Hasil untuk "History (General) and history of Europe"

Carlos Pérez Wic, Pablo Cavero López, Elvira Rodríguez Tenorio et al.

El creciente impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en los entornos educativos hace necesario comprender cómo su implementación influye en la satisfacción laboral del profesorado, especialmente cuando intervienen factores personales que pueden modular dicha experiencia. En este marco, el estudio se plantea analizar de qué manera variables sociodemográficas como el género y la edad condicionan la satisfacción laboral docente asociada al uso de IA, atendiendo a posibles diferencias en la forma en que el profesorado percibe e incorpora estas tecnologías en su práctica diaria. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario a 51 docentes con el fin de comparar las percepciones entre hombres y mujeres e identificar posibles diferencias según distintos rangos de edad. El análisis confirma diferencias significativas según el género, siendo los hombres quienes reportan mayor satisfacción, mientras que la edad no constituye un factor determinante. Este estudio evidencia la necesidad de políticas formativas inclusivas que reduzcan brechas y favorezcan una integración equilibrada de la IA en la práctica docente.

Aleksandr Sergeevich Kozlov

This review reveals the meaning, content, and main advantages and disadvantages of a unique bibliographic compendium presenting scholarly materials concerning the Res Gestae (Acts), i.e. works of Ammianus Marcellinus, the greatest historian of late Antiquity. The article demonstrates that the structure of the bibliography, segmented chronologically within the framework of 1474–2016, allows a specialist not only to obtain information about the Res Gestae and their epoch needed for research, but also demonstrates several features of the development of research based on this historical source for the first time in historiography. Based on the bibliography created by F. Jenkins, it is possible to identify a special increase in the interest of historians and philologists in Ammianus’ work, to the works of his contemporaries and epigones, which, in turn, makes it possible to see new sides in the development of historiography of sociocultural processes of the fourth and fifth centuries. The author’s scrupulousness as a bibliographer is noteworthy, and so it is as an expert on the main historiographical trends for several centuries when the work of Ammianus was published and studied.

M. Bruze, M. Engfeldt, P. Elsner et al.

In a European study on contact allergy in the general population, it has been hypothesized that the combination of contact allergy to a fragrance together with a history indicating dermatitis at exposure and thereafter subsequent avoidance of scented products implied a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.

Irena Grebtsova, Maryna Kovalska

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The history of individual scientific disciplines cannot be understood outside the context of the development of science altogether, therefore the authors paid attention to the change of scientific paradigms in the period under the study. It is noted that reforms in the field of education and the development of European historical knowledge have become the main components of the formation of historians, who, with their scientific activities at the theoretical and practical levels, contributed to the development of the special historical disciplines. The article reveals a gradual increase in the number of courses taught at the historical department of the Faculty of History and Philology, in which teachers used the opportunity to teach students to work with various types and kinds of sources. The authors examine the contribution of the historians of Odesa in the XIX – early XX century in the process of institutionalization of historical disciplines, in the formation of a complex of special historical disciplines, which resulted in the actualization of their scientific works in subsequent years. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the professors of the departments of general and Russian history, with their teaching and scientific activities, laid the foundations of source criticism as a special scientific discipline, raising theoretical problems in their lecture courses, and at the training workshops, teaching students how to work with sources in practical terms.

Ignacio Rodríguez Temiño, Ana Yáñez

Michele Bellomo

Le guerre civili del 68‐69 segnarono uno spartiacque nella storia dell’impero romano. Sebbene generate da movimenti di ribellione scaturiti in alcune delle province più importanti dell’impero, esse conobbero il loro epilogo finale in Italia settentrionale, e in particolar modo presso la comunità di Bedriacum, dove furono combattute le due battaglie decisive. Il presente lavoro si prefigge di analizzare che impatto ebbero questi scontri sulle comunità locali e in che modo queste ultime parteciparono attivamente (o passivamente) alle fasi più acute della lunga guerra civile. In particolare, vengono ripercorse le vicende del consolare di origine milanese L. Verginio Rufo, che rifiutò in ben due occasioni la porpora imperiale, dei soldati di origine transpadana che militarono negli eserciti impegnati nella regione, e della città di Cremona, che proprio a causa della sua discussa lealtà venne distrutta a termine di questo longus et unus annus.

