Hasil untuk "Economics"

Marco A. Rosas Pulido, Roberto Murcio, Omar R. Vázquez et al.

Intricate interactions among firms, institutions, and spatial structures shape urban economic systems. In this study, we propose a framework based on three structural dimensions -- abundance, diversity, and longevity (ADL) of economic units -- as proxies of urban economic complexity and resilience. Using a decade of georeferenced firm-level data from Mexico City, we analyze the relationships among ADL variables using regression, spatial correlation, and time-series clustering. Our results reveal nonlinear dynamics across urban space, with powerlaw behavior in central zones and logarithmic saturation in peripheral areas, suggesting differentiated growth regimes. Notably, firm longevity modulates the relationship between abundance and diversity, particularly in periurban transition zones. These spatial patterns point to an emerging polycentric restructuring within a traditionally monocentric metropolis. By integrating economic complexity theory with spatial analysis, our approach provides a scalable method to assess the adaptive capacity of urban economies. This has implications for understanding informality, designing inclusive urban policies, and navigating structural transitions in rapidly urbanizing regions.

Zikun Chen, Xuequan Hou, Binyu Chen et al.

Abstract The skeletal system is vital to human health and is influenced by factors such as age and nutritional intake. Although existing studies have identified certain associations between dietary factors and orthopedic diseases, systematic analyses and theoretical perspectives remain insufficient. To address this, we present ONMR, the largest platform using Mendelian Randomization to investigate the impact of dietary intake on orthopedic disorders. By systematically integrating Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data to provide over 100,000 analyses between 210 nutritional items and 503 bone-related phenotypes, ONMR provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex interactions between diet and skeletal health. This extensive analysis has elucidated the dual effects of dietary intake on bone health and their age-dependent characteristics. As a pivotal resource for interdisciplinary research spanning nutritional science and orthopedics, this platform could significantly contribute to the advancement of precision medicine in health management. The ONMR supports data querying, downloading, and personalized analysis, which can be accessed via a user-friendly website at https://onmr.ai-bio.net .

Taiwo Bintu Ayinde, Charles F. Nicholson, Benjamin Ahmed

Abstract Achieving Net Zero Emissions in vegetable production systems is a critical challenge in dryland climates of low- and middle-income countries, yet limited data exists to assess the feasibility of such systems. This study employs life cycle inventory methods to evaluate key performance metrics, including yield per land area, production costs, cumulative energy demand (CED), global warming potential (GWP), and water use (WU) for Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) in screen houses and field-based tomato production systems in Northern Nigeria. The findings reveal that CEA, despite its high production cost of ₦24,070.80 per m², achieves the highest yield of 28.57 kg per m². Additionally, CEA demonstrates superior efficiency, exhibiting the lowest C ED (0.025 MJ/kg) and GWP (0.76 kg CO₂-eq/kg). In contrast, rainfed field production, while having the lowest cost (₦58.45 per m²), results in the lowest yield (0.08 kg/m²) and the highest GWP (34,545.8%). Irrigated field production performs moderately, with a production cost of ₦150.38 per m², a yield of 0.22 kg per m², and a GWP of 12,572.4%. A key factor influencing yield variation across production systems is the difference in tomato varieties cultivated in open-field and CEA environments. CEA relies on hybrid varieties optimized for controlled conditions, whereas open-field farming utilizes varieties adapted to outdoor environmental fluctuations, contributing to disparities in yield potential. This study highlights the trade-offs between cost, yield, energy efficiency, and environmental impact across different production models. The results underscore the advantages of adopting more efficient and controlled cultivation methods like CEA, offering potential pathways for sustainable and environmentally responsible agricultural practices in regions facing climate and resource constraints.

Matteo Mazzamurro, Petra Hermankova, Michele Coscia et al.

Economic complexity is a powerful tool to estimate the productive capabilities and future growth of modern economies. Little is known of how economic complexity evolves over long periods in history. In this paper, we use archaeological evidence from the Roman Empire in the form of short texts preserved on a durable material (i.e. inscriptions) to estimate the economic complexity of the various provinces of the empire. By connecting the occupations listed in the text of inscriptions with the location in which the inscribed objects were found we can estimate that the most complex areas during the first four centuries of the Roman Empire have a remarkable and statistically significant overlap with the most complex countries today. While we lack an explanation for the reason of the preservation of economic complexity through the ages, this evidence provides a suggestion about how difficult the development of economic capabilities might be.

