Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Mónica Elena Da Silva Ramos, Lucía Martín

Resumen El artículo aborda las tensiones epistemológicas y metodológicas en la investigación sobre los procesos de movilidad humana que involucran a niñas y adolescentes dominicanas en Montevideo, Uruguay. Desde enfoques feministas, particularmente el giro afectivo y los feminismos decoloniales, se propone una perspectiva que reconoce a las niñas y adolescentes como sujetas epistémicas capaces de enunciar sus propias vivencias. Se emplea una metodología cualitativa basada en las producciones narrativas, donde se desarrollan entrevistas y la creación de fanzines como herramientas de co-construcción de sentidos. Estas producciones generan comprensiones situadas vinculadas a dimensiones como: las prácticas religiosas y la espiritualidad, lo familiar transnacional, el cuerpo y el lenguaje. Se enfatiza el carácter participativo del proceso y la potencia interpretativa que emerge en el encuentro, promoviendo formas de conocimiento que reconocen la capacidad de agencia de las participantes y aprendizajes en las investigadoras.

Renata Carla Zampronio, Silvia Helena Simões Borelli

Resumo Este artigo analisa as práticas colaborativas e as redes de apoio construídas por jovens mulheres migrantes venezuelanas empreendedoras na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Diante das múltiplas barreiras de inserção no mercado formal - como a não validação de diplomas, entraves linguísticos e a sobrecarga do trabalho de cuidado -, essas mulheres recorrem ao empreendedorismo como uma estratégia de sobrevivência. Contudo, suas experiências revelam que, embora inseridas em condições precárias e de instabilidade, essas jovens constroem redes de apoio que transcendem a lógica da subsistência, fundamentadas na cooperação, no compartilhamento de saberes e no cuidado coletivo. Tomando por base a realização de entrevistas em profundidade com cinco mulheres, este estudo evidencia como essas práticas articulam dimensões econômicas, comunitárias e políticas, revelando formas alternativas de organização do trabalho em contextos de desigualdade. A análise contribui para o debate sobre juventudes migrantes, empreendedorismo e gênero, destacando a importância das redes para a construção de futuros possíveis.

Elena Rousou, Paraskevi Apostolara, Venetia Sofia Velonaki et al.

Abstact: Parenting in the context of migration presents a unique set of challenges for refugee parents, who must navigate the cultural norms and expectations of both their home and resettlement countries while balancing their daily parenting responsibilities and practices. This study aims to provide a critical analysis of the experiences, needs, and challenges faced by migrant and refugee parents during their journey and settlement in Europe, as recounted through their personal narratives. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the researchers collected twenty-seven life narratives of migrant and/or refugee parents through purposive sampling. An analysis of the narratives identified four overarching themes that represent the primary challenges faced by refugee families and the need for support. These macro-themes include up rootedness, spatio-temporal uncertainty, trauma and abuses, and parental powerlessness. Parental powerlessness emerged as a synthesis of the causes of trauma from the previous three challenges and highlights the increased loss of parental identity and self-conflict that refugee parents experience. The study reveals that refugee parents face various challenges and barriers, such as language barriers, lack of information and awareness, and cultural differences. It is crucial for healthcare providers and policymakers to consider these findings and develop targeted interventions, such as utilizing interpreters, cultural mediators, and providing culturally sensitive and appropriate healthcare and educational services, as well as implementing specific policies to enhance the health and well-being of refugee parents and their children.

Margaret Mishra

This paper pays homage to the late Professor, Brij Lal, for the critical role he played in debunking colonial and patriarchal myths about Fiji’s Indian indentured (girmitiya) women. From as early as 1985, Lal critiqued the way the British administrators wielded power over displaced female labourers by misrepresenting them in internal and external exchanges. My specific focus here is on the way he deconstructed colonial and patriarchal tropes associated with indentured women such as their alleged immorality and promiscuousness, ‘sexual jealousy’, ‘maternal negligence’ and madness, by situating these constructs within a specific historical context. With these interventions as the foundation for this paper, I will illustrate how my own interdisciplinary investigations in the interconnecting fields of gender, indenture, subaltern studies and minor history have attempted to address Lal’s concern that girmitiya women’s perspectives were absent in the historical records.

