Hasil untuk "Practical religion. The Christian life"

Richard Lennan

A raíz de la crisis del abuso, el “escándalo” se aferra a la Iglesia católica con una viscosidad desalentadora. El contraste entre el presente “velo sombrío” sobre la Iglesia católica y una comunidad eclesial comprometida con entusiasmo con la “opción misionera” (Evangelii gaudium, no 27) que el Papa Francisco promueve, plantea preguntas para el trabajo de la eclesiología. Si los eclesiólogos son incapaces de mostrar cómo la fe heredada de la iglesia puede informar respuestas constructivas a la crisis, entonces es poco probable que la eclesiología contribuya positivamente a la formación de la comunidad cristiana para el discipulado en el mundo. Este capítulo se centra en la capacidad de una comprensión sacramental de la iglesia para fomentar la reflexión autocrítica en la comunidad eclesial, para apoyar la reforma en la iglesia y para nutrir la esperanza para el testimonio de la iglesia de la misericordia de Dios.

Litha Mary Mathew, Leejia Mathew, Verghese Cherian et al.

Background and Aims: Managing the pain after a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is essential for early mobilization and rehabilitation, which plays a crucial role for better clinical outcomes. Epidural infusion of local anesthetic and opioids provides good pain relief but can lead to side effects such as hypotension, motor weakness and respiratory depression. The objective of this study was to evaluate if epidurally administered ketamine could provide postoperative analgesia, thereby, reducing the dose of epidural infusion and the need for rescue analgesia. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing TKA under epidural anesthesia were randomized to receive 0.5% bupivacaine (Group I) or 0.5% bupivacaine + ketamine (0.5mg/kg) (Group II) as their primary anesthetic. At the end of the surgery, an infusion of 0.1% bupivacaine + fentanyl (1μg/ml) was started through the epidural catheter at 5ml/h. The rate was adjusted every 2 hours, depending on the pain experienced by the patient. If, despite rate adjustment, the patient graded the pain as 5 or more, morphine 5mg intramuscularly could be administered as the rescue analgesic. Results: The dose of epidural infusion in the postoperative period between the 2 groups was comparable. Rescue analgesia was needed in 5 (35%) Group I and 8 (53%) Group II patients. An analysis of the subset of patients using the Kaplan-Meier curves, showed that most of the patients from Group I needed the rescue dose at the sixth hour. Few of the Group II patients also needed rescue analgesia at the sixth hour but their rate of needing rescue analgesic was gradual, lasting up to 18 hours. Conclusion: This study showed that the addition of a single dose of ketamine (0.5mg/kg) did not improve postoperative analgesia after TKA. However, it may have some benefit in a select subset of patients.

Iko Agustina Boangmanalu, Magdalena Ega Putri

The purpose of writing is to describe the application of a behaviour approach in the Christian education paradigm in learning Indonesian for grade VIII to improve student discipline in doing assignments using descriptive qualitative methods in the context of distance learning. One indicator of student discipline is doing assignments according to teacher instructions. Based on the presentation of observational data, more than 50% of students do not do assignments. The teacher presents a solution through the application of a behavioural approach by giving gifts, motivation, praise, and consequences to overcome this indiscipline. Teacher's love for students is the key and the reason for applying the behaviour approach with the Christian paradigm. The conclusion of this paper, by giving gifts, motivation, praise, and consequences in approaching behaviour with a Christian perspective has been shown to increase student discipline. Suggestions for readers, it is necessary to adjust the form of the stimulus if the teacher teaches students high initiative and tends to be rebellious so that the class can continue effectively.

Żmudziński Marek

The effects of World War II influenced the relations between the nations of Europe. They also influenced the life of the Church in a universal way, because its members found themselves of both sides of the Iron Curtain. This was particularly visible in Polish-German relations. The Polish bishops, inspired by the message of the Gospel and the legacy of the Second Vatican Council, came forward with a proposal of initiating the process of reconciliation. The words, “we forgive and ask for forgiveness”, contained in the Letter to the German Bishops of 1965, became the inspiration for the years-long reconciliation effort. The specific results of this formula are indicated in the formal normalisation of the state and church relations. In the ecclesial dimension, it included a new canonical diocese order and cooperation on the pastoral, charitable and journalistic plane. The real influence of the Polish-German reconciliation on the process of integration of the peoples of Europe should be emphasised. In this sense, the influence of the Christian message on shaping the public sphere is revealed.

