Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Tatyana Shmeleva / Шмелева Татьяна Викторовна

The article offers an interpretation of the new cultural practice of celebrating the end of the working week with mass real and media actions. Their mass character allows us to talk about the formation of the cult of Friday. Attention is drawn to the youth of this practice, and it is emphasized that its social base is office workers, or "office plankton." From the standpoint of the semiotics of everyday life, the cult of Friday is interpreted as an element of festive traditions that are actively supported by modern media folklore – literature, which consists of crealized texts posted mainly on the Internet, but also in urban environments, the interiors of drinking establishments, etc. Marked by belonging to a modern laughing culture, this literature is analyzed in aspects of genre composition and precedent. Special attention is paid to the fact that the cult of Friday in question turns out to be opposed to the Soviet cult of labor with its glorification and glorification. В статье предлагается интерпретация новой культурной практики – отмечать завершение рабочей недели массовыми реальными и медийными действиями. Их массовость позволяет говорить о формировании культа пятницы. Обращается внимание на молодость такой практики, подчеркивается, что ее социальная база – офисные работники, или «офисный планктон». С позиций семиотики повседневности культ пятницы трактуется как элемент праздничных традиций, которые активно поддерживаются современным медийным фольклором – словесностью, которую составляют креолизованные тексты, размещенные главным образом в сети Интернет, но, кроме того, и в городской среде, интерьерах питейных заведений и т. д. Отмеченная принадлежностью к современной смеховой культуре, эта словесность анализируется в аспектах жанрового состава и прецедентности. Особое внимание уделяется тому обстоятельству, что рассматриваемый культ пятницы оказывается противопоставленным советскому культу труда с его героизацией и глорификацией.

Elena G. Dotsenko

The article concerns with the plays An Octoroon and Gloria by contemporary American playwright Branden Jacobs-Jenkins. The dramaturgy of one of the most notable authors, writing for the US theatre at the present time, is thematically varied; besides, it includes both Jacobs-Jenkins’ original works (e.g., Gloria, 2015) and his adaptations of plays by other authors and/or other epochs. Among the adaptations there is the most famous of Jacobs-Jenkins' plays so far — An Octoroon (2014), which is the author's treatment of 19th century melodrama The Octoroon (1859) by Anglo-Irish dramatist Dion Boucicault. Working with the play of the 19th century, which reveals the problems of slavery in a simplified, melodramatic form, allows the contemporary playwright to actualize the consideration of racial conflicts and to reconstruct/deconstruct the generic model of melodrama. The author of the article draws attention to the reception of the minstrel tradition in the play An Octoroon, both at the level of interaction of D. Boucicault's work with American minstrel show coinciding with it in time, and in connection with the comprehension and overcoming of the “minstrel archetypes” by B. Jacobs-Jenkins. The question of casting is very important to Jacobs-Jenkins, the playwright puts forward his requirements for ethnic conformity between actors and roles in his plays, and this brings together An Octoroon and Gloria, though the works are diverse in genre and subject matter. The cultural context for the works of the American playwright is, first of all, the drama and theater of the United States throughout their development. For further studies it also seems interesting to consider B. Jacobs-Jenkins’ plays in connection with folklore traditions or, e.g., in the context of sacred genres.

Chijioke Uwah, Priviledge Cheteni

The scourge of HIV/AIDS has continued unabated in most parts of Southern Africa despite the muted success achieved in the past two years. Thus, the threat of high HIV/AIDS remains a constant reality as the country remains top of the list in HIV/AIDs prevalence in the world. This paper examines the potential use of storytelling and other complementary cultural artifacts – an indigenous form of education that has served generations of indigenous Africans as an effective intervention tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS. A purposive sampling technique was used to sample 31 grade 12 learners in a high school. A narrative analysis was used, where six narrators (storytellers) who are living with HIV shared their life stories about the virus. The data was recorded and transcribed. A reflective thematic analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study point out that HIV storytelling campaigns can be used to enhance HIV awareness programmes.

