Hasil untuk "English literature"

Elsayed Ibrahim, Alexander Perez, Shaymaa Hegazy et al.

Adenomatoid tumor is a rare benign neoplasm that arises from mesothelial cells. It is commonly found in the genital tract, and the adrenal gland is an is an extremely rare location for adenomatoid tumor. Herein we report a rare case of adrenal adenomatoid tumor in an 83-year-old man with a history of lung non-small cell carcinoma. CT scan of the abdomen revealed a 2.2 x 1.5 cm nodular lesion in the left adrenal gland. Subsequent biopsy of the adrenal lesion revealed extensive tubular-like and vascular like spaces, which were lined with flat or cuboidal cells. The tumor cells showed minimal cytologic atypia with low proliferative activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratin, calretinin, WT-1, D2-40, and CK7; and negative for TTF-1, SOX10, HMB45, SF1, ERG, and CD31. The overall features are consistent with adenomatoid tumor. We also reviewed adrenal adenomatoid tumors that have been reported in the English literature and identified the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics that can be used to distinguish adenomatoid tumor from its mimickers in the adrenal gland.

Chandrani Bose, Natalia Gontarczyk Uczkowski, Krishna Sukla et al.

Abstract Purpose Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women worldwide, is linked to microbiome imbalances. This suggests the potential for microbiome-based breast cancer management. However, a comprehensive and reproducible understanding of the microbiome’s role in breast cancer is lacking. We conducted a systematic literature review to explore microbiome signatures and specific genera associated with breast cancer development, subtypes, and outcomes. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science using the terms “microbiome” and “breast cancer”, limiting to publications of human studies in English language between January 2011 and January 2025, and adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We extracted the study characteristics and results and summarized our findings. Results From 2536 articles, we identified 48 eligible studies – 22 case-control, 13 cohorts without any intervention, and 13 cohorts with an intervention. These studies included 3735 women with and 2023 without a diagnosis of breast cancer. Most studies used fecal (29) or breast tissue (14) samples. The genera Clostridium, Lcatobacillus, Prevotella were most commonly associated with breast cancer. However, no genus was consistently linked to the same outcome across studies, rendering meta-analysis unfeasible. Overall, we observed heterogenous methods for data generation and computational analysis leading to challenges in comparative analysis. Conclusions While several genera are linked to breast cancer, the findings lack consistency across studies. Future studies should employ standardized outcomes, data collection, and processing methods to establish reproducible microbial markers to develop effective microbiome-based breast cancer management strategies.

Guillaume Fernandez, Mattia Vacchiano, Javier Fernandez-Garcia

Introduction Research on telework has grown dramatically in recent years, leading to a fragmented set of findings on its effect on workers’ well-being. One of the most studied social mechanisms concerns how telework alters the transmission of social support between family members and coworkers, which turns out to be a mediating factor between teleworking and well-being. This research contributes to the understanding of this issue by analysing the existing evidence on the effect of telework on social support and well-being before, during and after the pandemic.Methods and analysis Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we will systematically synthesise evidence about the mediating effect of social support in the relation between telework and well-being. Three databases will be used to search the literature addressing this issue: Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science), Sociological Abstracts (PROQUEST) and SocINDEX with full text (EBSCOhost). Quantitative and qualitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals, in English and French, from January 2000 to June 2024 will be included in this systematic review. Double screening procedure with data quality assessments will be carried out by three researchers independently for up to 20% of the studies. Conflicts will be resolved for the completion of the remaining 80% of the studies by two researchers. The literature review aims to systematise the links between telework, social support and well-being by identifying the different dimensions and mechanisms that link these three aspects. The information will be synthesised using Qualitative Content Analysis. Additional analysis will be performed using the term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF).Ethics and dissemination This is a protocol for a systematic review. Aggregate published data is used; therefore, no ethical approval is required. The results of the review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.PROSPERO registration number CRD42024554590.

Matthew Sperrin, Darren Ashcroft, Rupert A Payne et al.

