Hasil untuk "Hungary"

Jeffrey Levine, Csilla Csukonyi, Michael Wagner et al.

Krisztina Napsugár Nagy, Csilla Evelin Károlyi, László Bakacsy

Abstract This study examined the ecological impact of the invasive shrub Amorpha fruticosa in marsh meadows and assessed the effectiveness of combined conservation management practices, i.e., mowing and cattle grazing, in on restoring native vegetation. Conducted in the Mártély Landscape Protection Area (Hungary), the research used a multiscale approach to compare treated non-invaded and treated invaded wetland vegetation. Information theory-based diversity metrics were employed to evaluate the impact of A. fruticosa on structural complexity and species composition. Results revealed that although A. fruticosa can significantly altered plant community structure, the implemented management strategies effectively reduced its impact. The treated invaded vegetation exhibited diversity levels compareable to native marshland communities, suggesting that mowing and grazing contributed to decreasing A. fruticose dominance. However, in the absence of untreated control stands, this pattern must be interpreted cautiously, as the observed similarity could be conclusively attributed to the applied management alone. A slight, but non-significant shift in structural diversity was also observed, implying a residual effect of invasion. This study underscores the value of active, combined conservation strategies in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem resilience in wetland habitats. The results contribute to broader discussions on invasive species control, emphasizing the role of traditional land-use practices in mitigating the ecological effects of biological invasions.

Dániel Szabó, András Jung, Zsófia Varga et al.

The Daily Light Integral (DLI) maps of Portugal are decision-support tools to provide objective assessments of light availability for plants. These maps allow for the analysis of the spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm). A semi-automatic DLI mapping workflow was elaborated and DLI maps with two different scales (2 and 5 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹) were created for Portugal’s mainland, analyzing from regional (Northern regions, Central regions, Southern regions) and seasonal (Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter) perspectives. The DLI values and ranges in Portugal provide a clear spatial gradient from north to south, influenced by geographic location, topography, and climate. In autumn, the DLI values decrease (11–41 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹) and the lowest DLI values are observed in the winter months (7–17 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹). During spring, DLI values increase, reaching their peak in the summer months (41–57 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹). In autumn the DLI range is narrow (11–13 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹), as well as in winter (8–12 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹), and it becomes broader during spring and summer (11–14 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹). To enhance agricultural practices, future DLI maps should be integrated with agro-climatic maps and thematic layers such as soil, water, topography, temperature, and biodiversity. These integrated maps should then be incorporated into agricultural policy and decision-making to improve crop management strategies. Portugal’s agricultural lighting strategy will utilize DLI maps alongside crop-specific recommendations, shading management, local conditions and market demands.

Mihály Katona, Tamás Orosz

Innovative technological solutions have become increasingly critical in addressing the transportation sector’s environmental impact. Passenger vehicles present an opportunity to introduce novel drivetrain solutions that can quickly penetrate the electric vehicle market due to their shorter development time and lifetime compared to commercial vehicles. As environmental policy pressure increases and customers demand more sustainable products, shifting from a linear business approach to a circular economy model is in prospect. The new generation of economically competitive machines must be designed with a restorative intention, considering future reuse, refurbishment, remanufacture, and recycling possibilities. This review investigates the market penetration possibilities of permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines for mini and small-segment electric vehicles, considering the urban environment and sustainability aspects of the circular economy model. When making changes to the materials used in an electric machine, it is crucial to evaluate their potential impact on efficiency while keeping the environmental impact of those materials in mind. The indirect ecological effect of the vehicle’s use phase may outweigh the reduction in manufacturing and recycling at its end-of-life. Therefore, thoroughly analysing the materials used in the design process is necessary to ensure maximum efficiency while minimising the environmental impact.

Zoltán Kupihár, Györgyi Ferenc, Vencel L. Petrovicz et al.

