Abstract Alternative provision (AP), in particular Pupil Referral Units (PRUs), have been criticised as a forgotten part of the education system, side‐lined and stigmatised as somewhere only the very worst behaved pupils go. In response to this criticism, PRUs have now been academised to become AP Academies and new AP schools have been set up—AP Free Schools. A sample of 5 years of AP pupils sitting their GCSE examinations from 2016/17 to 2020/21 ( N = 15,019) was used to compare the academic attainment of AP Free School pupils and AP Academy pupils. AP Free School pupils achieved 13.26% more capped GCSE points than AP Academy pupils, which increased to a difference of 18.65% when controlling for selection bias, suggesting that not only do AP Free Schools outperform AP Academies academically, but they do so with more disadvantaged pupils. However, this difference is equal to one grade in one GCSE subject and the national average score for ‘Attainment 8’ is 7.3 times higher than the average capped GCSE points of AP Free School pupils, such that pupils may fare better academically if they remain in mainstream education. The controlled disadvantageous pupil characteristics of being a looked after child ( β = −1.67), being eligible for free school meals ( β = −1.42), having special needs ( β = −1.26) and being of an ethnic minority ( β = −1.23) were found to be stronger predictors of capped GCSE points than AP type ( β = 1.04) and are characteristics more likely to be found in pupils who are in AP as a result of exclusion. The superior academic performance of AP Free Schools over AP Academies is not sufficient to overcome the disadvantages faced by pupils excluded into AP. Permanently excluding should be a last resort and mainstream schools should work in partnership with AP Free Schools so that the relative strengths of both types of schools are leveraged in the interest of pupils at‐risk of permanent exclusion.
Arnaud Del Bello, Anna Gouin, Camille Chaubet
et al.
AbstractT cell exhaustion refers to a dysfunctional state in which effector T cells present a decreased ability to proliferate and to produce cytokines, while the co-expression of inhibitory receptors increases. We investigated global and donor-specific T cell responses in a cohort of stable, living-donor kidney transplant patients that received similar immunosuppression. After transplantation, an increase in the ratio of TIGIT + /CD226 + in mCD4 + T cells (r = 0.47, p = 0.01), and a decrease of CD226 + TIGIT-mCD4 + T cells was observed (r = − 0.55, p = 0.001). This leads to an increase of dysfunctional T cells in patients far from transplantation. In mCD8 + T cells, a decrease of IL-2 production after mitogenic stimulation was observed far from transplantation. Phenotypic analyses revealed an increase of mCD8 + T cells co-expressing PD-1 and TIGIT over time (r = 0.51, p = 0.02). After donor-specific stimulation, the ability of CD4 + T cells to proliferate was decreased compared with third parties. CD4 + T cells expressing CD226 and TIGIT were correlated with allospecific CD4 + proliferation (r = 0.68, p = 0.04). Our study suggests that after kidney transplantation a T cell hyporesponsiveness appears over time, driven by a dysregulation of CD226/TIGIT axis in mCD4 + T cells, associated with an increase of PD1 + TIGIT + in mCD8 + T cells.
Today, the area surrounding the archaeological city of Teotihuacan is suffering a gradual process of destruction due to factors such as: the uncontrolled urban sprawl of neighbouring communities, the conurbation of Mexico City, and the conflictive relationship between the State Institution which is legally responsible for preserving these remains and these centres of population. This represents a multifactorial and convergent problem requiring coordinated action and participation on the part of the Mexican state, the local authorities, and the local population.This article deals with these problems from a generational perspective, based on the fact that, at the present time, thousands of school children and young people from these urban areas are forming criteria or opinions about the problem and learning from the positions taken by different players in the conflict. It is in this context, and via a post-doctoral study period supported by the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología) (CONACYT) and the Institute of Heritage Sciences (INCIPIT-CSIC) in Spain, that we have built a strategy for scientific dissemination, named ‘Arqueólogos en Apuros’ (Archaeologists in Trouble), which consists of a multimedia children’s news bulletin presented by puppet reporters, with the aim of promoting processes of reflection among school children regarding the destruction of the pre-Columbian city and the problems implied by this fact. However, we wish to go beyond the act of simply providing information and hope to generate co-creation processes, in which these children can make decisions regarding the topics, formats, and representation of the news bulletin and can become capable of researching the news for themselves. In this paper, the theoretical and methodological evolution of this project is analysed, along with its successes, failures, and future challenges, which may enable us to establish the ways in which these young people relate to their heritage, reaching beyond the authorized discourse, and to help them to demand their right to preserve, defend, and enjoy this heritage within the framework of the expression of their creativity and spontaneity.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India., M Chandra Sekhar*, MVVN Jyothsna
et al.
Samyak is a National Level Techno Management Fest in our University, where in previous edition of samyak the registration and certification process was completely offline. Due to this process there are many issues faced by the Event Management. There is a requirement of many people/students for making an entry of students into campus and enrolling them into fest by registration process. During registrations our students may have a chance of committing mistakes in their process which may effect in their certificates. Unable to manage huge participants crowd, as the process was completely offline. Another main issue was many participants were unable to collect their hardcopy of certificate. We came with solution that making the registration process completely digitalized (online) and certificate will be sent to their mail.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India., I.Veeraraghava Rao*, Aditya M
et al.
This paper has a XOR / XNOR gate circuits produces separate and establishes a simultaneous XOR - XNOR function.. Due to stubby yield capacity and short-circuit energy dissipation, the power utilization and latency of these circuits is increasing A new one-bit adder hybrid circuit is chosen built on the effective gates of xor xnor or xor / xnor. Each prefer circuit has its own advantages as it is known for its high speed, low current drain, short delay product (PDP), galvanic ability, etc. Simulations of the planned models were carried out using Mentor Graphics to see the quality of these projects. The simulation results are based on the 130-nm CMOS engineering design. A recent technique of transistor sizing is implemented to improve the circuits ' PDP.