Javiera Robles Recabarren

En el presente artículo se propone abordar la contribución de las mujeres comunistas durante el período de la “Política de rebelión popular de masas” del Partido Comunista de Chile. Atendiendo a la ausencia historiografica sobre el estudio de las mujeres comunistas en Chile, serán analizadas fuentes orales de antiguas militantes del partido y su brazo armado, el Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez, como también de los  organismos de derechos humanos, sindicatos y organizaciones populares.

Léa Renucci

The academy of Arcadia, founded in Rome in October 1690, spread throughout the Italian Peninsula by the creation of local settlements linked to the Roman academy, and named colonia, as well as by the reunion of more than 9600 members during the 18th century. This unique institutional configuration encouraged its members to participate in academic life from a distance and to exchange letters with Rome. This article thus aims to interrogate the formation of this academic group through epistolary writing: examining epistolarity is a way to study the « work » of the academic group from a distance and the cases of conflict and tension that reinforce its identity. The epistolary archives of the Arcadia, held in the Angelica Library in Rome, are the main source for this study.

M. Domínguez-Amorós, P. Aparicio-Chueca

Low levels of Physical Activity (PA) and sedentarism are associated with the onset of different pathologies and health problems. Regular physical activity has been linked with being beneficial to the health of the general population. Within this framework of analysis, the aim of the present study was to analyze the association between the time spent doing physical activity and the expressed motives for doing so, from which the innovative aspect of the paper emerges: the use of the time spent doing PA as a study variable of the phenomenon. The data analyzed come from the latest special Eurobarometer survey about the sport and physical activity done in Europe. Using an exploratory factorial analysis and a structural equations model, a six-dimensional factorial model was found that explains the reasons for doing PA, demonstrating that there is no relationship between the reasons for and time spent doing PA. The motivation is not a variable that explains the time spent doing PA, and another type of variable must be used to explain the phenomenon if PA is to be incentivized. Weaknesses of the study are that it works with individuals as a group and that the fundamental dependence on age is not introduced, which could determine interest in practicing PA. Similarly, the impact of the conditions of implementing PA, education, and family history should also be introduced into the model.

Per-Åke Rosvall, K. Ledman, Mattias Nylund et al.

ABSTRACT Surges of migration into Sweden and other European countries have raised needs to adjust civic education to provide Bernsteinian pedagogic rights of enhancement, participation and inclusion, both generally and in VET specifically. However, associated issues have received little research attention even in countries with colonial histories and longer traditions of immigration and non-native ethnic minorities. Moreover, most published empirical studies on race and ethnicity issues in VET have had Anglophone settings. Thus, research in other contexts is needed to broaden understanding and distinguish between general and context-specific aspects. This article addresses gaps in knowledge of the construction and significance of race and ethnicity in VET, particularly in Swedish contexts. First, it examines how critical understandings of being an immigrant, immigration and ethnicity are constructed in pedagogic practices in Swedish VET programmes, then analyses students’ and teachers’ discussion of these issues. Content related to immigration and ethnicity was sparse in monitored VET classes, but the presence of immigrants increased instances of both spontaneous and planned content. We conclude that pedagogic practices do not reflect the large increase in numbers of students in Swedish schools with immigrant backgrounds, and greater intercultural awareness is needed to safeguard their pedagogic and general democratic rights.

Олена Миколаївна Берегова

Purpose of the article is to study the international music festival "Kyiv Music Fest" on the basis of analysis of festival programs, press materials and scientific sources in the aspect of the diversity of forms and ways of presenting the Polish musical culture in order to find out the current state and prospects of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the field of musical art. The methodology of the research is to apply a historical, analytical, statistical, systematic, comparative and generalization methodology of the international music festival "Kyiv Music Fest" as a unique, first in the history of the development of the Ukrainian academic musical art festival site for presentation as a contemporary Ukrainian composer's work, using a multidisciplinary approach and musical performances, as well as national musical cultures of Europe and the world. Scientific Novelty. The novelty of the study is to analyze the international music festival "Kyiv Music Fest" as a dynamic processual artistic phenomenon in the aspect of Ukrainian-Polish cultural relations, as well as to highlight the creative achievements of Polish composers and performers through the diversity of personalities, artistic forms, creative methods, musical genres presented at the festival. Conclusions. During the almost 30-year history of the Kyiv Music Fest, Poland's presence in it took place in various forms and evolved from the performance of individual works of Polish composers in general chamber, choral and symphonic concerts or performances by individual Polish performers to author concerts, master workshops, lecture-concerts and significant thematic concert programs from works by Polish composers performed by leading musical groups. The deployment of Polish institutions supporting cultural projects in Ukraine is evidence of positive trends in Poland's state cultural policy aimed at the active promotion of a national cultural product abroad. The initiative for the performance of works by Polish composers at the festival most often belonged to Ukrainian performers and collectives, which underlines the numerous and diverse connections of musicians of Ukraine and Poland. The examples of the brightest and most representatives of the 1990-2000s show the most current state of Polish musical culture as examples and show broad prospects for Ukrainian-Polish cultural cooperation.