Oligonucleotide conjugates are versatile scaffolds that can be applied in DNA-based screening platforms and ligand display or as therapeutics. Several different chemical approaches are available for functionalizing oligonucleotides, which are often carried out on the 5′ or 3′ end. Modifying oligonucleotides in the middle of the sequence opens the possibility to ligate the conjugates and create DNA strands bearing multiple different ligands. Our goal was to establish a complete workflow that can be applied for such purposes from monomer synthesis to templated ligation. To achieve this, a monomer is required with an orthogonal functional group that can be incorporated internally into the oligonucleotide sequence. This is followed by conjugation with different molecules and ligation with the help of a complementary template. Here, we show the synthesis and the application of a thiol-modified thymidine nucleoside phosphoramidite to prepare ligatable oligonucleotide conjugates. The conjugations were performed both in solution and on solid phase, resulting in conjugates that can be assembled into multivalent oligonucleotides decorated with tissue-targeting peptides using templated ligation.

Morteza Yazdani, Anita Barta, Anasztázia Hetényi et al.

Pholiols L-S (<b>1</b>–<b>8</b>), eight undescribed triterpenes were isolated from the sporocarps of the mushroom <i>Pholiota populnea</i>. Various chromatographic techniques, such as open column chromatography, flash chromatography, gel filtration, preparative thin layer chromatography, and HPLC, were applied to purify the compounds. The structure elucidation was carried out by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D (¹H NMR and ¹³C JMOD) and 2D NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and HRESIMS experiments. The isolated compounds had lanostane (<b>1</b>–<b>7</b>) or trinorlanostane (<b>8</b>) skeletons; all of them were substituted with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl group or its 6-methyl ester. Five compounds (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>4</b>, <b>6</b>, and <b>8</b>) were investigated for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in vitro by MTT assay on breast cancer (MCF-7), human colon adenocarcinoma (sensitive Colo 205, and resistant Colo 320), non-small cell lung cancer (A549), and human embryonic lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell lines. Pholiols M (<b>2</b>) and O (<b>4</b>) showed antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 cell line with IC₅₀ of 2.48 and 9.95 µM, respectively. These compounds displayed tumor cell selectivity on MCF-7 cells with SI values of >40 (<b>2</b>) and 4.3 (<b>4</b>), but they did not show a cytotoxic effect, proving their action exclusively on tumor cell proliferation. Pholiols L (<b>1</b>) and Q (<b>8</b>) were found to have selective cytotoxicity on drug resistant cells in comparison to their effects on Colo320 and Colo205 cells [relative resistance values 0.84 (<b>1</b>) and 0.62 (<b>8</b>)].

Bacho Bitari Khuroshvili

The article aims to understand, analyze, and explain the evolution of the understanding of public administration from the perspectives of political science, management and law. The paper begins to study public administration from its classical type, where three perspectives of it are studied synthetically, as well as its potential as an independent administrative science. The article answers why and how the field is considered, even at the level of defining the concept of public administration and how it differs from management, law and political science. Additionally, the work demonstrates the visions expressed by such authors as Max Weber, Woodrow Wilson, Frank Goodnow, Leonard White, Herbert A. Simon, Luther Gulick and Dwight Waldo.

Imre Ferenc Barna, Mihály András Pocsai, László Mátyás

We investigate a hydrodynamic equation system which—with some approximation—is capable of describing the tsunami propagation in the open ocean with the time-dependent self-similar Ansatz. We found analytic solutions of how the wave height and velocity behave in time and space for constant and linear seabed functions. First, we study waves on open water, where the seabed can be considered relatively constant, sufficiently far from the shore. We found original shape functions for the ocean waves. In the second part of the study, we also consider a seabed which is oblique. Most of the solutions can be expressed with special functions. Finally, we apply the most common traveling wave Ansatz and present relative simple, although instructive solutions as well.

S. N. Miroshnikov

This article features the special position that Poland and Hungary demonstrate towards the national government institutions and civil rights. The research objective was to describe the internal transformation and adaptation processes of Hungarian and Polish societies to the European concept of acquis communautaire, as well as the tensions between these two countries and the older EU members. This special position can be explained by the growing sentiments of national pride and identity. The social and economic achievements that happened aſter the 1990s allowed these states to increase the quality of life, and their citizens are not willing to give up on their identity to accommodate the demands of the European Union. For instance, people of Poland and Hungary saw a certain threat to their identity in the pressure from Brussels to welcome migrants from the Middle East, whom they could not accept on the mental and religious levels. Another threat was the Brussels’ pursuit to make Poland and Hungary accept sexual minorities in a very short timeframe, despite the fact that this process took Western Europe several centuries. Considering that the church had a very negative attitude to both issues, certain political parties managed to seize the power. They suppressed the freedom of speech, denied the independence of the judicial power, and challenged Brussels.