Timothy Hynes

Postmodernism is, in many respects, a term that has lost most of its cultural and academic cachet. This does not, however, mean that the themes, context, and conditions to which it referred are no longer relevant. In this essay, I will briefly review the latest reports which show a decreasing interest in organized religion, and interpret these results as symptomatic of a larger change in the state of knowledge. To this end, I will examine Jean ‑François Lyotard’s analysis of the loss of metanarratives as a way of understanding the implicit rules of the dialogue that occurs between the theist and the atheist or agnostic. Next, I will note the unique capacity of beauty to transcend the diverse language games played by both sides of the conversation. I will conclude by contending that this characteristic of beauty offers a kind of common ground which can be built upon, fostering further dialogue as well as an opportunity for evangelization.

Jugathambal Ramdhani, Sarita Ramsaroop

Abstract A multidisciplinary approach to teacher education involves drawing from multiple pedagogies within disciplines, in particular the use of aesthetic methods of teaching, to redefine teaching through continuous reflection. This article reports on the process of pre-service students’ interpretation of the sensory contemplation of aesthetic perceptiveness within their academic programmes at a higher education institution and explores how students internalised and applied these aesthetic qualities in their practice. Using a qualitative approach, the findings indicate the positive influence of aesthetically enjoyable and engaging teaching strategies, such as group or whole class discussions that infused technology, on pre-service students’ understanding of content knowledge taught in lectures. Reports regarding pre-service students’ application of these very strategies at schools during their school experience were positive in terms of their ability to reflect critically before, during and after the lesson, made possible by personal first-hand experiences with the selected strategy. It was found that pre-service teachers believe that for effective teaching to take place, as practitioners, they need to take ‘full account of the multi-dimensional cultural world of the learner’ and therefore it is recommended that they adopt a multi-dimensional approach that is inclusive of aesthetics in their practice. Keywords: Aesthetics; teacher education; prior learning; constructivism, pedagogy, higher education; student teacher learning https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.80.2.2227

Raymond Potgieter

Protestant heritage is synonymous with the traditional employment of catechisms and catechetical teaching of both young and old. Many denominations have shifted from this historical approach, not least because of the challenges of so-called catechetical vacuums when facing third-millennial issues. The Heidelberg, Anglican and Westminster Catechisms allow for express distinctions peculiar to each unique Protestant faith constituency, but serve acceptably within the wider ecumenical tradition. A rediscovery of the historical contexts of these historical formulations will illustrate traditional denominational Protestant flexibility accompanying its Christian creedal fixity. This study will refer to confessional content in the main without resorting to particular content. The intention is to show how these polarities could dynamically serve the confessing church in meeting present-day challenges to the Christian faith in a manner that once again will inspire confidence in its catholic witness in the third millennium. Die protestantse erfenis is sinoniem met die tradisionele gebruik van die kategismusse en die kategetiese onderrig van oud en jonk. Baie kerkgenootskappe neig weg van hierdie historiese benadering hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die uitdagings van die sogenaamde kategetiese leemtes in die hantering van derde millenniumkwessies. Die Heidelbergse, Anglikaanse en Westminsterse Kategismusse laat ruimte vir spesifieke onderskeidings wat eie is aan elke unieke protestantse geloofsgemeenskap, maar wat nogtans binne die breër ekumeniese tradisie aanvaar word. ’n Herontdekking van die historiese konteks van hierdie tradisionele formulerings sal tradisioneel kerklik-protestantse buigsaamheid illustreer wat met konfessionele vastheid gepaard gaan. Hierdie artikel verwys na konfessionele inhoud oor die algemeen sonder om spesifieke inhoud aan te toon. Die doel is dus om aan te toon hoedanig hierdie polariteite die belydende kerk daadwerklik kan help om die daaglikse uitdagings van die Christelike geloof op so ’n wyse te hanteer dat daar weer vertroue in die algemene getuienis van die kerk in die derde millennium sal wees.