Introduction Polypharmacy and multimorbidity pose escalating challenges. Despite numerous attempts, interventions have yet to show consistent improvements in health outcomes. A key factor may be varied approaches to targeting patients for intervention.Objectives To explore how patients are targeted for intervention by examining the literature with respect to: understanding how polypharmacy is defined; identifying problematic polypharmacy in practice; and addressing problematic polypharmacy through interventions.Design We performed a scoping review as defined by the Joanna Briggs Institute.Setting The focus was on primary care settings.Data sources Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Cochrane along with ClinicalTrials.gov, Science.gov and WorldCat.org were searched from January 2004 to February 2024.Eligibility criteria We included all articles that had a focus on problematic polypharmacy in multimorbidity and primary care, incorporating multiple types of evidence, such as reviews, quantitative trials, qualitative studies and policy documents. Articles focussing on a single index disease or not written in English were excluded.Extraction and analysis We performed a narrative synthesis, comparing themes and findings across the collective evidence to draw contextualised insights and conclusions.Results In total, 157 articles were included. Case-finding methods often rely on basic medication counts (often five or more) without considering medical history or whether individual medications are clinically appropriate. Other approaches highlight specific drug indicators and interactions as potentially inappropriate prescribing, failing to capture a proportion of patients not fitting criteria. Different potentially inappropriate prescribing criteria also show significant inconsistencies in determining the appropriateness of medications, often neglecting to consider multimorbidity and underprescribing. This may hinder the identification of the precise population requiring intervention.Conclusions Improved strategies are needed to target patients with polypharmacy, which should consider patient perspectives, individual factors and clinical appropriateness. The development of a cross-cutting measure of problematic polypharmacy that consistently incorporates adjustment for multimorbidity may be a valuable next step to address frequent confounding.

Emmanuel Aoudi Chance, Dia Florence, Innocent Sardi Abdoul

Objectives: This narrative review aimed to explore the impact of checklists and error reporting systems on hospital patient safety and medical errors. Methods: A systematic search of academic databases from 2013 to 2023 was conducted, and peer-reviewed studies meeting inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological rigor. The review highlights evidence supporting the efficacy of checklists in reducing medication errors, surgical complications, and other adverse events. Error reporting systems foster transparency, encouraging professionals to report incidents and identify systemic vulnerabilities. Results: Checklists and error reporting systems are interconnected. Interprofessional collaboration is emphasized in checklist implementation. In this review, limitations arise due to the different methodologies used in the articles and potential publication bias. In addition, language restrictions may exclude valuable non-English research. While positive impacts are evident, success depends on organizational culture and resources. Conclusions: This review contributes to patient safety knowledge by examining the relevant literature, emphasizing the importance of interventions, and calling for further research into their effectiveness across diverse healthcare and cultural settings. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for healthcare providers to optimize patient safety outcomes.

O.V. Hurzhii, T.P. Skrypnikova, O.O. Kulai et al.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is prevalent among the global population, affecting between 8% and 57%, with an average of 33.5%, thereby reducing the quality of life due to discomfort and pain. Despite DH being a widespread issue, there are no universally accepted guidelines for choosing reliable treatment methods. As the number of products designed to reduce dentin sensitivity increases, it becomes more challenging for dentists to make the informed choice. This literature review aims to explain the mechanisms of action and the sequence of use of contemporary dentin desensitization agents available on the market. Purpose. To provide the overview and discuss current principles and technical approaches to the treatment of DH in dental practice, with particular emphasis on hygiene products aimed at reducing nerve ending sensitivity and occluding dentin tubules. Materials and Methods. The literature search on DH treatment was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used in the search included “dentin hypersensitivity”, “dentin hypersensitivity treatment” and “dentin hypersensitivity prevention”. The articles included in this review were published between 2019 and 2024, with full-text availability in English. Some references published earlier were also cited based on their relevance to DH treatment. Conclusions. There are various potential causes of DH and available treatment options. Each patient should be provided with an individualized plan, beginning with non-invasive treatment options. Therefore, communication between the doctor and the patient regarding rational hygiene practices, behavior modification, and the effectiveness of individual hygiene products is crucial for the successful treatment of this condition. Prospects for further research. The clinical significance of this review lies in the necessity of uncovering the dental and medical history of the patient, as well as identifying active etiological factors of DH, if possible, at the beginning of treatment. The results obtained will contribute to the correct choice of individual hygiene products and the provision of quality dental care to patients.

Dessalegn Oljira Beyene, Jeylan Wolyie Hussein, Abera Admasu Endeshaw et al.