LI Yuling, HUANG Ruoqi, YANG En

Deoxynivalenol （DON） is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium， which mainly infects wheat， corn and other grains. It not only causes huge economic losses to the agricultural industry， but also has a potential threat to human and animal health. Therefore， how to efficiently remove DON from grains has always been an urgent problem. Currently， there is good development space in terms of cost and large-scale promotion of the use of microorganisms and their metabolites for biological detoxification of DON. This article makes a detailed description of the harm and detection technology of DON， as well as the research and application of the detoxification mechanism of DON by lactic acid bacteria in recent years， which provides a reference for the biological pest control of DON in grains and feedstuffs by lactic acid bacteria and its large-scale industrial application.

Pengfei Sun, Hong Cao

For a long time, the decline in agricultural comparative returns and the urban–rural development gap in China have prompted the outflow of rural labor. Land transfer policies, which allow farmers to retain their land contracting rights while transferring their management rights, were instituted to mitigate the impact of labor outflow on land use and agricultural production. In recent years, tourism has contributed to the diversification of the rural economy and has had an essential impact on the urban–rural allocation of elements such as labor. In this paper, we adopt a probit model to investigate the impact of tourism development on rural land transfer-out by using data from the China Family Panel Studies. The results show that the marginal effect of tourism development is significantly negative, indicating that the probability of rural land transfer-out was significantly reduced with tourism development. The results are still valid after a series of robustness tests. A mechanism analysis indicates that tourism development inhibits land transfer by enhancing local vitality, such as increasing the local employment of rural labor and promoting participation in agricultural production. Moreover, from the perspective of rural welfare and asset prices, further research finds that tourism development contributes to poverty alleviation and increases land value. These results suggest that tourism development inhibits land transfer while promoting rural sustainable development, helping to understand the impact of tourism on rural land use and household asset allocation from a more comprehensive perspective.

Andrzej Klimczuk, Delali A. Dovie, Agnieszka Cieśla et al.

Chee Kian Yap, Arun Kumar Singh

This study presents a novel approach to modelling economic agents as analogous to spin states in physics, particularly the Ising model. By associating economic activity with spin orientations (up for inactivity, down for activity), the study delves into optimizing market dynamics using concepts from statistical mechanics. Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations, the aim is to maximize surplus by allowing the market to evolve freely toward equilibrium. The introduction of temperature represents the frequency of economic activities, which is crucial for optimizing consumer and producer surplus. The government's role as a temperature regulator (raising temperature to stimulate economic activity) is explored. Results from simulations and policy interventions, such as introducing a "magnetic field," are discussed, showcasing complexities in optimizing economic systems while avoiding undue control that may destabilize markets. The study provides insights into bridging concepts from physics and economics, paving the way for a deeper understanding of economic dynamics and policy interventions.

Bingqiao Luo

Utilizing graph analytics and learning has proven to be an effective method for exploring aspects of crypto economics such as network effects, decentralization, tokenomics, and fraud detection. However, the majority of existing research predominantly focuses on leading cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH), overlooking the vast diversity among the more than 10,000 cryptocurrency projects. This oversight may result in skewed insights. In our paper, we aim to broaden the scope of investigation to encompass the entire spectrum of cryptocurrencies, examining various coins across their entire life cycles. Furthermore, we intend to pioneer advanced methodologies, including graph transfer learning and the innovative concept of "graph of graphs". By extending our research beyond the confines of BTC and ETH, our goal is to enhance the depth of our understanding of crypto economics and to advance the development of more intricate graph-based techniques.

Yanming Guo, Charles Guan, Jin Ma

The Environmental Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output analysis is the predominant framework in Ecological Economics for assessing the environmental impact of economic activities. This paper introduces ExioML, the first Machine Learning benchmark dataset designed for sustainability analysis, aimed at lowering barriers and fostering collaboration between Machine Learning and Ecological Economics research. A crucial greenhouse gas emission regression task was conducted to evaluate sectoral sustainability and demonstrate the usability of the dataset. We compared the performance of traditional shallow models with deep learning models, utilizing a diverse Factor Accounting table and incorporating various categorical and numerical features. Our findings reveal that ExioML, with its high usability, enables deep and ensemble models to achieve low mean square errors, establishing a baseline for future Machine Learning research. Through ExioML, we aim to build a foundational dataset supporting various Machine Learning applications and promote climate actions and sustainable investment decisions.

Minh Hoang Trinh, Nhat-Minh Le-Phan, Hyo-Sung Ahn

In this chapter, an input-output economic model with multiple interactive economic systems is considered. The model captures the multi-dimensional nature of the economic sectors or industries in each economic system, the interdependencies among industries within an economic system and across different economic systems, and the influence of demand. To determine the equilibrium price structure of the model, a matrix-weighted updating algorithm is proposed. The equilibrium price structure is proved to be globally asymptotically achieved when certain joint conditions on the matrix-weighted graph and the input-output matrices are satisfied. The theoretical results are then supported by numerical simulations.