Kobus Labuschagne

This article is an attempt to elaborate hermeneutically on the different historical contexts, related the one to the other and to the centre point of the resurrection of Jesus Christ, in question and answer 45 of the Heidelberg Catechism. The aim is not only to find the true meaning that the Heidelberg Catechism intends to convey in the mentioned question and answer, but also to explain the underlying hermeneutical thinking as well as to bring to the surface and explain alternative assumptions that ordinary church-going Christians experience as the unusual outcome of an unknown and different kind of approach. Different hermeneutical processes lead to different outcomes of understanding − sometimes worlds apart. Vanuit die sentrale punt van die opstanding van Jesus Christus in vraag en antwoord 45 van die Heidelbergse Kategismus, wil hierdie artikel in ’n hermeneutiese besinning oor die verskillende verbandhoudende historiese kontekste uitbrei. Die doel is nie slegs om die ware betekenis te vind van wat die Heidelbergse Kategismus in genoemde vraag en antwoord poog om weer te gee nie, maar ook om die onderliggende hermeneutiese denke te verduidelik en alternatiewe aannames, wat gewone Christen-kerkgangers as ’n vreemde en verskillende benaderings ervaar, na die oppervlakte te bring en te verduidelik. Verskillende hermeneutiese prosesse lei tot verskillende uitkomste van verstaan – soms wêrelde van mekaar verwyderd.

Stella D. Potgieter, George A. Lotter

Die fokus van hierdie artikel is om aan te toon dat pedoseksualiteit en pedofilie ’n uitdaging aan die pastoraat en die kerk stel. Nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook internasionaal is pedoseksuele gedrag ’n wydverspreide probleem. Navorsing op hierdie gebied is ’n pastorale uitdaging. Volgens baie mense is seksueel-afwykende gedrag nie iets wat in die Christengemeenskap voorkom nie. Dit is egter ver van die waarheid af. Pedoseksualiteit en pedofilie kom voor in alle beroepe, op alle sosio-ekonomiese vlakke, in alle ouderdomme, kulture en seksuele oriëntasies en in alle gelowe. Pedofilie word in twee hoofgroepe verdeel, naamlik die situasionele kindermolesteerder en die voorkeur-kindermolesteerder. Die wortels van pedofilie lê normaalweg in die kinderjare terwyl die seksuele wanorde gedurende adolessensie ontwikkel. Drie tipes lewenservaring op ’n vroeë ouderdom word aangedui as aanleidend tot pedoseksualiteit, naamlik seksuele kontak vóór die ouderdom van 16 jaar met ’n aansienlik ouer persoon; seksuele kontak voor die ouderdom van 13 jaar met lede van die eie portuurgroep; en nie-seksuele geweld wat hoofsaaklik deur ouers teenoor kinders gepleeg is. Aangesien daar geen rehabiliteringsprogramme in Suid-Afrika bestaan vir persone met seksueel-afwykende gedrag nie en seksuele waardes vinnig in die breë samelewing afgeneem het, behoort die kerk op die voorgrond te tree op hierdie gebied. The focus of this article is to show that paedosexuality and paedophilia poses a challenge to both the pastorate and the church. Not only in South Africa, but also internationally, has paedosexual behaviour become a widespread problem. Research in this field poses a pastoral challenge. According to the opinion of most people sexually deviant behaviour is not something that occurs in the Christian community. This assumption, however, is not the truth. Paedosexuality and paedophilia are present in all occupations, on every socio-economic level, in all age groups, all cultures, in all sexual orientations and religions. Paedophilia can be divided into two main groupings, namely the situational and the preference child molester. The roots of paedophilia can usually be traced back to childhood and the dishevelment developed during adolescence. Three types of life experiences are indicated as causal factors in paedosexuality, namely sexual contact before the age of 16 with someone much older; sexual contact before the age of 13 with members of their peer group; and non-sexual violence committed against them – usually by a parent. The church must take the lead on this matter, as there are no existing rehabilitation programs in South Africa for persons with sexual deviant behaviour while sexual values are waning among the general population.

J-A. van den Berg

From text: Thematically, and in resonance with the central metaphor of architecture, the last chapter resorts under the design index of destination. In architectonic science, the concept, destination, is defined as “that which we reach”, and implies “the centre of gravity that assembles” (Norberg Schulz 2000:144). Within this broad category of destination, three accents are distinguished in chapter 4, namely orientation, identification and memory.

