Abstract Understanding the habitat use of animals in cities is relevant for urban planning, human-wildlife conflict management and urban biodiversity conservation. We studied the habitat use of Hooded Crows, a nuisance bird in much of Europe, in 16 different neighborhoods (sections) of a recently crow-colonized city in E Hungary. In the breeding season, when crows defend territories, crow numbers increased with nesting site availability and the number of trashbins but were unaffected by habitat type or area of the section. However, colonization probability was negatively influenced by the number of trashbins and restaurants, was high in parks, sports complexes, and quieter residential areas, and was low in residential areas busy with traffic. Outside the breeding season, when crows move around in groups, crow numbers increased with time in the section with the highest number of trashbins, decreased in residential areas and was stable in parks and sports complexes. Our results suggest that while crows are attracted by the foraging opportunities offered by anthropogenic food sources, they avoid nesting in such areas, likely due to high human disturbance. This implies that residential areas with fewer food sources will attract fewer crows, potentially reducing human-crow conflicts. Our study also suggests that improved waste management, such as closed-top trashbins in public places or covered enclosures in zoos, may further reduce the availability of anthropogenic food sources to crows and that targeted crow control is best scheduled for the breeding season and in residential areas.
Ganesh Korwar, Timotei István Erdei, Nitin Satpute
et al.
This paper presents an innovative approach to efficiently harvesting energy from ocean waves through a buoy-type Wave Energy Converter (WEC). The proposed methodology integrates a buoy, a Mechanical Motion Rectifier (MMR), a Motion Rectifier (MR), an Energy Storage Element (ESE), and an electric generator. A MATLAB-2023 model has been employed to assess the electrical power generated under varying wave heights and frequencies. Experimental data and numerical simulations reveal that the prototype Wave Energy Harvester (WEH) achieved a peak voltage of 6.7 V, peak power of 3.6 W, and an average power output of 8.5 mW, with an overall efficiency of 47.2% for the device’s actual size. Additionally, a theoretical analysis has been conducted to investigate the impact of incorporating additional buoys on the electrical power output.
Feray Gençer Bingöl, Duygu Ağagündüz, Ferenc Budán
It is known that probiotics have direct and indirect effects on many systems in the body, especially the gastrointestinal system. Interest in using probiotic strain-derived cell components and metabolites has also increased as a result of the significant benefits of probiotics. Although many terminologies and definitions are used for these components and metabolites, the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) recommended the use of the term postbiotic in 2021, which is defined as “a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. Postbiotics are bioactive metabolites such as organic acids, peptides/proteins, cell wall components, functional enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and phenols. These molecules mediate many positive effects such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. These positive effects on maintaining health have enabled the identification of many new postbiotic proteins such as p40, p75, and HM0539. In this review, the postbiotic proteins p40, p75, and HM0539 derived from lactobacilli and their functional effects are systematically summarized. The p40 protein, in particular, has been shown to support gut barrier activity and reduce inflammation, potentially through mechanisms involving epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent signaling. Additionally, p40 and p75 proteins exhibit protective effects on intestinal epithelial tight junctions, suggesting their therapeutic potential in preventing intestinal damage and diseases such as colitis. HM0539 enhances intestinal barrier integrity, exhibits antiinflammatory properties, and protects against bacterial infection, suggesting its possible as a therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease. This review may contribute to future studies on the therapeutic use of p40, p75, and HM0539 postbiotic proteins in inflammatory gastrointestinal system diseases.
Zoltán Kupihár, Györgyi Ferenc, Vencel L. Petrovicz
et al.
Oligonucleotide conjugates are versatile scaffolds that can be applied in DNA-based screening platforms and ligand display or as therapeutics. Several different chemical approaches are available for functionalizing oligonucleotides, which are often carried out on the 5′ or 3′ end. Modifying oligonucleotides in the middle of the sequence opens the possibility to ligate the conjugates and create DNA strands bearing multiple different ligands. Our goal was to establish a complete workflow that can be applied for such purposes from monomer synthesis to templated ligation. To achieve this, a monomer is required with an orthogonal functional group that can be incorporated internally into the oligonucleotide sequence. This is followed by conjugation with different molecules and ligation with the help of a complementary template. Here, we show the synthesis and the application of a thiol-modified thymidine nucleoside phosphoramidite to prepare ligatable oligonucleotide conjugates. The conjugations were performed both in solution and on solid phase, resulting in conjugates that can be assembled into multivalent oligonucleotides decorated with tissue-targeting peptides using templated ligation.
