Hasil untuk "Law of nations"

Carlos Tormo Camallonga

Este artículo tiene por objetivo abordar a la ciudad como una institución jurídica y político-institucional. Para ello, partirá de estudiar los modelos de ciudad peninsulares —en particular, el de la corona de Aragón— y su posible repercusión en las Indias. Destacará así el papel de la ciudad en sus dimensiones espacial, jurídica, social y política-institucional, mismas que permiten entender la transición y cambios de las ciudades bajomedievales peninsulares y de las ciudades modernas en las Indias.

Jesús Ignacio Delgado Rojas

La Educación para la Ciudadanía y los derechos humanos es la formación cívico-moral de un sistema educativo. Es una asignatura, con contenidos y objetivos, que ha recibido elogios y críticas que aquí trato de revisar. Su valor e importancia para la convivencia democrática es indudable. En este trabajo realizo desde una perspectiva laica un análisis de esta materia, su encaje en el sistema constitucional de los Estados de Derecho y las perspectivas y retos que plantea al modelo educativo. Las democracias deliberativas necesitan formar ciudadanos activos y críticos para ejercer sus derechos y cumplir con sus deberes. Además, la Educación para la Ciudadanía afianza el compromiso de las personas con la vida política de su sociedad, regenera la confianza en las instituciones y garantiza la participación democrática de todos y todas en condiciones de igualdad y respeto.

Nataliya Gorodnia

This paper describes and discusses the major developments in the U.S.-Philippines security relations in 1991-2016, between signing an agreement to extend a rent of Subic Bay Naval base by the U.S. and inauguration of R. Duterte administration. The research has revealed three periods in the U.S.-Philippines security relations in 1991-2016. The first period started when the Philippines senate rejected to ratify the Subic Bay Agreement in September 1991, and the United States had to evacuate the naval base on November 1992. It lasted until the U.S. and the Philippines signed a Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) in 1998. The Philippines government’s interest in reaching a new agreement was caused by China’s 1995 military occupation of the Panganiban reef and other incidents at the disputed territories in the South China Sea. The Philippines claimed that they composed a part of their exclusive economic zone, according to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The second period lasted since ratification of the VFA by the Philippines parliament in 1999 until aggravation of the situation in the South China Sea in 2011. This period was featured by enhanced political and military cooperation between the U.S. and the Philippines, and significant U.S. assistance in modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). In September 2001–2006, the security cooperation was focused on the counterterrorism activitiesin the Philippines by military means. In 2007–2011, the focus shifted to humanitarian operations and development assistance. During the third period, in March 2011 – June 2016, B. Aquino administration refocused attention from domestic security issues to the threats in the South China Sea. In 2014, the Philippines and the U.S. signed the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement, which provided American ships, aircrafts and military personnel with an access to several military bases of the AFP on a rotating basis. The Agreement essentially improved U.S. strategic position in the Southeast Asia and the South China Sea.

Judith Bueno De Mesquita

The right to health has been cast in increasingly broad terms in international human rights law, not only as a right to health care but also as a right to an ever more broad range of underlying and social determinants of health. Utilizing an analytical framework grounded in this broad view of the right to health, this article presents the findings of an empirical review of the right to health in the recommendations issued to states during the first two cycles of the Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review. The Universal Periodic Review, a peer-review mechanism, has come to occupy a prominent position in global human rights oversight, not least because all United Nations member states are regularly scrutinized under the procedure. It has also been identified as a potentially valuable mechanism to enhance accountability around the Sustainable Development Goals. The article highlights that the right to health is prominent in the Universal Periodic Review’s recommendations, a conclusion that contrasts with existing perceptions that the right has been given limited attention by the procedure. However, the article argues that the quality of these recommendations is uneven. Increasing the engagement of key health stakeholders in the procedure will be important to enhance its potential for the right to health.

Constitutional Court of Georgia

The Journal of Constitutional Law continues to offer the readers brief summaries of the latest significant cases resolved by the Constitutional Court of Georgia. For this Volume four judgments adopted by the Court within 2019 were selected for publication, some of which have had high resonance not only within Georgia, but globally in the legal field. The Journal hopes the notes will bring more interest towards the case-law of the Court and will motivate further discussions around its practice.

José Gabriel Ruiz González

El Pacto de Estado en materia de Violencia de Género, aprobado en 2017 por el Parlamento español, recoge la tesis ratificada por Naciones Unidas de que la violencia contra la mujer es un abuso de derechos humanos, reforzando el estatus normativo de la víctima, al vincular sus derechos a los valores constitucionales y obligar al Estado a garantizarlos. El presente artículo, partiendo del marco normativo español, analiza los mecanismos vertebradores de las políticas que han de desarrollar las distintas administraciones para determinar si, una vez conseguido el consenso político contenido en el Pacto de Estado de 2017, se cuenta con los instrumentos precisos que permitan la cooperación interadministrativa para la erradicar la violencia contra la mujer.

Richard Weinmeyer, Annalise Norling, Margaret Kawarski et al.