Lipko-Godlewska S, Bolanča Ž, Kalinová L et al.

Sylwia Lipko-Godlewska,1 Željana Bolanča,2,3 Lucie Kalinov&aacute;,4 Irēna Kermen,5 Boris Onisak,6 Ildik&oacute; Papp,7 Margarita Rebrov,8 Greta Valančienė9 1Private Practice, Cracow, Poland; 2University Clinical Hospital Center &ldquo;Sestre Milosrdnice&rdquo;, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Private Clinic Milojević, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Nemocnice Bulovka, Praha, Czech Republic; 5Private Practice, Riga, Latvia; 6Nobilis, Maribor, Slovenia; 7Koruti Orvosesztetikai Centrum, Budapest, Hungary; 8East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia; 9Private Practice, Kaunas, LithuaniaCorrespondence: Sylwia Lipko-GodlewskaPrivate Practice, 30th Kasztelanska St., No. 2, Cracow, 30-116, PolandTel +48 660 483 865Email sgodlewska@gmail.comAbstract: The use of hyaluronic acid fillers in aesthetic medicine has changed over the years and the procedure became one of the most common in the world. Understanding the ageing process of the face and the anatomical interrelationships in the face have dramatically influenced the use of the hyaluronic acid fillers and the assessment of the patient. It was supported by a new technology of products and by the delivery of tools (eg, blunt cannulas), face imaging, and innovative injection techniques. The whole-face approach challenges the practitioner to look at the face as a whole, and the patient to trust and rely on the treatment plan. Over the years, we have understood, that the most important outcome of aesthetic procedures is what does the whole face look like not static but in motion, and how do people read emotions from it. Nowadays, the result changes &ldquo;the face information&rdquo; and makes aesthetic procedures more satisfactory. In this manuscript, we reviewed essentials of the current treatment approach including patient&rsquo;s consultations, product selection and injection techniques used in different parts of the face. One size fits none; thus, we provided a general overview of hyaluronic acid fillers used in different indications and presented several treatment approaches to each region of the face.Keywords: hyaluronic acid, whole-face approach, aesthetic medicine

M. Krupa

Introduction One of the most recent topics in addictive disorders is videogame-use disorder which is continuously under research, especially in adolescents. The specific structure of digital games (immortality, infinity, etc.) can sensitize adolescents to the development of problematic use. The number of researches about problematic video game use has increased significantly during the last decade. In 2013, this problem was included among “Disorders requiring further research” in DSM-5, and it was also included in ICD-11 as a separate diagnostic category in 2019. Objectives We review studies investigating the association between the co-occurrence of ADHD and video game use in adolescents. We attempt to summarize new theoretical approaches to video game use disorder and the areas of present research. Methods We conducted a literature search in 4 databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science) using keywords (ADHD, adolescents, video game use disorder, internet addiction, game addiction) over the past 5 years. Exclusion criteria were the following: publication date before 2014, adult population, or comorbidity beside ADHD. Results The comorbidity of video game use disorder and ADHD was frequent. Primarily cross-sectional studies examined the presence of hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsivity symptoms separately. The presence of attention deficit clearly showed an association with the development of video game use disorder. Conclusions Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD have a greater possibility of developing video game use disorder and/or problematic psychoactive substance users. More attention should be paid to this comorbidity in not only the diagnostic process, but also in the development of prevention programs. Disclosure No significant relationships.

