvicultura, pomicultura și viticultura din România. Ca urmare, este necesară identificarea de soluții tehnice pentru evitarea unor eventuale atacuri. Obiectivul cercetărilor prezentate în lucrare a fost de a testa în condiții de teren eficacitatea a două insecticide care - în condiții de laborator - au dat rezulate promițătoare în prevenirea atacului. Cele două insecticide au fost Mospilan 20 SG (20% acetamiprid) și Laser 240 SC (240 g/l spinosad). În cadrul unui experiment organizat într-un bloc complet randomizat cu cinci variante și 24 repetiții, s-au testat insecticidele menționate în concentrație de 1% cu și fără adăugarea de adjuvant (Silwet Top, concentrație 0,3%). Emulsiile preparate cu produsele fitosanitare s-au aplicat pe suprafața unor segmente subțiri de tulpini de gorun (ST) prin scufundarea acestora în emulsii timp de două minute. Anterior trătării cu insecticide, ST fuseseră ținute timp de 24 ore într-o soluție apoasă de etanol 48%. Experimentul s-a desfășurat în perioada 31.05-24.08.2022, timp în care ST au fost verificate periodic pentru marcarea și înregistrarea intrărilor de insecte. La finalul perioadei, ST au fost transferate la laborator, unde au fost stocate în congelator până la analizarea amănunțită, prin secționare și despicare pentru a observa care era situația galeriilor și a insectelor din acestea. Pentru evaluarea eficacității tratamentelor s-au luat în considerare: numărul de galerii de X. germanus per segment (GST), numărul de femele de X. germanus cu descendenți per segment (FDST) și numărul de descendenți per segment (DST), iar pentru a vedea dacă tratamentele au avut eventuale efecte subletale s-a analizat numărul de descendenți per femelă și impactul tratamentelor asupra dezvoltării insectelor din ST.     Intensitatea atacului a crescut de-a lungul perioadei de experimentare, mai rapid în primele 16 zile și apoi tot mai lent, ajungând la final la 58,0 galerii/ST (mediana) la ST martor și la 32,0 galerii/ST la ST tratate doar cu acetamiprid, respectiv la 48,5 galerii/ST în cazul tratamentului cu sponosad. Tratamentele care s-au făcut cu amestec de insecticid și adjuvant au avut performațe mai slabe. Ca urmare, eficacitatea tratamentelor a fost cuprinsă între 50,7% (acetamiprid) și 9,3% (spinosad + adjuvant) după primele16 zile, respectiv între 41,5% și 9,4% la aceleași două variante. În ce privește FDST, valorile mediate au variat între 8,0 (la martor) și 3,0 (la acetamiprid și acetamiprid + adjuvant), dar diferențele dintre variante nu au fost asigurate statistic. Totuși, valoare cea mai mică (50,7%) a proporției femelelor cu descendenți din totalul femelelor găsite în galerii la finalul experimentul a fost la tratamentul cu acetamiprid + adjuvant și valoarea respectivă s-a deosebit statistic de cele de la celelalte variante. Valorile mediane ale DST au fost cuprinse între 23,0 (la martor) și 9,0 (la acetamiprid + adjuvant), sugerând o reducere consistentă cauzată de tratamente, însă diferențe dintre variante nu au fost asigurate statistic din cauza variabilității foarte mari a valorilor. În cazul numărului de descendeți per femelă mediana a avut aceeași valoare (3,0) la toate variantele, deși distribuțiile au fost diferite ca formă, iar dezvoltarea insectelor pare să fi fost frânată de acțiunea substanțelor cu care au venit în contact femelele. În condiții de teren, acetamipridul a avut o eficacitate doar cu puțin mai scăzută decât în condiții de laborator, dar spinosadul a avut o eficacitate mult mai redusă, chiar și numai după primele 16 zile. Adjuvantul Silwet Top nu a avut efectul scontat, ci mai degrabă unul contrar, de diminuare a eficacității tratamentelor.