Clyde S. Manuel, Greg Robbins, Jason Slater et al.

Hand hygiene product usage characteristics by food employees when hand sanitizers are made available are not well understood. To investigate hand hygiene product usage in casual dining and quick-service restaurants, we placed automated monitoring soap and sanitizer dispensers side-by-side at handwash sinks used by food employees in seven restaurants. Dispenses were monitored, and multiple dispenses that occurred within 60 s of each other were considered a single hand hygiene event. This resulted in 186,998 events during the study (149,779 soap only, 21 985 sanitizer only, and 15,234 regimen [defined as soap followed by sanitizer at the same sink within 60 s]) over 15,447 days of use. Soap was the most frequently used hand hygiene method by food employees in both restaurant types. Regimen use, despite being the preferred hand hygiene method by both restaurant chains, was the least used hand hygiene method. When pooled over restaurant types, the median daily usage for soap was statistically significantly highest of all methods at 23.5 dispenses per sink per day (p < 0.0001), the sanitizer median daily usage was 4.27 dispenses per sink per day, and regimen use was statistically significantly lowest of all methods at 4.02 dispenses per sink per day (p < 0.0001). When hand hygiene event types were pooled, casual dining restaurants had similar median hand hygiene event rates (11.4 dispenses per sink per day) compared to quick-service restaurants (11.9 dispenses per sink per day; p = 0.890). The number of events by sink location varied, with sinks located at a warewash station having the highest number of events (19.3 dispenses per sink per day; p < 0.0001), while sinks located by a ready-to-eat food preparation area had the lowest number of events (6.8 dispenses per sink per day; p < 0.0001). These data provide robust baseline benchmarks for future hand hygiene intervention studies in these settings.

Олександр Храпкін, Олена Кіндрат, Ратібор Чопей

Управління ІТ-проєктами ускладнюється стрімким розвитком нових технологій та постійним підвищенням вимог до актуальності та якості продуктів, що створюються в результаті. Стаття присвячена проблемам проєктного управління у сучасних IT-компаніях та напрямам удосконалення управління проєктами. Відзначено, що кожна IT-компанія унікальна і має свої особливості, а значить, для кожної компанії може знадобитися індивідуальний підхід до проєктного управління. У ході управління ІТ-проєктом, вирішення потребують такі питання: дедлайни, обмеження бюджету або недоліки людей, які можуть бути залучені до проєкту, керівник стикається з постійною необхідністю вирішення неординарних технологічних питань, пов'язаних з різними технічними засобами, ПЗ, операційною системою, труднощами з базами даних. Оскільки управляти ІТ-проєктами найскладніше, розглянуто низку загальних принципів, що дозволяють полегшити та спростити роботу з ними. Проаналізовано та систематизовано методологічні засади управління ІТ-проєктами, а також відзначено роль новації, яка почала застосовуватися нещодавно – штучний інтелект.

Kevin Ivander Budiono, Auditia Setiobudi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk, price consciousness, status consumption, dan inovasi produk terhadap minat beli produk T’Nuners. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah followers Instagram T’Nuners yang diambil sampel sebanyak 91 responden dengan teknik non probability sampling. Penyebaran kuesioner melalui google form dengan jumlah item pernyataan sebanyak 22. Skala pengukuran pada penelitian ini menggunakan skala Likert dengan kisaran 1 sampai 4. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda yang diolah dengan bantuan software SPSS version 26 for Windows. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah kualitas produk (X1), price consciousness (X2), status consumption (X3), dan inovasi produk (X4). Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini adalah minat beli (Y). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk, price consciousness, status consumption, dan inovasi produk berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap minat beli. Variabel kualitas produk dan status consumption tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap minat beli, sedangkan variabel price consciousness dan inovasi produk berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap minat beli.

Petra Tschuchnig, Manfred Mayr, Maximilian Tschuchnig et al.

The network economical sharing economy, with direct exchange as a core characteristic, is implemented both, on a commons and platform economical basis. This is due to a gain in importance of trust, collaborative consumption and democratic management as well as technological progress, in the form of near zero marginal costs, open source contributions and digital transformation. Concurrent to these commons-based drivers, the grey area between commerce and private exchange is used to exploit work, safety and tax regulations by central platform economists. Instead of central intermediators, the blockchain technology makes decentralized consensus finding, using Proof-of-Work (PoW) within a self-sustaining Peer-to-Peer network, possible. Therefore, a blockchain-based open source mediation seems to offer a commons-compatible implementation of the sharing economy. This thesis is investigated through a qualitative case study of Sardex and Interlace with their blockchain application, based on expert interviews and a structured content analysis. To detect the most commons-compatible implementation, the different implementation options through conventional platform intermediators, an open source blockchain with PoW as well as Interlaces' permissioned blockchain approach, are compared. The following confrontation is based on deductive criteria, which illustrates the inherent characteristics of a commons-based sharing economy.