Laura Lamas-Abraira

Este artículo constituye una primera aproximación al cristianismo chino en España a partir de un estudio de caso en el área metropolitana de Barcelona. Se contextualiza el fenómeno del cristianismo chino a través de una mirada que incorpora la esfera de lo local y lo transnacional, así como una comprensión de la práctica religiosa como hecho social. En base a una investigación cualitativa, este artículo da cuenta de los orígenes y lógicas organizativas de las iglesias cristianas chinas presentes en el área y de sus dinámicas sociales y retos actuales. Finalmente, se subraya la importancia del contexto migratorio, en el cual se inscriben, tanto a nivel de la experiencia individual como en su condición de comunidad religiosa.

Márcio de Oliveira, Leonardo Cavalcanti

Resumo Este artigo analisa a trajetória de pequeno grupo de haitianos que concluíram cursos superiores na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), entre 2019 e 2021. Em termos concretos, examinamos a relação entre habitus e capitais de cada migrante que frequentou as aulas de português, concluiu os cursos superiores e iniciou sua carreira profissional. A seleção dos entrevistados foi realizada a partir da base de dados de alunos imigrantes e refugiados disponibilizada pela Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis da UFPR. Como referencial teórico, utilizamos os conceitos de habitus imigrante e capital migratório, desenvolvidos a partir da Teoria da Prática (Pierre Bourdieu, 1930-2002). Em síntese, percebe-se que aqueles imigrantes providos de habitus adequados e de capitais específicos foram mais exitosos em seus percursos educacionais e inserção no mercado de trabalho.

Rodney Ehrlich, Stephen Barker, Vivian W.L. Tsang et al.

Background: A legacy of the South African gold mining industry, now in decline, is a large burden of silicosis and tuberculosis among former migrant miners from rural South Africa and surrounding countries, particularly Lesotho and Mozambique. This neglected population faces significant barriers in filing claims for compensation for occupational lung disease. The objective of the study was to gain insight into the extent of such barriers, particularly for former miners and cross-border migrants. Methods: The database of a large gold mining company and the statutory compensation authority were analyzed for the period 1973–2018 by country of origin, age, and employment status at the time of claim filing. Proportions and odds ratios (ORs) for each of the compensable diseases were calculated by the above variables. Processing delays of claims were also calculated. Results: Annual company employment declined from 240,718 in 1989 to 43,024 in 2018 and the proportion of cross-border migrants within the workforce from 51.0 to 28.1%. The compensation database contained 68,612 claims. The majority of compensable claims in all diagnostic categories were from active miners. The odds of cross-border miners relative to South African miners filing a claim depended on employment status. For example, the OR for Lesotho miners filing while in active employment was 1.86 (95% CI 1.81, 1.91), falling to 0.94 (95% CI 0.91, 0.98) among former miners. The equivalent findings for Mozambiquan miners were 0.95 (95% CI 0.91, 1.00), falling to 0.44 (95% CI 0.41, 0.47). Median processing delays over the whole period were from 1.1 years from filing to adjudication, and 3.8 years from filing to payment. Conclusions: The findings provide a quantitative view of differential access to occupational lung disease compensation, including long processing delays, among groups of migrant miners from the South African gold mines. There is a deficit of compensable claims for silicosis and silico-tuberculosis among former miners irrespective of country of origin. While cross-border miner groups appear to file more claims while active, this is reversed once they leave employment. Current large-scale efforts to provide medical examinations and compensation justice to this migrant miner population need political and public support and scrutiny of progress.