Globally, the choice of language learning strategies by EFL learners is a debated issue in secondary schools in EFL countries due to the individual personality characteristics of the learners. This study investigated the relationship between three predictor variables (motivational processes, learning style, cognitive ability) and learners' language learning strategy (LLS) choices to practice and acquire speaking English as a foreign language. Using a correlational research design, 310 students were randomly selected from four government schools purposefully chosen. Participants from each school were selected based on proportionate sample size formula. Data was collected through a close-ended questionnaire and analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The result revealed a statistically significant relationship between the motivational processes, learners’ cognitive strategies, and affective strategy choices. A statistically significant relationship was also observed between learners’ learning style, memory strategy, and compensatory strategy choice. However, the strongest association was observed between learners’ cognitive ability, on the one hand, and six types of strategy choices (memory, cognitive, compensatory, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies). Effective work on students' metacognitive and social strategy choices is important to support learners' practice of speaking EFL. Other strategies moderately assist the two strategies. Hence, the findings generated important implications for the effective teaching of EFL speaking skills in Ethiopia and similar contexts by accommodating a range of instructional strategies for the benefit of all learners. The core implications include addressing learners' personality characteristics and providing them with strategy training to cope with teachers’ instructional strategy uses in the classroom.

Edit Fazakas

When examining the topic of multilingualism, Nigeria emerges as a captivating subject due to its renowned linguistic diversity. Authors who have a bicultural background encompassing African and Europeanlanguage cultures consistently exhibited a type of hybridity in their use of the colonial language. Consequently, a unique European linguistic variation emerged as a result of this. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie demonstrates a strong inclination to transcend the extensive language debates prevalent in the history of African literature. What is more, she asserts her use of English and her interjections in Igbo as normative rather than confrontational. Adichie frequently incorporates Igbo vocabulary, phrases, and proverbial expressions into her predominantly English writing, demonstrating a profound understanding of the enduring influence of English colonialism. However, Adichie also embraces and skilfully uses English as a universal language, transcending its postcolonial connotations. Consequently, she possesses the ability to access and engage with a broader spectrum of global literary traditions and contemporary movements. The primary focus of this study has been the elucidation of the manifestation of multilingualism in the fiction of the Nigerian writer, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The motivational elements of code-switching, which Adichie uses to express various aspects of oppression and cultural hybridity, have received a great deal of attention.

Ulil Fitriyah, Utami Widiati, Yazid Basthomi et al.

Current developments in English Language Teaching (ELT) have heightened the urgent need for intercultural competence as another essential skill in contemporary language education. Today’s EFL teachers are required to possess intercultural competencies to effectively assist students in raising their intercultural awareness. This study aims to examine teachers’ international experiences regarding the development of their intercultural competence, utilizing the developmental model of intercultural sensitivity (DMIS) proposed by Bennett (1986, 2017) as the framework. Through the application of a multiple narrative approach, we analyzed the stories of two higher education teachers, collected via document study and three-cycle interviews. The results demonstrate the complexities of teachers’ intercultural competence development and highlight an important aspect: one’s intercultural progression, as they may flexibly alter based on the situation and condition faced at a given moment.

H. Mee, A. Castano Leon, F. Anwar et al.

Background: There is wide-ranging published literature around cranioplasty following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, but the heterogeneity of outcomes limits the ability for meta-analysis. Consensus on appropriate outcome measures has not been reached, and given the clinical and research interest, a core outcome set (COS) would be beneficial. Objectives: To collate outcomes currently reported across the cranioplasty literature which will subsequently be used in developing a cranioplasty COS. Methods: This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. All full-text English studies with more than ten patients (prospective) or more than 20 patients (retrospective) published after 1990 examining outcomes in CP were eligible for inclusion. Results: The review included 205 studies from which 202 verbatim outcomes were extracted, grouped into 52 domains, and categorised into one or more of the OMERACT 2.0 framework core area(s). The total numbers of studies that reported outcomes in the core areas are 192 (94%) pathophysiological manifestations/ 114 (56%) resource use/economic impact/ 94 (46%) life impact/mortality 20 (10%). In addition, there are 61 outcome measures used in the 205 studies across all domains. Conclusion: This study shows considerable heterogeneity in the types of outcomes used across the cranioplasty literature, demonstrating the importance and necessity of developing a COS to help standardise reporting across the literature.