V. V. Koblosh

У статті розкрито один із важливих здобутків вітчизняного ґрунтознавства у 30-х рр. ХХ ст. – створення класифікації і номенклатури ґрунтів України. Із застосуванням у дослідженні принципів об’єктивності, історизму, а також власне історичних методів (проблемно-хронологічного, персоніфікації, біографічного та ін.) з’ясовано, що нову типологізацію ґрунтів було розроблено на основі творчих напрацювань співробітників Українського НДІ соціалістичного землеробства, зокрема і професора Н.Б. Вернандер. У представленій характеристиці типів ґрунтів превалюють фактори ґрунтотворного процесу, географічний чинник, а також частково фізико-хімічні властивості ґрунтів. Узагальнено рекомендації науковців стосовно способів раціонального використання та покращення родючості ґрунтів.

Maarten van den Bos

Maike Herrmann, Nicole Henning‐Lucass, Mathilde Cordellier et al.

Antônio Luiz Miranda, Samira Peruchi Moretto

A expressão “movimento social”, como afirma Peter Burke, passou a ser empregada a partir da década de 1950 por sociólogos americanos e entrou para o campo da História com Eric Hobsbawm na obra Rebeldes e Primitivos, de 1959. Desencadeou, a partir daí, uma série de estudos envolvendo antropólogos, sociólogos e historiadores.1 O XVI Encontro Estadual de História promovido pela ANPUH-SC ocorreu no mês de junho de 2016, na cidade de Chapecó, no Campus da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul – UFFS. A universidade foi criada em 2010 após uma grande mobilização dos movimentos sociais da região. A ANPUH-SC, para homenagear esses movimentos, decidiu como tema para o XVI Encontro: “História e Movimentos Sociais”. A temática acabou atraindo vários pesquisadores que estão dedicando seus estudos sobre o assunto, muitos militantes dos movimentos sociais, principalmente ligados ao campo, que também participaram efetivamente do evento. Destaca-se a participação do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), com apresentação musical fruto de um projeto de extensão desenvolvido pela UFFS junto ao movimento. O Encontro de História ocorreu em meio a uma grande efervescência política e social no país, como a luta contra o golpe jurídico parlamentar, a luta contra a perda de direitos, desenvolvida pela a mais vasta gama de movimentos sociais. Desta forma, a temática “História e Movimentos Sociais” acabou ganhando ainda mais relevância. Nesse sentido, optamos em desenvolver esse número da revista Fronteiras com o Dossiê História e Movimentos Sociais, aproveitando assim a emergência do tema para a atualidade em que nos encontramos. O presente número inicia com o artigo de Paulo Pinheiro Machado “História e movimentos sociais: a vida, a História e a Democracia” – que foi a conferência de abertura do evento – e destaca os movimentos camponeses no sul do Brasil, relacionando com os aspectos da democracia brasileira e como esses temas são tratados no campo da História. Alexandre Assis Tomporoski contextualiza o movimento do Contestado com a concentração fundiária na região. Esta tem sua origem no século XIX e permanece até os dias atuais. A expansão colonizadora na região oeste de Santa Catarina e a relação com os povos indígenas é analisada por Wilmar R. D'Angelis. A atuação de Vitorino Condá, o Indio Condá, (hoje na 1 BURKE, Peter. História e Teoria Social, 2ªed. São Paulo, UNESP, 2012. Pag. 142. 5 memória da cidade de Chapecó, com nome de rua, rádio e estádio de futebol), demonstra como elementos indígenas se envolveram no processo. A guerra civil ocorrida entre 1835 e 1845 no Sul do Brasil, que ganhou o nome de Revolução Farroupilha, é tratada no artigo de Anderson Marcelo Schmitt. O autor analisa, a partir de uma exaustiva pesquisa documental, as relações cotidianas no período pensando a maneira especial de comportamento das pessoas comuns em meio ao conflito. Mateus Gamba Torres, no artigo “Movimento estudantil e resistência: Recurso ordinário criminal, AI-5 e a luta dos estudantes da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas de Botucatu-SP”, analisa como os julgados da época, 1970, pretendiam um discurso de neutralidade jurídica sob o regime de exceção da ditadura militar após a implementação do Ato Institucional número 5. “O preto feiticeiro Sete Cabeças: a circularidade de crenças e religiosidades na sociedade escravista do século XIX” é o artigo de Paulo Roberto Ataudt Moreira. Estuda o cotidiano da sociedade portoalegrense do século XIX utilizando os processos criminais como fonte. Para o autor, “os autos de corpo de delito podem fornecer-nos aspectos da cultura religiosa em sua materialidade”. Este número ainda conta com uma entrevista com o historiador José Augusto Pádua, nome de referência nos estudos de História Ambiental, dentro e fora do país. Na entrevista, Pádua conta sua trajetória acadêmica, sua atuação junto ao Greenpeace, assim como aponta questões latentes sobre a importância dos estudos sobre o meio natural. Por fim, este número da revista é encerrado com a resenha “Uma Martinha vale uma Lucrécia?”, onde Fernando Vorjniak aponta como Raquel Campos traz uma abordagem inovadora, acerca de Machado de Assis, das interpretações sociais dos historiadores e críticos literários que subordinaram a especificidade da literatura machadiana a um princípio de identidade nacional. Desejamos aos todos uma excelente e produtiva leitura.