Az 1953-ban útjára indult, immáron hetvenéves Belügyi Szemle tudományos folyóirat jubileumi „70 év, 70 gondolat” című kiadványában megjelent tanulmány olvasható a felkért szerzőktől.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Attila Nemes, Árpád Kormányos, Péter Domsik
et al.
Introduction and Objective: Acromegaly is a rare, chronic and slowly developing endocrine disorder caused by hypersecretion of human growth hormone and consequently of insulin-like growth factor-1 during adulthood. The present study was conducted to assess mitral annular (MA) size and function between acromegalic patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE). It also aimed to examine whether activity of the disease has any effect on MA parameters. Methods: This study included 27 patients with acromegaly, three of whom were excluded due to inferior image quality. The mean age of the remaining 24 patients was 55.7±14.0 years and seven were male. Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3D-STE were performed in all cases. Results: Significantly increased end-diastolic and end-systolic MA diameter (2.81±0.36 cm vs. 2.44±0.34 cm and 2.00±0.32 cm vs. 1.65±0.37 cm, respectively), area (9.67±2.33 cm2 vs. 7.38±1.93 cm2 and 5.14±1.62 cm2 vs. 3.74±1.19 cm2, respectively) and perimeter (11.76±1.42 cm vs. 10.27±1.33 cm and 8.61±1.23 cm vs. 7.36±1.10 cm, respectively) were demonstrated in acromegalic patients compared with control subjects. MA functional parameters were not significantly altered compared to those of healthy individuals. Conclusions: MA dilation could be seen in acromegaly regardless of its activity. Acromegaly is not associated with MA functional impairment. Resumo: Introdução e Objectivo: A acromegalia é uma doença endócrina rara, crónica e de desenvolvimento lento, causada pela hipersecreção da hormona do crescimento humano e, consequentemente, do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 durante a idade adulta. O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o tamanho e a função do anel mitral (MA) nos doentes com acromegalia e controles saudáveis emparelhados por idade e sexo, por meio de ecocardiografia tridimensional com speckle-tracking (3DSTE). O objetivo foi também examinar se a atividade da doença tem algum efeito nos parâmetros da MA. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 27 pacientes com acromegalia, três dos quais tiveram de ser excluídos devido à qualidade inferior de imagem. A média de idade dos 24 pacientes restantes foi de 55,7 ± 14,0 anos (7 homens). Foram realizados em todos os casos uma ecocardiografia Doppler bidimensional completa e um 3DSTE. Resultados: Quando comparados com os controlos, os doentes acromegálicos apresentaram diâmetros diastólico e sistólico finais significativamente dilatados (2,81 ± 0,36 cm versus 2,44 ± 0,34 cm e 2,00 ± 0,32 cm versus 1,65 ± 0,37 cm, respetivamente), assim como a área valvular (9,67 ± 2,33 cm2 versus 7,38 ± 1,93 cm2 e 5,14 ± 1,62 cm2 versus 3,74 ± 1,19 cm2, respetivamente) e o perímetro (11,76 ± 1,42 cm versus 10,27 ± 1,33 cm e 8,61 ± 1,23 cm versus 7,36 ± 1,10 cm, respetivamente) Os parâmetros funcionais da MA não estavam significativamente alterados em comparação com indivíduos saudáveis. Conclusões: A dilatação do MA pode ser observada na acromegalia, independentemente de sua atividade. A acromegalia não está associada ao comprometimento funcional da MA.
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system
I examine Hungary’s Catholic arts industry and its material practices of cultural production: the institutions and professional disciplines through which devotional material objects move as they become embedded in political processes of national construction and contestation. Ethnographic data come from thirty-six months of fieldwork in Hungary and Transylvania, and focuses on three museum and gallery exhibitions of Catholic devotional objects. Building on critiques of subjectivity- and embodiment-focused research, I highlight how the institutional legacies of state socialism in Hungary and Romania inform a <i>national</i> politics of Catholic materiality. Hungarian cultural institutions and intellectuals have been drawn to work with Catholic art because Catholic material culture sustains a meaningful presence across multiple scales of political contestation at the local, regional, and state levels. The movement of Catholic ritual objects into the zone of high art and cultural preservation necessitates that these objects be mobilized for use within the political agendas of state-embedded institutions. Yet, this mobilization is not total. Ironies, confusions, and contradictions continue to show up in Transylvanian Hungarians’ historical memory, destabilizing these political uses.