Fitri Ifi Gama

Gairaigo, or loanwords borrowed from foreign languages, have become a ubiquitous feature of the Japanese language, with English being the most significant influence. The use of English loanwords in Japanese advertising has become increasingly common, with many commercials and other promotional materials incorporating gairaigo in their messaging. This study aims to explore the prevalence and significance of gairaigo derived from English in Japanese advertising, examining its benefits and drawbacks, and its global implications. This study utilized qualitative approach. The method used was descriptive method. Data collection technique through literature study. Data obtained online through various academic database, a total of 19 books and 26 scientific articles, and be analysed using descriptive analyse technique. This study found important benefits of gairaigo in Japanese advertising, that are: increase product appeal to younger generations, more effective communication with international audiences, and enhanced global image of Japanese brands. However, there are also drawbacks, that are: limited accessibility for non-English speakers, potential language erosion and loss of cultural identity, and negative impact on traditional Japanese businesses. Furthermore, the global implications of gairaigo in Japanese advertising are also significant, with the influence of Japanese advertising on global marketing trends and cultural exchange and cross-linguistic communication. Overall, while the use of gairaigo in Japanese advertising can bring numerous benefits, it is important to carefully consider its potential drawbacks and cultural implications for both domestic and global audiences. By understanding the impact of gairaigo on Japanese advertising, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between language, culture, and marketing in a global context. Further research is needed to continue exploring the impact and implications of gairaigo in Japanese advertising. Further research is needed to continue exploring the impact and implications of gairaigo in Japanese advertising.

Volker Pietsch

Der Artikel legt dar, mit welchen Praktiken in einer Kultur der Digitalität über fiktionale Erzählungen in Media Franchises kommuniziert wird. Er zeigt die hohe Relevanz der mit diesen Weltmarken interdependenten Kommunikationsformen für Sozialisation und Enkulturation auf. Nicht nur Interessen der Produktions- und Distributionsfirmen prägen die Auseinandersetzungen, in diesen wird vielmehr kulturelle Teilhabe von verschiedensten Akteur*innen eingefordert. Zentral ist dabei die Repräsentation von Diversität. Der Artikel arbeitet heraus, warum Trailer als Anlässe besonders geeignet sind, um besagte Aushandlungsprozesse kritisch zu reflektieren und sich ggf. an ihnen zu beteiligen. Er begründet, warum die Literatur- und Mediendidaktik einer entsprechenden Erweiterung ihrer Gegenstände bedarf, nicht nur um die Trailer der Franchise-Erzählungen, sondern auch um die Interaktionen, die durch diese Paratexte online initiiert werden. Er plädiert dafür, diese Ausprägungen und Herausforderungen literarischen Lernens in einer digitalen Kultur der Referentialität, Gemeinschaftlichkeit und Algorithmizität im Sinne Stalders (2016) nicht unberücksichtigt zu lassen, um Lernenden ein vertieftes Verständnis der inklusiven Funktionen von Literatur für Sozialisation und Enkulturation zu eröffnen.   Abstract (english): Conflicts over participation in digital interactions on trailers of global media franchises and their potential for literary understanding The article explains which practices are used to communicate in a culture of digitality concerning fictional narratives in media franchises. It shows that the forms of communication interdependent with these global brands have a high relevance for socialisation and enculturation. It is not only the interests of the production and distribution companies that shape the disputes, but rather cultural participation is demanded by the most diverse stakeholders. Central to this is the representation of diversity. The article elaborates why trailers are particularly suitable as occasions to critically reflect on these negotiation processes and, potentially, to participate in them. It justifies why the didactics of literature and media needs a corresponding expansion of its objects, not only to include the trailers of franchise narratives, but also the interactions that are initiated online by these paratexts. It argues that these characteristics and challenges of literary learning in a digital culture of referentiality, communality and algorithmicity in the sense of Stalder (2016) should be regarded in order to enable learners to develop a deeper understanding of the inclusive functions of literature for socialisation and enculturation.

Istanti Hermagustiana, Anjar Dwi Astuti, Didik Sucahyo

Background: Self-efficacy and foreign language learning anxiety are already known as two importantly affective variables in learning a foreign language. However, little is known about the relationships between the two affective variables with learners’ speaking performance. Therefore, this present study seeks to figure out: the EFL learners’ self-efficacy, foreign language learning anxiety (FLLA), speaking performance, and the correlation between their speaking performance and self-efficacy, speaking performance and FLLA, and self-efficacy and FLLA. Methodology: A correlational design was selected to answer the research questions. Seventy students of the sixth semester got involved in this study. Three research instruments were applied, namely: a self-efficacy questionnaire, a FLLA questionnaire, and one speaking test used to measure students’ speaking performance. Findings: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. Therefore, there was a significantly positive correlation between speaking performance and self-efficacy and a negative correlation between speaking performance and FLLA, and between self-efficacy and FLLA. It means that student with high-level speaking performance will have high-level of self-efficacy. Then, the higher students’ speaking performance is, the lower their FLLA becomes. It is in line with the correlation between students’ self-efficacy and FLLA, that student with high-level of self-efficacy would has low FLLA.