A. J. Dalton

Abstract The article considers the claims of Western academics like Frayling (1992) that the literary vampire began with Polidori’s The Vampyre (1819). Crawford (2016) identifies a German literary vampire tradition existing one hundred years before Polidori, yet that work has strengthened Eurocentric claims concerning the literary vampire by academics like Bloom (2018). The article reviews Anatol’s (2022) challenge to the dominant position of Dracula in vampire criticism, Anatol identifying a literary tradition pre-dating Stoker, that tradition seeing the documenting of Caribbean vampire folklore by British colonialists/slave owners, travel writers and journalists. In sympathy with Anatol’s non-Eurocentric consideration, the article re-examines/disputes Western academia’s ‘mythology’ concerning the Villa Diodati (1816), when Lord Byron’s reading from the German Fantasmagoriana apparently inspired Polidori and Mary Shelley to write their novels. The article identifies an Ottoman literary tradition that directly influenced Byron’s 1813 poem ‘The Giaour’, his unfinished story ‘A Fragment’ (1819), and Stoker’s Dracula. The article explores Ottoman vampire (‘obur’) literature, starting with Celebi’s Book of Travels of 1666, which refers back to the fifteenth century ‘vampire fatwas’ in the Balkans under Ottoman rule. The article traces how the dominant Turkic languages of the region informed the proto-Albanian language, the ‘vampire’ (as both term and demonised ‘other’) entering Albanian folklore. The Ottoman empire declining, the rising Austro-Hungarian and then British empires appropriated the vampire westward, exoticising and demonising non-central Europeans. Finally, the article provides a post-colonial reading of Southey’s 1801 orientalist poem Thalaba the Destroyer, reading the first true ‘vampire’ in English literature.

Aisa O. Doleeva

Introduction. Oirat-language (Clear Script) sources have been cataloguized by A. G. Sazykin, V. L. Uspensky, N. S. Yakhontova, K. V. Orlova, D. N. Muzraeva, and others. The Mongolian Collection of the Gorky Scientific Library at St. Petersburg University is a most significant set of Clear Script books and manuscripts. Oirat manuscripts were delivered mainly from Kalmyk-inhabited steppes through the efforts of A. V. Popov, K. F. Golstunsky, A. M. Pozdneev, G. S. Lytkin who would repeatedly arrive in pursuit of scholarly research — to record folklore narratives and collect manuscripts. Goals. The article aims to introduce into scientific circulation a catalog of Oirat manuscripts compiled by G. S. Lytkin (1859–1860) and stored at the Gorky Scientific Library of St. Petersburg University, and attempts to trace correlations between the mentioned list and V. L. Uspensky’s catalogue of Mongolian manuscripts and woodcuts. Materials. The study deals with a total of nineteen Oirat-language sources supplemented with explanations and notes of the compiler. Results. The catalogue of G. S. Lytkin presents both canonical works, including ones translated by Ven. Zaya Pandita, and didactic, narrative, and ritual texts. The study reveals that V. L. Uspensky identifies no collection affiliation for some manuscripts included in G. S. Lytkin’s catalogue, while others are attributed by the former to collections of K. F. Golstunsky, A.V. Popov, A. M. Pozdneev, and Stepanov.

Ningyi Zhang, Sebastián Gómez-Lozano, Ross Armstrong, et al.

Accelerometers are tools specifically engineered for quantifying differences in force or acceleration over time, providing data regarding the magnitudes and frequency of movement. It could be utilized in the flamenco dance study field for monitoring the movement to reduce the risks of injuries or pain, as well as to give recommendations for making a reasonable and scientific training plan for dancers to improve their technique. The aim of this study is to introduce how to monitor flamenco dance movement with accelerometers, and suggestions for future studies. This study makes a detailed introduction from the following aspects: accelerometer selection, monitor use protocols, and data process and analysis.

Irina Vasilyevna Terentyeva, Lyubov Grigorevna Chumarova, Anastasia Viktorovna Fakhrutdinova et al.