Zhicai Wang, Meili Zhao, Xiaojie Zhang et al.

Abstract Background Dendrobium catenatum/D. officinale (here after D. catenatum), a well-known economically important traditional medicinal herb, produces a variety of bioactive metabolites including polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids with excellent pharmacological and clinical values. Although many genes associated with the biosynthesis of medicinal components have been cloned and characterized, the biosynthetic pathway, especially the downstream and regulatory pathway of major medicinal components in the herb, is far from clear. β-glucosidases (BGLUs) comprise a diverse group of enzymes that widely exist in plants and play essential functions in cell wall modification, defense response, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolism, herbivore resistance, and scent release by hydrolyzing β-D-glycosidic bond from a carbohydrate moiety. The recent release of the chromosome-level reference genome of D. catenatum enables the characterization of gene families. Although the genome-wide analysis of the BGLU gene family has been successfully conducted in various plants, no systematic analysis is available for the D. catenatum. We previously isolated DcBGLU2 in the BGLU family as a key regulator for polysaccharide biosynthesis in D. catenatum. Yet, the exact number of DcBGLUs in the D. catenatum genome and their possible roles in bioactive compound production deserve more attention. Results To investigate the role of BGLUs in active metabolites production, 22 BGLUs (DcBGLU1-22) of the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) were identified from D. catenatum genome. Protein prediction showed that most of the DcBGLUs were acidic and phylogenetic analysis classified the family into four distinct clusters. The sequence alignments revealed several conserved motifs among the DcBGLU proteins and analyses of the putative signal peptides and N-glycosylation site revealed that the majority of DcBGLU members dually targeted to the vacuole and/or chloroplast. Organ-specific expression profiles and specific responses to MeJA and MF23 were also determined. Furthermore, four DcBGLUs were selected to test their involvement in metabolism regulation. Overexpression of DcBGLU2, 6, 8, and 13 significantly increased contents of flavonoid, reducing-polysaccharide, alkaloid and soluble-polysaccharide, respectively. Conclusion The genome-wide systematic analysis identified candidate DcBGLU genes with possible roles in medicinal metabolites production and laid a theoretical foundation for further functional characterization and molecular breeding of D. catenatum.

Tawanda W. Gara, Parinaz Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran, Roshanak Darvishzadeh

Quantitative remote sensing of leaf traits offers an opportunity to track biodiversity changes from space. Augmenting field measurement of leaf traits with remote sensing provides a pathway for monitoring essential biodiversity variables (EBVs) over space and time. Detailed information on key leaf traits such as leaf mass per area (LMA) is critical for understanding ecosystem structure and functioning, and subsequently the provision of ecosystem services. Although studies on remote sensing of LMA and related constituents have been conducted for over three decades, a comprehensive review of remote sensing of LMA—a key driver of leaf and canopy reflectance—has been lacking. This paper reviews the current state and potential approaches, in addition to the challenges associated with LMA estimation/retrieval in forest ecosystems. The physiology and environmental factors that influence the spatial and temporal variation of LMA are presented. The scope of scaling LMA using remote sensing systems at various scales, i.e., near ground (in situ), airborne, and spaceborne platforms is reviewed and discussed. The review explores the advantages and disadvantages of LMA modelling techniques from these platforms. Finally, the research gaps and perspectives for future research are presented. Our review reveals that although progress has been made, scaling LMA to regional and global scales remains a challenge. In addition to seasonal tracking, three-dimensional modeling of LMA is still in its infancy. Over the past decade, the remote sensing scientific community has made efforts to separate LMA constituents in physical modelling at the leaf level. However, upscaling these leaf models to canopy level in forest ecosystems remains untested. We identified future opportunities involving the synergy of multiple sensors, and investigated the utility of hybrid models, particularly at the canopy and landscape levels.