Ilona Pajari

Máximo Diago Hernando

Contribution to the study of the evolution of the profitability of the transhumant sheeprearing enterprises in the Crown of Castile during the six -teenth century, from the point of view of the influence exercised upon it by the evolution of the wool market. The author annalyses a very diversified, fragmentary and dispersed group of sources referred to the region of Soria. Besides the available information about profits and losses of some transhumant sheeprearing enterprises, he takes into account the available information about wool prices during the second half of the sixteenth century, and he establishes some connexions between this information and other signs that inform about the evolution of the profitability of these interprises. He arrives to the conclusion that, according to the information available for the region of Soria, we cannot admit that the period of economic difficulties for the transhumant sheeprearing enterprises started before the decade of 1570, because the decade of 1560 was still a very prosperous one for them.

T. Evans, S. Kumschick, Ellie E. Dyer et al.

Invasive alien species can have serious adverse impacts on both the environment and the economy. Being able to predict the impacts of an alien species could assist in preventing or reducing these impacts. This study aimed to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with the impacts of alien birds across two continents, Europe and Australia, as a first step toward identifying life history traits that may have the potential to be adopted as predictors of alien bird impacts. A recently established impact scoring system was used in combination with a literature review to allocate impact scores to alien bird species with self-sustaining populations in Australia. These scores were then tested for correlation with a series of life history traits. The results were compared to data from a previous study in Europe, undertaken using the same methodology, in order to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with impact across both continents. Habitat generalism was the only life history trait found to be consistently correlated with impact in both Europe and Australia. This trait shows promise as a potential predictor of alien bird impacts. The results support the findings of previous studies in this field, and could be used to inform decisions regarding the prevention and management of future invasions.

Sami Lakomäki

Weaving Indian and Euro-American histories together in this groundbreaking book, Sami Lakomaki places the Shawnee people, and Native peoples in general, firmly at the center of American history. The book covers nearly three centuries, from the years leading up to the Shawnees' first European contacts to the post--Civil War era, and demonstrates vividly how the interactions between Natives and newcomers transformed the political realities and ideas of both groups. Examining Shawnee society and politics in new depth, and introducing not only charismatic warriors like Blue Jacket and Tecumseh but also other leaders and thinkers, Lakomaki explores the Shawnee people's debates and strategies for coping with colonial invasion. The author refutes the deep-seated notion that only European colonists created new nations in America, showing that the Shawnees, too, were engaged in nation building. With a sharpened focus on the creativity and power of Native political thought, Lakomaki provides an array of insights into Indian as well as American history.

J. Vallverdú-Poch, B. G. D. Soler, M. Vaquero et al.