The usage of national cultural peculiarities for university students, i.e. the native language (Russian and Tatar) folklore in teaching a foreign language at Kazan Federal University is considered. The research aimed to study the pedagogical potential of folklore of the native language in the training of future primary school teachers. The students of the 5th year of the Institute of Psychology and Education took part in the experiment. The work lasted for one year. The authors held the English language classes where they used the genres of the folklore (Russian and Tatar) for different educational purposes. The results of the study were the creation of some interesting exercises which helped students master their communicative skills, improve their pronunciation, grammar, and expand their vocabulary. The future primary school teachers actively participated in the research and creation of the exercises. Students were involved into the atmosphere of studying history and culture of the country they live in by reading, retelling, and analyzing fairy tales, myths, legends, baits. Translating folklore genres from their native language into a foreign one, students developed and improved their vocabulary, communication, and translation skills. According to the experience the future primary school teachers worked hard in self-development, they tried to find and use additional sources: dictionaries, literature, textbooks, encyclopedias and publications.

Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel, MacDonald Idu

Abstract Background Plant medicine was dated back for decades and has immensely contributed to the health care system in several countries. This present study evaluated in vitro antioxidant, anti-anaemic and biosafety properties of n-hexane leaf extract of Ipomoea batatas L. in an animal model. The antioxidant property of the extract was expressed by 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an appropriate method. The extract was orally administered at graded doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) to determine its effect on 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-induced anaemia in rats at days 1, 7 and 14 using a standard protocol. Acute and subacute toxicological evaluations were based on initial behaviour, mortality and histological examination of the organs. Results The antioxidant study of the extract showed 60.14% in the presence of DPPH and ascorbic acid. The haematological parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC) significantly increased at p value < 0.05 in the treated groups compared with control groups. Specifically, there is a significant increase in the treatment groups, namely red blood cells (5.93, 6.78, 6.75), haematocrit (40.75, 44.05, 44.63) and haemoglobin (13.35, 14.70, 14.73), when compared with untreated control. Also, the results of the myeloid/erythroid ratio of the treated groups (20: 40, 21.7: 43.4 ratio) and (23. 3: 46.6 ratio) are compared with (15.0: 25.0 ratio) of 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine and 25: 50 normal control of the bone marrow at day 14. No acute behavioural change or mortality was observed. Histological analysis exhibited normal physiological state of the visceral organs. Conclusions These findings support the folklore use of Ipomoea batatas L. leaf extract to reduce oxidative stress, treat anaemia and exhibit its safety at the highest doses of 500 mg/kg body weight.

Özlem Kasap

As important figures of the Ottoman history since the 16th century Suleiman the Magnificent and his wife Roxelane, have become fundamental referents feeding societal imagery. This study focuses on the analysis of the ‘imagery’ of Roxelane; a woman who was able to hold power and attain a place in societal imagery in an age and setting where the role of women was extremely limited. A strong female archetype, a ‘ruler’ in an Empire where women did not rule and wield power, is created in the works studied through this imagery. The imagery associated with ‘strong females’ like Catherine de Médicis, Mary Tudor and Elizabeth Tudor who ruled their respective countries in the 16th century, has gained a distinctive place in social memory. The imagery has found a wide audience, especially in its manifestation in fiction. The following study uses J.J. Wunenburger’s definitions of imagery to examine the imagery of Roxelane and the ways in which it is recreated and re-used for differing functions in societal memory in two contemporary literary works