Revista Migraciones

Susan F. Martin

Jéssica Alberti Giaretta, Jaisson Teixeira Lino

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns aspectos culturais fundamentais para a consecução da demarcação da Terra Indígena Toldo Pinhal, localizada no município de Seara, na região oeste de Santa Catarina. Utilizando-se de variadas fontes bibliográficas e audiovisuais, reflete-se aqui sobre os elementos identitários culturais que foram acionados pela referida comunidade indígena na luta pela afirmação de direitos básicos, como o acesso à terra e a manutenção de traços culturais críticos para a manutenção do “ser Kaingang”. Deste modo, apresentam-se lugares de memória distribuídos na paisagem juntamente com demais atividades culturais, com destaque para as semanas culturais. Por fim, reafirma-se que a mobilidade territorial é parte de um todo cultural deste povo, contrariando as ideias de parte dos não-indígenas que associam “nomadismo” com “ausência de apego a terra”. Palavras-Chave: história indígena, Kaingang, terra indígena, lugares de memória.

Bruno Boti Bernardi, Matheus de Carvalho Hernandez

Expediente V. 5, N. 9 – jan./jun., 2016.

Rosie Cox, Nicky Busch

London is an important destination for au pairs, who, like many other young migrants, are attracted by the social, cultural and economic opportunities the city offers. London also has strong demand for au pair labour, shaped by childcare regimes and working practices that have made in-home, privatised childcare popular with many families and a migration regime, including the deregulation of au pairing, which has funnelled migrants into low-paid domestic and caring work. This article examines the effects of au pairs’ perceptions of London. We argue that in the context of deregulation, au pairs aim to use the opportunities that London affords in order to develop networks and skills that they will use for future migration and careers, trading good conditions for the chance to be in the capital. Thus, positive perceptions of London work in host families’ favour as au pairs will accept poor pay and conditions in order to be located in London.

María Teresa Gil Bazo

Los países de la Unión Europea se enfrentan a uno de los mayores retos de nuestro tiempo. El flujo cada vez mayor de inmigrantes hacia Europa en un momento de crisis en todos los órdenes (económico, político, y social) comporta nuevos problemas e interrogantes que deben ser solucionados desde una perspectiva a largo plazo y de respeto a los valores democráticos y los derechos humanos. En este contexto, el proceso de integración europea supone que la cooperación en temas de inmigración adquiera carácter prioritario, y deba ser tratada a nivel internacional entre los Estados que forman la Unión Europea. El momento de transformaciones restrictivas en el contexto internacional europeo de extranjería y asilo obliga a la reflexión sobre el estatus en Derecho internacional del derecho de asilo, que viene dado no sólo por los instrumentos específicos relativos a la protección de refugiados, sino también por otros instrumentos internacionales de protección  de derechos humanos, y por el propio Derecho internacional consuetudinario. Es esta una vertiente con frecuencia soslayada cuya importancia se acrecienta ante las restricciones cada vez mayores impuestas por los países de la Unión Europea al régimen específico del asilo. Así, el presente artículo tiene por objeto el análisis del derecho internacional de asilo y el modo en que éste puede hoy ser complementado por el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos para dar respuesta a las modificaciones introducidas en las legislaciones europeas.

María Dolores Elizalde, Xavier Huetz de Lemps

En este artículo se propone un análisis interpretativo sobre uno de los elementos más característicos de la administración que España estableció en Filipinas, esto es, el preponderante<br />papel que las órdenes religiosas desempeñaron dentro de la estructura colonial. Desde un intencionado enfoque a largo plazo, y a partir de documentos de archivos, fuentes impresas<br />y bibliografía, en este trabajo se analizan las razones por las cuales los frailes adquirieron tanta importancia dentro de la empresa colonizadora desde el primer momento; se revisan<br />los motivos por los que las congregaciones consolidaron y mantuvieron una posición singular en el archipiélago a lo largo de los siglos; se estudian una serie de momentos, causas y<br />protagonistas que cuestionaron esa situación; y se destacan las claves que explican la compleja realidad de los religiosos en las Filipinas del siglo XIX.