S. P. Arefyev, M. N. Kazantseva

Six compartments of burnt areas from different years were studied in larch, pine-larch and larch-pine dwarf shrub-moss-lichen sparse forests and light forests of the Nadym district of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The new dendroсhronological method of dating of forest fires based on indicators of a variation of parameters of width of year rings is used. It showed that all biocoenoses during the life of trees were repeatedly exposed to fires, which frequency on different areas makes from 1 to 3 in a century. The beginning of the growth of new generations of trees usually comes in the years following the passing of fires and coincides with the phase of enhanced post-fire growth of the surviving instances of older generations. On all of the examined burnt areas, there is a natural regeneration of tree plants: on fresh burns (prescription of the fire 2 years) it is represented only by a vegetatively renewing birch and its self-sowing; on old ones (prescription of the fires 12, 17 and 22 years old) – the undergrowth of conifers prevails. The total number of reliable undergrowth of tree plants of all species varies in different areas from 0.7 to 10.0 thousand pcs / ha. The total number of undergrowth with an increase in the age of burnt area decreases, and older generations begin to dominate in composition. This is due to the restoration of living ground cover, which prevents the germination of tree seeds. The composition of the undergrowth and the ratio of species in it is determined by the presence of seed trees. In sparse forests, where Scotch pine is present in the composition of the remaining stand, it regenerates better than the Siberian larch, which leads to a gradual change of larch stands to pine. If there are mature the Siberian stone pine trees on the site or near it, there is an active natural regeneration of this species in the burned area.

Fábio Pastório, Hanna Bloemer, André de Gasper

ABSTRACT Understanding the regeneration process in an old growth forest is essential for restoration projects. The present research sought to characterize the floristic and structural composition of shrub-tree species in São Francisco de Assis Municipal Park in Blumenau-SC. We sampled 50 permanent plots divided into three height classes. We estimated the total natural regeneration index for each species, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou equability, and classified the species according to life-form and ecological group. A total of 1048 individuals were found, distributed in 112 species, 69 genera and 37 families. The species with the highest values of total natural regeneration index were Rudgea recurva, R. jasminoides, Ouratea parviflora, Psychotria nuda and Virola bicuhyba. The Shannon and Pielou indices demonstrated high diversity and equability for the natural regeneration area sampled. The results indicate species possibly capable of reaching the tree strata, and also indicate high forest conservation.

Petar Antov, Viktor Savov, Nikolay Neykov

One of the maindisadvantages of medium density fibreboards (MDF) incomparison with particleboards is the higher price of the panels, due to the energy-intensivedefibration process. Studies on the possibilitiesfor replacing some part of the wood fibre mass in the composition of MDF withconiferous sawmill residues (shavings) obtained from bandsaw, are presented inthis article.The experimental plan is designed using the McLean andAnderson method for studying the properties of multi component systems in thepresence of constraints on the components. Thecontent of coniferous wood shavings varies up to 40%. The panels aremanufactured with a density of 720 kg.m-3. The content of urea-formaldehyderesin varies from 8 to 14% in order to compensate the negative impact of the inclusion ofconiferous wood shavings in the composition of the manufactured MDF panels. The main exploitation properties of the panels are determined. Experimental and statistical models on the influence of the studiedfactors are obtained by applying stepwise regression and optimization isperformed to obtain the best exploitation properties of MDF panels. As aresult of the study it was determined that in order to achieve the values ofMDF properties, required by the respective standards, the maximum permissiblecontent of coniferous wood shavings should be up to 10.6%, in which case thecontent of urea-formaldehyde resin should be above 10%. If the content ofurea-formaldehyde resin is below 10%, themaximum permissible content of coniferous wood shavings should be up to 5%.