Zoltan Kovacs, Zsanett Bodor, John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
et al.
Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a unique production of aroma compounds in fermented foods but rapid methods for discriminating between foods containing probiotic, moderately probiotic, or non-probiotic bacteria remain aloof. An electronic nose (e-nose) is a high-sensitivity instrument capable of non-invasive volatile measurements of foods. In our study, we applied the e-nose to differentiate probiotic, moderately probiotic, and non-probiotic <i>Lactobacillus</i> bacteria strains at different fermentation time points (0th, 4th, and 11th) of milk fermentation. The pH of the changing milk medium was monitored with their corresponding increase in microbial cell counts. An e-nose with two gas chromatographic columns was used to develop classification models for the different bacteria groups and time points and to monitor the formation of the aromatic compounds during the fermentation process. Results of the e-nose showed good classification accuracy of the different bacteria groups at the 0th (74.44% for column 1 and 82.78% for column 2), the 4th (89.44% for column 1 and 92.22% for column 2), and the 11th (81.67% for column 1 and 81.67% for column 2) hour of fermentation. The loading vectors of the classification models showed the importance of some specific aroma compounds formed during the fermentation. Results show that aroma monitoring of the fermentation process with the e-nose is a promising and reliable analytical method for the rapid classification of bacteria strains according to their probiotic activity and for the monitoring of aroma changes during the fermentation process.
We consider a family of three point $n-2 ,1,1$ conjugate boundary value problems for $n$th order nonlinear ordinary differential equations and obtain conditions in terms of uniqueness of solutions imply existence of solutions. A standard hypothesis that has proved effective in uniqueness implies existence type results is to assume uniqueness of solutions of a large family of $n-$point boundary value problems. Here, we replace that standard hypothesis with one in which we assume uniqueness of solutions of large families of two and three point boundary value problems. We then close the paper with verifiable conditions on the nonlinear term that in fact imply global uniqueness of solutions of the large family of three point boundary value problems.
A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem 2010 februárjában díszdoktorai közé választotta Geert Bouckaertet, a Leuveni Katolikus Egyetem közigazgatás-tudományokkal foglalkozó professzorát. Bouckaert professzornak jelentős szerepe
volt az európai közigazgatás-tudomány fejlődésében, és hosszú időre visszanyúló kapcsolatai vannak egyetemünk Közszolgálati Tanszékével. A következőkben közöljük Bouckaert professzornak a díszdoktorrá avatási ünnepségen elhangzott előadását, amelyben a közigazgatás-tudomány jövőjét,
illetve annak oktatását érő legfontosabb kihívásokat és válaszlehetőségeket
elemzi. A tanulmány eredetileg a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem angol nyelvű
folyóiratában, a Society and Economy-ben jelent meg.
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
Réka Lós, Andrea Izbékiné Szabolcsik, Csaba Ungvári
et al.
Vizsgálataink során szintetikusan előállított fürdővizek mikro- és makroelem tartalmát elemeztük. A Debreceni Egyetem Környezetmérnöki Tanszékén korábban folyó kutatások során széleskörű laboratóriumi vizsgálatokkal sikerült bebizonyítani, hogy a háztartási szürkevizek minősége nagyon változó. Ez a változatosság a vizek mikro- és makroelem tartalmára is jellemző. A fürdővizek elemtartalmának vizsgálata során MP-AES módszer segítségével meghatároztuk az alumínium-, bárium-, kadmium-, króm-, réz-, vas-, mangán-, nikkel-, ólom-, stroncium-, cink-, kálcium-, kálium-, magnézium-, nátrium- és lítium tartalmat. A szintetikusan előállított fürdővizek elemtartalmának analízise kiemelten fontos öntözésre, WC öblítésre vagy autómosásra történő potenciális újrahasználatuk ellenőrzésében is, ugyanis a nehézfémtartalmuk jelentős terhelést gyakorolhat a környezetre. Jelen tanulmányban ismertetni szeretnénk a vizsgálataink során meghatározott mikro- és markoelem koncentráció értékeket, melyeket összehasonlítunk a Környezetmérnöki Tanszéken korábban vizsgált szürkevízminták, illetve a kontrollként szolgáló ivóvízminta elemtartalmával.