István Dobozi

Conceptually, the Trump administration’s mercantilist trade policy, which narrowly focuses on the balance of trade in goods, is deeply flawed, ignoring the deeper macroeconomic fundamentals of the structural deficit, namely America’s broad savings-investment gap. If macroeconomic conditions remain unchanged, tariff protection vis-a-vis China will not significantly reduce the overall US trade deficit, it will only alter its geographical structure. In terms of broader economic relations, the US has no deficit but a surplus with China. America is paying a high price for the trade war it has started. Damages extend to the world trading system through disruption of global value chains, disregarding WTO rules, and the proliferation of unilateral and discriminatory trade policies. The United States, through trade, investment and technology strategy, has set about to contain China’s rise. Therefore, lasting trade peace between Washington and Beijing should not be expected anytime soon.

A.M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam et al.

Differential Higgs boson (H) production cross sections are sensitive probes for physics beyond the standard model. New physics may contribute in the gluon-gluon fusion loop, the dominant Higgs boson production mechanism at the LHC, and manifest itself through deviations from the distributions predicted by the standard model. Combined spectra for the H→γγ, H→ZZ, and H→bb‾ decay channels and the inclusive Higgs boson production cross section are presented, based on proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at s=13TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb−1. The transverse momentum spectrum is used to place limits on the Higgs boson couplings to the top, bottom, and charm quarks, as well as its direct coupling to the gluon field. No significant deviations from the standard model are observed in any differential distribution. The measured total cross section is 61.1±6.0(stat)±3.7(syst)pb, and the precision of the measurement of the differential cross section of the Higgs boson transverse momentum is improved by about 15% with respect to the H→γγ channel alone. Keywords: Differential cross sections, Combination, Higgs boson coupling modifiers

Sándor Koczor, Ferenc Szentkirályi, Miklós Tóth

Abstract Green lacewings (Chrysopidae) are important predators of many soft-bodied pest insects, for instance aphids. Previous studies reported attraction of Chrysoperla carnea species-complex to a ternary floral bait. The larvae of these lacewings are important generalist predators in agroecosystems, however adults are non-predatory, they feed on pollen, nectar or honeydew. Squalene, a plant originated compound was previously reported to be attractive to the nearctic Chrysopa nigricornis. In the current study squalene was tested alone and in combination with the ternary bait in field experiments in Hungary. In our experiments, traps baited with squalene attracted predatory males of Chrysopa formosa. Traps baited with squalene and the ternary floral bait attracted adults of both C. formosa and C. carnea complex lacewings. To our knowledge this is the first report of a bait combination attractive to both Chrysoperla and Chrysopa species. This finding is of special interest considering the remarkably different feeding habits of the adults of these lacewings. Potential perspectives in biological control are discussed.

N. M. Vorobets, M. V. Kryvtsova, O. Y. Rivis et al.

Developed experimental assays enable us to compare the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicinal drugs on Lactobacillus and Bacillus strains probiotics, which have been claimed to possess the ability of suppressing the growth of various oral pathogens. In the treatment of periodontal disease it is advisable to use a comprehensive approach which would include the application of herbal remedies and probiotics. The combination of such effects may be a new approach in dentistry due to their complementary antimicrobial activity. In this study, we researched antimicrobial effects of herbal medicinal drugs (tinctures of some medical plants, solutions Rotocanum and Chlorophyllipt) against collection strains and clinical strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis, and probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis UKM В-5007 and Bacillus licheniformis UKM В-5514 that are part of the active base of probiotic Biosporin (Ukraine), Bacillus clausii from the probiotic Normaflore (Hungary), as well as the strains Lactobacillus spp. – from probiotic Lactobacterinum (Biopharma, Ukraine). For investigation, the standard agar dilution method was used in modification with glass cylinders. The results of the research showed that among the studied herbal medicinal remedies, tinctures of Eucalypthus viminalis, Mentha piperita and Chlorophyllipt had the strongest antimicrobial activity. Probiotic strains are also sensitive to herbal tinctures (except the tinctura of wormwood), which indicate the possibility of only consecutive usage (with an interval of time) of herbal remedies and probiotics in combination therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases.