Esra Ates Bulut, Neziha Erken, Derya Kaya et al.

Introduction/AimAnticholinergic drugs, which have severe central and peripheric side effects, are frequently prescribed to older adults. Increased anticholinergic drug burden is associated with poor physical and cognitive functions. On the other side, the impact of anticholinergics on nutritional status is not elaborated in the literature. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of the anticholinergic burden on nutrition.Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) 6 months apart were included in the study. Patients diagnosed with dementia were excluded because of the difference in the course of cognition, physical performance and nutrition. Nutritional status and global cognition were evaluated using Mini Nutritional Assessment-short form (MNA-SF), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Anticholinergic drug burden was assessed with the Drug Burden Index (DBI), enabling a precise dose-related cumulative exposure. Patients were divided into three groups according to DBI score: 0, no DBI exposure; 0–1, low risk; and ≥1, high risk. Regression analysis was performed to show the relationship between the difference in CGA parameters and the change in DBI score at the sixth month.ResultsA total of 423 patients were included in the study. Participants' mean age was 79.40 ± 7.50, and 68.6% were female. The DBI 0 score group has better MMSE and MNA-SF scores and a lower rate of falls, polypharmacy, malnutrition, and risk of malnutrition in the baseline. Having malnutrition or risk of malnutrition is 2.21 times higher for every one-unit increase in DBI score. Additionally, during the 6-month follow-up, increased DBI score was associated with decreased MNA-SF and MMSE score, albumin.ConclusionsThe harmful effects of anticholinergics may be prevented because anticholinergic activity is a potentially reversible factor. Therefore, reducing exposure to drugs with anticholinergic activity has particular importance in geriatric practice.

Wucheng Han, Yang Zhou, Ruoyu Lu

In the highly competitive Chinese construction market, developing a strategic orientation alone fails to maintain the sustainable competitive advantage of firms. In this paper, the mechanism of strategic orientation and business model innovation on corporate performance in a dynamic environment is investigated. Based on a sample of 356 Chinese construction firms, the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to test the hypotheses. It is found that entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation affect corporate performance differently. Unlike market orientation, which directly affects corporate performance, entrepreneurial orientation through business model innovation exerts influence instead of direct affection. Business model innovation plays a fully mediating role between entrepreneurial orientation and corporate performance and partially between market orientation and corporate performance. Meanwhile, environmental dynamism can positively moderate the relationship between business model innovation and corporate performance. This paper deepens the research on strategic orientation, business model innovation and corporate performance. The findings can provide a reference for construction firm managers to develop strategies and conduct business model innovation, which can finally help seek sustainable development in a dynamic environment.

O. Mryglod, S. Nazarovets, S. Kozmenko

This paper presents the results of further exploration of Crossref data related to Ukrainian Economics research (the first part can be found in [Mryglod, O., Nazarovets, S. & Kozmenko, S. (2021) Scientometrics, 126, 8187]). Our purpose is to supplement the quantitative portrait of Ukrainian Economics discipline with the results of gender and author ordering analysis at the level of individual authors, special methods of working with bibliographic data with a predominant share of non-English authors are used. The properties of gender mixing, the likelihood of male and female authors occupying the first position in the authorship list, as well as the arrangements of names are studied. A data set containing bibliographic records related to Ukrainian journal publications in the field of Economics is constructed using Crossref metadata. The described stages for working with such specific data help to work at the level of authors and analyse, in particular, gender issues. Despite the larger number of female authors, gender equality is more likely to be reported at the individual level for the discipline of Ukrainian Economics. The tendencies towards collaborative or solo-publications and gender mixing patterns are found to be dependent on the journal: the differences for publications indexed in Scopus and/or Web of Science databases are found. It has also been found that Ukrainian Economics research is characterized by rather a non-alphabetical order of authors. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale quantitative study of Ukrainian Economic discipline. The results obtained are valuable not only at the national level, but also contribute to general knowledge about Economic research, gender issues and authors' names ordering. Here, for the first time, attention is drawn to the explicit use of the features of the Slavic authors' names.

Kuźmicki Marek, Borysiuk Magdalena

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this paper is to identify the professional expectations of students of Economics at the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska. The paper presents also respondents’ opinions on particularly desirable values of potential employers.