Miguel Pajares

Romanian immigration to Spain has been high in number and has taken place in a relatively short period of time, during which it has become the third most important immigrant group in statistical terms. The reasons behind this phenomenon stem from the living conditions in Romania as well as the particular characteristics of the Spanish labor market in recent years. It should be noted,however, that a side from these factors, it is the strong social network that has truly made possible such an intense migration dynamic.The social network constructed by the Romanians has some unique characteristics: there are few inner relationships, limited primarily to close family and friends, and it is weak in some aspects(except in the case of those belonging to religious minorities and the Roma people). Nonetheless, it is a useful network for labor insertion.Access to the labor market is produced via the «network»to the extent to which Romanians bring others into businesses or make initial contacts for them. In case studies, it has been observed that those Romanians arriving without a social network have a hard time finding work. The primary reason for this is that Romanian immigration has been channeled primarily through illegal means, thus initially entering the labour market in the submerged economy.Since January 1, 2007, the date marking the entry of Romaniain to the European Union, the Romanian community is the contingency with one of the highest rates of irregular immigration. Upon gaining recognition as EU community members, those immigrants who had previously found themselves in an irregular legal situation have been experiencing a change contradictory to their true legal status.

Paul Spickard, Maleeha Aslam, Alexandros Sakellariou et al.

Xaman Korai Minillo

A partir de um estudo sobre o papel das Relações Internacionais na manutenção do regime de Robert Mugabe no Zimbábue, foi analisado o papel tradicionalmente designado a Estados pequenos e fracos nas Teorias de Relações Internacionais. Foram examinados criticamente os paradigmas clássicos e seus conceitos, buscando explicações satisfatórias para as questões que emergem no estudo das Relações Internacionais africanas. Percebe-se que, indo além dos tradicionais focos de estudo, como as grandes potências, e trazendo a África para o centro dos debates teóricos como fonte de explicações aplicáveis aos fenômenos do meio internacional, é possível repensar as Relações Internacionais de modo mais inclusivo e democrático. Assim podem ser reavaliadas as lentes teóricas que fundamentam o olhar sobre os fenômenos internacionais, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do campo de estudos.

Rachel Sharaby

AbstractThis research focuses on the absorbing society, and examines a process by which immigrants entered and changed the cultural core of the absorbing society. It analyzes the development of an ethnic holiday, the traditional ethnic Mimouna holiday of North African immigrants in Israel, into a national holiday and into part of the dominant culture. The research concludes that this process evolved mainly as a result of the political activism of immigrants from North Africa and a weakening of the hegemony. It may also illuminate the sometimes crucial role of immigrants in moving the boundaries between the center and the periphery.

Jelena Stanić, Laura Šakaja, Lana Slavuj

The paper deals with changes in street names in the city of Zagreb. Taking the Lower Town (Donji grad) city area as an example, the first part of the paper analyses diachronic street name changes commencing from the systematic naming of streets in 1878. Analysis of official changes in street names throughout Zagreb’s history resulted in categorisation of five periods of ideologically motivated naming/name-changing: 1. the Croatia modernisation period, when the first official naming was put into effect, with a marked tendency towards politicisation and nationalisation of the urban landscape; 2. the period of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croatians and Slovenians/Yugoslavia, when symbols of the new monarchy, the idea of the fellowship of the Southern Slavs, Slavenophilism and the pro-Slavic geopolitical orientation were incorporated into the street names, and when the national idea was highly evident and remained so in that process; 3. the period of the NDH, the Independent State of Croatia, with decanonisation of the tokens of the Yugoslavian monarchy and the Southern Slavic orientation, and reference to the Ustashi and the German Nazi and Italian Fascist movement; 4. the period of Socialism, embedding the ideals and heroes of the workers’ movement and the War of National Liberation into the canonical system; and, 5. the period following the democratic changes in 1990, when almost all the signs of Socialism and the Communist/Antifascist struggle were erased, with the prominent presence of a process of installing new references to early national culture and historical tradition. The closing part of the paper deals with public discussions connected with the selection of a location for a square to bear the name of the first president of independent Croatia, Franjo Tuđman. Analysis of these public polemics shows two opposing discourses: the right-wing political option, which supports a central position for the square and considers the chosen area to be “inadequate and undefined”, “an insufficiently dignified place”, “a common field”, and “an untended park”, while the left-wing political option presents the chosen site for the square as “the second heart of the city”, “the most beautiful”, and “the largest and most representative square”. The discussion about Franjo Tuđman Square is interpreted in the paper as a reflection of the symbolic force of space and location.

Orlando Rodriguez