A. Csősz, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, V. Csákyová et al.

The ancient Hungarians originated from the Ural region in today’s central Russia and migrated across the Eastern European steppe, according to historical sources. The Hungarians conquered the Carpathian Basin 895–907 AD, and admixed with the indigenous communities. Here we present mitochondrial DNA results from three datasets: one from the Avar period (7th–9th centuries) of the Carpathian Basin (n = 31); one from the Hungarian conquest-period (n = 76); and a completion of the published 10th–12th century Hungarian-Slavic contact zone dataset by four samples. We compare these mitochondrial DNA hypervariable segment sequences and haplogroup results with published ancient and modern Eurasian data. Whereas the analyzed Avars represents a certain group of the Avar society that shows East and South European genetic characteristics, the Hungarian conquerors’ maternal gene pool is a mixture of West Eurasian and Central and North Eurasian elements. Comprehensively analyzing the results, both the linguistically recorded Finno-Ugric roots and historically documented Turkic and Central Asian influxes had possible genetic imprints in the conquerors’ genetic composition. Our data allows a complex series of historic and population genetic events before the formation of the medieval population of the Carpathian Basin, and the maternal genetic continuity between 10th–12th century and modern Hungarians.

Sipos, Mária

In the present paper the grammaticalization processes concerning the North Khanty lexeme meaning ’place’ will be presented. The resulting nominalizer fits well into the nominalizing techniques observed among numerous (Uralic and Turkic) languages of the North Siberian region. Probably due to its extensive nominalizing function, it tends to appear in constructions in which its presence is not necessary from a syntactic point of view. All this was impossible to investigate on the basis of the texts, mainly of folklore genres, that were available earlier, consequently, the phenomenon was unknown even in Ostjakology. The nominalizer in question exhibits mixed features from a morphological point of view, it cannot be classified either as a typical derivational or a typical inflexional suffix. *** Az alábbiakban az északi hanti ’hely’ jelentésű lexémát érintő grammatikalizációs folyamatokat mutatom be. Az ennek során létrejövő nominalizátor tipikus képviselője a nyugat-szibériai areál számos (uráli és török) nyelvére jellemző gyakorlatnak. Nominalizáló szerepe annyira kiterjedt és sokrétű, hogy feltehetőleg analógiásan olyan helyekre is behatol, ahol szintaktikalag nem lenne szükséges. Mindez a korábban rendelkezésre álló, főként folklór műfajok alapján nem volt kutatható, így ennek az elemnek a jelentőségéről az obugrisztikának korábban nem volt tudomása. A létrejött morfológiai elem vegyes tulajdonságokat mutat, sem képzőnek, sem pedig jelnek nem tekinthetjük.

Schmelz, R. M., Beylich, A. , Boros, G. et al.

During the 12th International Symposium on Enchytraeidae, held in Tihany, Hungary (27–29 June 2016), the participants discussed cryptic species, i.e., species that are morphologically so similar that they are classified as the same species (Bickford et al. 2007), and how to deal with them taxonomically. Here we summarise the discussion together with a few additional comments, and we give recommendations for species descriptions in Enchytraeidae.

Papp Tekla

Timeshare agreement is a contract that aims to the acquisition of the right to use an accommodation for a period of time on a rotating basis and according to this agreement the consumer, in return for consideration, directly or indirectly acquires the right from the marketer for more than one year to use one or more properties repeatedly for recreation or housing aims for a definite period of time. As for the characteristics of the right of utilization acquired by timeshare agreement, from the aspect of using this right, there is the direct and indirect type: in the first case apart from the title nothing is needed in order to use timeshare, but in the latter case a legal instrument (e.g. membership in an organization) must be applied beside the title in order to live with the right of utilization (the right of utilization is attached to the mentioned legal instrument). The direct right of utilization can be considered as right in rem, contract law and it can be special right of use. The economy prefers the character of right in rem of the timeshare because it is attached to the quality characters (value) of that thing as an article in use. During the regulation of timeshare agreements in Europe the protection of the consumer came into the limelight (see: Scandinavian countries, Benelux states, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Montenegro, Romania, Czech Republic, Italy) or the market and tax law aspect became important (see: Greece, Portugal, Spain, France). There is a chaotic situation of timeshare in Europe: similarly to the Hungarian legal situation, in many other European states the private law must face challenges considering the right of use acquired by timeshare agreement, only few countries make a stand for only one legal solution.

I. Boncz, T. Evetovits, C. Dózsa et al.