Caitlin M Wolfe, Esther L Hamblion, Emmanuel K Dzotsi et al.

<h4>Background</h4>The WHO African region frequently experiences outbreaks and epidemics of infectious diseases often exacerbated by weak health systems and infrastructure, late detection, and ineffective outbreak response. To address this, the WHO Regional Office for Africa developed and began implementing the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response strategy in 1998.<h4>Objectives</h4>This systematic review aims to document the identified successes and challenges surrounding the implementation of IDSR in the region available in published literature to highlight areas for prioritization, further research, and to inform further strengthening of IDSR implementation.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published in English and French from 1 July 2012 to 13 November 2019 was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science. Included articles focused on the WHO African region and discussed the use of IDSR strategies and implementation, assessment of IDSR strategies, or surveillance of diseases covered in the IDSR framework. Data were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and Tableau Desktop 2019.<h4>Results</h4>The number of peer-reviewed articles discussing IDSR remained low, with 47 included articles focused on 17 countries and regional level systems. Most commonly discussed topics were data reporting (n = 39) and challenges with IDSR implementation (n = 38). Barriers to effective implementation were identified across all IDSR core and support functions assessed in this review: priority disease detection; data reporting, management, and analysis; information dissemination; laboratory functionality; and staff training. Successful implementation was noted where existing surveillance systems and infrastructure were utilized and streamlined with efforts to increase access to healthcare.<h4>Conclusions and implications of findings</h4>These findings highlighted areas where IDSR is performing well and where implementation remains weak. While challenges related to IDSR implementation since the first edition of the technical guidelines were released are not novel, adequately addressing them requires sustained investments in stronger national public health capabilities, infrastructure, and surveillance processes.

Rizka Nurul Atika

Many studies have investigated isolated dimensions of learning styles (e.g. field independence/dependence) for their role in foreign language learning, but relatively few studies have used a comprehensive learning styles instrument to determine predictors of language learning strategies used by students. Hence, employing the descriptive and correlational method, this study aimed to identify students’ minor, major, and negligible learning styles, students’ usage of language learning strategies, the difference in the learning styles and language learning strategies based on gender, and the relationships among those three variables. A total of 30 students enrolling in the first year of senior high school were given two kinds of questionnaire, the Indonesian version of PLSQ and SILL. The result revealed gender differences only occurs in compensation strategy, in favor of female students. Furthermore, the correlational study revealed significant relationships between visual style and cognitive and metacognitive strategies; between auditory style and cognitive and compensation strategies. Moreover, social strategies are correlated with tactile, group, and individual styles. These findings are useful for both teacher and student to employ strategies suitable with their learning styles.

A. Mallory, F. Kern

Astiana Ajeng Rahadini, Rahmat Rahmat

Traditional culture underlying a wide range of behavior and deeds of a society and gave birth to a variety of oral literature as well as myth. The myth that developed and still surviving in public life of Java among other myths related to pregnant and nursing mothers. This research is under a descriptively qualitative method supported by field research method along with un-depth interviews in Dawuhan village of Banyumas which is the village where the ancestors of Banyumas was buried. Through field observation and research method of interview to the trusted resource in Dawuhan village was obtained by results of research regarding the myth of pregnant and nursing mothers. This research finds some kinds of myths in relation to recommending and prohibition to perform an action that may harm the fetus, while the myth of breastfeeding mothers mostly prohibition and advice about foods that are consumed by the mother breastfeeding can harm the health of the baby.

C. Megyesi, E. Samols, V. Marks

Carmen María Fernández Rodríguez

Este trabajo analiza la dimensión social de la novela familiar Traits of Nature (1812), escrita por Sarah Harriet Burney (1775-1844), hermanastra de la famosa Frances Burney y que también escribió Clarentine (1796), Geraldine Fauconberg (1808), Tales of Fancy (1816) ­­y The Romance of Private Life (1839). Con este propósito, contextualizaremos brevemente esta obra y seguiremos el enfoque de los estudios de género y Burney Studies. Se trata de explorar cómo se articulan las relaciones familiares y el efecto del violento ostracismo social en la heroína. A través de repeticiones y paralelismos, la novela retrata abusos patriarcales que tienen como respuesta la violencia y rebelión. En Traits of Nature, Sarah Harriet no solo reivindica su condición femenina, sino que también ofrece una visión desalentadora de las relaciones sociales, lo que debe tenerse en cuenta en los estudios dedicados a la familia Burney (Burney Studies) y la distingue de otras escritoras del período.

P. Carrell