A vállalatok vezetői számos stratégiai eszközt használhatnak, hogy a szervezetet fejlesszék, attól függően, hogy mit tekintenek fontosnak. Az Ellátási lánc műveleti referencia modell (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model, azaz SCOR) egy ezek közül. Jelentősége abban áll, hogy összekapcsolja az üzleti folyamatokat, a mutatókat, a legjobb gyakorlatokat és a technológiai jellemzőket egy egységes struktúrával. Elősegíti az ellátási láncok partnerei közötti kommunikációt, illetve javítja az ellátási lánc menedzsmentjét és a kapcsolódó ellátási lánc javító tevékenységek hatékonyságát. Kutatásomban arra keresem a választ, hogy hogyan jelenik meg a SCOR modell a nemzetközi szakirodalomban a raktározással és teljesítménnyel összefüggésben. Milyen módszereket, eszközöket használnak a szerzők a kutatási kérdéseik és hipotéziseik vizsgálatához? Az eredmények bemutatását leíró statisztikán keresztül és kategóriaszelekcióval végzem. A kutatás során arra a következtetésre jutok, hogy a nemzetközi szakirodalomban a SCOR modell konkrétan a raktári teljesítményméréssel kapcsolatban még alig jelenik meg, inkább csak a különböző folyamatok leírásakor hívják segítségül. A jövőben érdemes lenne kiterjeszteni a SCOR modellt további területekre is, különösen a raktári teljesítménymérésre.
In this work, we analyze a bi-dimensional differential equation system obtained by considering Holling type II functional response in prey–predator model with strong Allee effect in prey.
One of the important consequence of this modification is the existence of separatrix curve which divides the behaviour of the trajectories in the phase plane. The results show that the origin is an attractor for any set of parameter values. Axial equilibrium points are stable or unstable according to the different parametric restrictions. The unique positive equilibrium point, if it exists, can be either an attractor or a repeller surrounded by a limit cycle, whose stability and uniqueness are also established. Therefore long-term coexistence of both populations is possible or they can go to extinction. Conditions on the parameter values are derived to show that the positive equilibrium point can be emerged or annihilated through transcritical bifurcation at axial equilibrium points.
The existence of two heteroclinic curves is also established. It is also demonstrated that the origin is a global attractor in the phase plane for some parameter values, which implies that there are satisfying conditions where both populations can go to extinction. Ecological interpretations of all analytical results are provided thoroughly.
Hazai tanulmányokban még kevésszer, de nemzetközi forrásokban már gyakrabban találkozhatunk olyan empirikus kutatásokkal, amelyek üzleti területen tanuló hallgatókat mérnek fel etikus magatartásukat vagy attitűdjeiket vizsgálva. Ezen elemzések során többek között arra keresik a választ, hogy a leendő menedzserek milyen magatartásformákat ítélnek etikusnak vagy éppen etikátlannak, s mennyire szigorúak az egyes szituációk értékelése során. Jelen tanulmányunkban célul tűzzük ki, hogy a Debreceni Egyetem gazdasági területein tanuló hallgatók körében végezzünk e tekintetben felmérést
There is an exception to every rule, isn’t there?
The distribution of the Hungarian particle ugye in wh-questions *** This paper is concerned with the distribution of the Hungarian discourse particle ugye in wh-interrogatives on the basis of data from the BUSZI-2 corpus. The aim of the study is to get closer to answering the question of whether it is possible to provide a unified interpretation for the particle. I review the formal properties of sentences containing ugye, and then turn to issues of interpretation. I conclude that wh-interrogatives containing ugye express assertions, and ugye has the role of a context marker in them, which parallels its use in declaratives. *** A tanulmány az ugye partikula kiegészítendő kérdésekben való előfordulásával foglalkozik a BUSZI-2-ben talált adatok alapján. A vizsgálat célja, hogy ennek a marginális használatnak a leírásával közelebb kerüljünk annak a kérdésnek a megválaszolásához, hogy adható-e egységes interpretáció az ugye partikulának. A tanulmányban áttekintem az ugyé-t tartalmazó mondatok formai tulajdonságait, majd rátérek az interpretáció problémáira. Az ugyé-t tartalmazó kiegészítendő kérdő mondatokkal kapcsolatban megállapítom, hogy azok állító beszédaktusokat valósítanak meg, és hogy azokban a partikula kontextusjelölő szerepű, így a kijelentő mondatbeli használatokkal rokon.