C.F.C. Coetzee

A comparison between Calvin’s Catechism of 1545 and the Heidelberg Catechism on their exposition of the Lord’s Prayer Several studies on the relationship between Calvin’s Catechism (1545) and the Heidelberg Catechism have already been conducted. However, the need for a study of a comparison between the two catechisms on the Lord’s Prayer was emphasised at the South African Calvin Research Conference in 2004. In the sixteenth century Reformation the Lord’s Prayer was a subject of considerable importance. Calvin wrote no less than eight different expositions of the Lord’s Prayer in his commentaries, catechisms of 1538 and 1545 and the different editions of his “Institutes”. In both the Geneva Catechism of 1542/1545 and the Heidelberg Catechism the exposition of the Lord’s Prayer forms an important part. A comparison of these expositions leads to the conclusion that the theological insights of John Calvin played a major role in the formulation of the Heidelberg Catechism. The Heidelberg Catechism is part of our Calvinist heritage and should still be used in the instruction of our children and confessed as our true and living faith.

N. van der Westhuizen, H. Olivier

A debate regarding the origin of Israel gave rise to much controversy which developed during the twenties. This debate saw an upsurge of interest during the sixties and seventies. Researchers identified themselves with three schools of thought. In this article negative as well as positive elements in the various schools are focused on. Consensus has been reached by researchers that the greatest obstacle in the way of the reconstruction of Israel's early history is the lack of verifiable sources. This study has looked for a new key, i.e. the creation of a broad scenario of the life in Canaan during the transition of the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age 1. If such a scenario could be reconstructed as correctly as possible, it would be possible to establish the conditions of Israel’s origins. This study intends to play an elucidating role, illustrating the ways in which the people of Canaan lived and worked in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, for it was under these circumstances that Israel had its origins.

J.W.N. Tempelhoff

A historiographical survey of water history In this article historiographical information is utilised to indicate the potential of water as a subject of historical research. In particular applicable practical needs in contemporary society that pose a challenge to the historian to look at the past from a different perspective, are emphasised. Attention is given to the socio-economic and political aspects of the hydrosphere and areas in which historians can render a valuable contribution. The history of water is noted for its interdisciplinary character. A variety of disciplines in the natural sciences and humanities are of value to the historian. Ultimately, when relevant questions are posed within the framework of historical water research, it is clear that the field has considerable potential to stimulate transdisciplinary scientific work.

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F. N. Lion-Cachet

The issue concerning the topic of the death penalty for capital offences is still widely discussed. Those supporting the retention of the death penalty mostly quote the Old Testament as their source of authority. The question, however, is whether confirmation has not been found too easily in the Old Testament, without fully taking into account the conditions of the period. Or should the death penalty not be applied for transgressions other than manslaughter as well? In this paper special attention will he given to the demand for the death penalty for manslaughter and other crimes. The question whether the implementation of the death penalty in the history of old Israel implies the retention or mitigation thereof, will also have to be answered.

D. R. Fouché, J. J. van der Walt

Hierdie artikel vorm ’n integrerende deel van ’n hele reeks waarin die doop eksegeties, dogmahistories, dogmaties, prakties en liturgies deur verskillende skrywers breedvoerig behandel word. Derhalwe val sake soos onder andere die instelling van die doop, die ontwikkeling van die doopleer, insluitend Barth se doopbeskouing, buite die bestek van hierdie artikel. Aspekte soos die verhouding doop/besnydenis en die plek van die verbond in die doop word net oorsigtelik belig om oorvleueling te voorkom.

P.J. Schutte

Value-driven community-based communication – the social vacine against HIV and AIDS? Recent statistics show the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is still not decreasing, despite numerous intervention programmes and the formation of AIDS councils. In the medium to long term HIV/AIDS prevention could be more successful if there were to be a stronger paradigm shift towards more horizontal communication at the community level as opposed to the current mainly government-driven top-down approach which communicates solutions primarily through the national media. An interpersonal and interactive community approach, based on dialogue, is therefore urgently needed. Above all, this community focus should be based on clear values to ensure sustainability. Faith-based organisations should play a far greater role in AIDS campaigns in which the normative dimension is spelled out explicitly.

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P. M. Venter

This article investigates the terms intertextuality and contextuality as used in literary science. The discussion follows Sailhamer "s proposal that these terms can be used to understand the theological meaning of the final shape of the Old Testament. The investigation of the terms is then applied to a reading of Daniel 9:1-27.

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