Lauren F. Miller, Solange Nadeau

Here, we analyze the current spaces for public participation in Crown (public) land management through a comparative study that focuses on the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. We define spaces for public participation as opportunities for meaningful public involvement in the decision-making arena of forest management. We examine the experiences of public participation in these provinces in an exploratory study comparing perceptions of participatory processes and outcomes of the processes in these two provinces based on 15 years (1999-2014) of informant experience. The objective is to understand more fully the barriers and bridges to meaningful public participation and relate these perceptions to on-the-ground implementation. A primary goal is to understand how, over time, processes with unsatisfying outcomes shape the perceptions of the participants. Rather than focusing on one particular participatory process, this comparative study assesses participation over time to identify the limitations in the participatory environments of these two provinces. We take a qualitative research approach using semistructured interviews with 42 forestry stakeholders, combined with participant observation and document analysis. This research reveals: (1) the importance of historical and cultural context as ongoing power imbalances shape the current dialogue and spaces for participation; (2) periods of robust and sound attempts at public participation in both provinces, with disappointments in implementation giving rise to a sense of futility, a closed system, and mistrust of government and industry over time; (3) a system of privileged access in opposition to the ideals of deliberative democracy and an equitable decision-making process; (4) in New Brunswick, public land policy implementation that is not reflective of participatory processes or of interests outside government and industry; (5) in Nova Scotia, recent efforts to incorporate values outside the government-industry policy realm, demonstrating an attempt to shift toward a more collaborative system for public land management.

Agustinus Murdjoko, Djoko Marsono, Ronggo Sadono et al.

Part of forests in Papua is still as logging concession.  Pometia is one of target species, but there is still a lack of information regarding the ecological condition of this species.  Thus, the objectives of this research were to describe what tree species (small and large individuals) associated with Pometia, how logging and soil properties influence the association and to analyze the structure of Pometia in term of diameter distribution.  Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to describe the association and its relationship with environmental factors (soil and litterfall).  The results showed that association of small and large individuals of trees with both Pometia showed a different pattern in which the small individuals had a positive association and had certain tree species as a community. This association resulted from logging activity leading to the change in ecological conditions.  Conversely, the association between large tree species with Pometia acuminata Radlk. and Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G.Forst. showed negative pattern and tree species correlated with both Pometia were different.  Of environmental factors, only C content of litterfall had a positive correlation with large Pometia acuminata  and its community.  Furthermore, the small individuals of Pometia were dynamic as a response to logging in which a number of the small individuals of Pometia tended to increase after logging.

J. Moen, E. Carina, H. Keskitalo

This paper uses northern Sweden as a case study of a multi-use social-ecological system, in which forestry and reindeer husbandry interact as different land use forms in the same area. We aim to describe the timeline of main events that have influenced resource use in northern Sweden, that is, to attempt a historical profiling of the system, and to discuss these trends in the system in terms of adaptive cycles and resilience. The study shows that key political decisions have created strong path dependencies and a situation in which forestry today is characterized by low flexibility and low resilience due to the highly optimized harvesting of tree resources. Since forestry is the overwhelmingly strongest actor, trends in forestry from the mid-19th century forward are, to a large part, driving dynamics in reindeer husbandry and environmental protection, resulting in a system of interlocking panarchies with large implications for the competing land uses.

Ahyar Gunawan, I Nengah Surati Jaya, Muhammad Buce Saleh

This study describes the use of multitemporal principal component analysis (MPCA) and vegetation index<br />differencing (VIDN) techniques in identifying open area on post-coal-mining sites using multi spatial and multidate<br />of Landsat TM and SPOT 4 XS imageries. The study revealed that the synthetic images derived from stable<br />brightness, stable greenness,s and delta brightness of MPCA summarize information on post-coal-mining opened<br />areas provided overall accuracy of 76.47% for the new ex mining area and 32.69% for old ex mining area. The<br />VIDN method provided relatively lower accuracy than those from MPCA i.e. 58.87% for new ex mining and<br />13.25% for old ex-mining areas. The study also concluded that identifying open area on post-coal-mining sites<br />using imageries was more efficient than using only ground survey, providing cost efficiency of 29%. This<br />indicates that the cost required using satellite image is only 29% of the cost required for ground survey. The<br />study concluded that MPCA is better than VIDN for identifying open area on post-coal-mining sites.