L. Brown, C. Lynes, Travis Carroll et al.

achmad sulchan, Nurmalia IW

ABSTRACT Mixed marriages are marriages involving a race between nations, therefore, marriage is also subject to the principles applicable in the Indonesian Law and International Law. Mixed marriage has penetrated the whole of Indonesia . Notary role in making the deeds relating to pernjanjian marriage, inheritance etc.Dealing with the issue of marriage between men and women WNA WNA especially about women's access rights to land for the citizen and problems. Therefore, the authors take the title on the Juridical Review of the Acquisition of Land Rights for Women Bound citizen Mixed Marriage (Case Study No. Constitutional Court.69 / PUU XIII / 2015). The contents of the Constitutional Court about: Testing Law No. 5 of 1960 on the Basic Regulation and the Basic Agrarian Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia th 1945.Dalam decision mentions the Applicant, Ny. Ike Farida an Indonesian citizen. Applicant is a woman who is married to a Japanese national men by a valid marriage and are registered in the District Office of Religious Affairs Makasar East Jakarta Municipality No. 3948 / VII / 1995, the Civil Registry Office Prop. DKI Jakarta as defined in the Marriage Reports Receipt No. 36 / KHS / AI / 1849/1995/1999 dated May 24, 1999. Related to marriage, the applicant does not have marital separation agreement treasures, never abandoned his Indonesian citizenship and disenfranchised here at home. Applicant want to buy Flats in Jakarta, after the keel, towers not being handed over, and even then the purchase agreement terminated unilaterally by the developer. Then formulated the problems are: 1) What is the procedure of acquiring land rights for women citizens who are bound intermarriage? 2). Constraints and solutions that arise in obtaining the Women's Land Rights for citizens who are bound Mixed Marriage (Case Study No. Constitutional Court.69 / PUU XII / 2015)? As this study is sociological or empirical, in which the authors conducted a study which examined at first was secondary data, then resumed research on primary data in the field, or to society, an interview with the National Land Agency, notary, and two female citizens who marry foreigners. And examine the rules relating to mixed marriages, prevailing in Indonesia. The results showed the conclusion that the Notary has an important role in helping clients about: procedures for securing land rights for the citizen who is married to foreigners, namely the reduction in the rights, for example, from Properties menjaiHakPakai, the reduction in the rights of land owners. Constraints faced is the problem of domicile for male foreigners who are married to the citizen, and a couple of mixed marriages between Indonesian citizens and foreigners do not make a marriage agreement during their marriage. The solution is that if the land area can be divided into 2: 1/2; 1/2 for the wife, the land was downgraded to a Right of Use by registering at BPN, and made a covenant marriage.

Piet Strauss

The last two presidents of the Zuid-Afrikaansche (South African) Republic (1852–1902) and the Republic of the Orange Free State (1852–1902), S.J.P. Kruger and M.T. Steyn, both stood in the tradition of the Christian Afrikaner. Kruger as the symbol of Afrikaner republicanism in the 19th century and Steyn as a younger and more modern Afrikaner, tried to base their policies openly and clearly on Biblical and Christian principles. Kruger as a member and recognised minister of the Reformed Churches in South Africa formulated his views in a typical Dutch neo-Calvinistic way, while Steyn used Reformed concepts combined with his academic background in jurisprudence and the law of nations to foster the same ideas. Kruger and Steyn trusted one another, agreed on core issues and worked together rather well. Each strived to maintain the independence of his republic.

K. Davis, M. Abrams, Kristof Stremikis

N. Cott

EWe commonly think of marriage as a private matter between two people, a personal expression of love and commitment. In this pioneering history, Nancy F. Cott demonstrates that marriage is and always has been a public institution. From the founding of the United States to the present day, imperatives about the necessity of marriage and its proper form have been deeply embedded in national policy, law and political rhetoric. Legislators and judges have envisioned and enforced their preferred model of consensual, lifelong monogamy - a model derived from Christian tenets and the English common law that posits the husband as provider and the wife as dependent. In early confrontations with Native Americans, emancipated slaves, Mormon polygamists and immigrant spouses, through the invention of the New Deal, federal income tax, and welfare programmes, the federal government consistently influenced the shape of marriages. And even the immense social and legal changes of the last third of the 20th century have not unravelled official reliance on marriage as a "pillar of state". By excluding some kinds of marriages and encouraging others, marital policies have helped to sculpt the nation's citizenry, as well as its moral and social standards, and have directly affected national understandings of gender roles and racial difference. "Public Vows" is a panoramic view of marriage's political history, revealing the national government's profound role in our most private of choices. No one who reads this book will think of marriage in the same way again.

William Q. Judge, T. Douglas, Ali M. Kutan

Steven L. Burg, Paul S. Shoup

J. Hacker

T. Sarkar

R. Posner

Rogério Gesta Leal, Denise Bittencourt Friedrich

O ensaio trata do tema que envolve a polêmica Resolução n. 22.585/2007, do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, verificando em que medida ela viola Direitos Fundamentais Civis e Políticos da Cidadania e dos Partidos Políticos brasileiros.

M. Dickemann