Ozan ÖZPAY

Cinema is one of the most influential fields of art in the social transfer of economic, cultural and social values, political, political ethical acceptance and everyday life practices. In this context, cinema discuss sometimes global and sometimes regional issues and sometimes it plays a role in introducing country economy and industrial product. One of these products is transportation vehicles. Turkish cinema has often featured films including social and socio-political issues, cultural values, national identity protection regional issues and regional issues that claim to make traditional performing. In addition, due to the political, economic and social transformations of the countries, industrial products are occasionally brought together with Turkish society as an object embedded. The study within this framework aimed to read on cinema area the process of shaping everday life as the social transformation factor of transportation vehicles. In article has created the universe and the sampling area with reference to two different limiting criteria. Primarily, in the study which is focused on historical process, has determined between 1950 and 1970 period and also to the until today from 1970 period. Considering the diversity of transportation vehicles in this study, has considered on the species concept as a second limiting criterion and automobile and train objects were further introduced, however, in reference to a few films examples, the minibüs has also utilized in this study. In the research process has tried to be analyzed through descriptive analysis the data obtained by the document scanning method. As a result of the study, it is seen that the reflect different dimensions to the Turkish cinema of the transportation vehicles as an element of social transformation in accordance with the political, social and economic approaches of the country.

Gulnara F. Gabdrakhmanova, Elvina A. Sagdieva

In December 2016, employees of the Institute of History of Sh. Marjani of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan Gulnara Gabdrakhmanova and Elvina Sagdieva went on an expedition to the Republic of Uzbekistan. Its goal was to study the characteristics of the ethnic identity of the Tatars –the residents of Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s capital. Research work was conducted within the framework of qualitative sociology. The main method was biographical ("life stories"). The sample consisted of respondents representing different demographic groups (by sex and age) and living in different parts of the capital of Uzbekistan. As a result of analyzing the biographies, the types of ethnic identity of the studied group, as well as the content of its formation and development were revealed. The Tatar diaspora continues to be strong enough and united in the Republic of Uzbekistan, however, it suffered a significant reduction in number. This happened not only under the influence of Tatars’ mass emigration from the region, but, as the study showed, a certain part of them replaced their ethnic identity in favor of the Uzbek one. In the course of the analysis, it was possible to identify four types of ethnic identity of the Tatars – the inhabitants of Tashkent. Carriers of the first type are representatives of the Tatar diaspora’s elder generation, who spent most of their lives in the USSR. The second type is typical for those who have lived about half the life in the Soviet era, and the second half – in the period of Uzbekistan's independence. Representatives of the third and fourth groups were born and socialized in the 1990–2000's. At the time of the study the carriers of the third type expressed the Tatar identity, but this actualization has occurred in recent years and is essentially "returnable". The fourth type has practically lost their ethnic (Tatar) identity, or it is nominal, although its representatives still know and remember about their "Tatar roots". Both types are examples of "shifting ethnic identity," the change of which occurs under the influence of subjective and objective factors. Another important identity of the respondents is religious one. Everyone without exception called themselves Muslims. Religious practices are reduced to visiting a mosque by men during the holy Muslim holidays (Uraza Bairam, Kurban Bairam) and in observance of the life cycle rites. All those born in Uzbekistan call the republic their homeland, treat it with respect and with gratitude. It is noted that the Uzbek and Tatar people have lived together for several centuries in Uzbekistan, respecting each other's culture. Most of the participants in the study do not forget about their ethnicity, they try to observe the Tatar customs and rites and instill them in their children. An important way to preserve "Tatar" in Tashkent are cultural events held by the "Tatar Public Cultural and Educational Center."

Suzan D. Canhasi

Unrecorded information does not have the assurance of survival. Writing is preserving and being preserved. The community that does not bother to write will suffer inconvenient future. Vushtrri is a town in the north of Republic of Kosovo. The residents of Vushtrri have suffered every kind of hardships, misfortunes and poverty. Nonetheless, we have to acknowledge their struggle to preserve their old national spiritual values such as: wedding customs, songs, folk songs, psalms, laments, lullabies, and stories, passing them from generation to generation, with its first verdure, and all under favor of writing this heritage. If we aim perpetuity, maintenance of our identity and the sustainability of the same, we have to record the bygone, hence pass it to posterity. The aim of our study is to publish the withering wedding customs of Vushtrri, thus prevent their loss. This study chronologically analyzed wedding and marriage customs in Vushtrri starting from, asking for the girl’s hand in marriage, betrothal, entering the nuptial chamber, up to seeing the bride. Being based on the older oral sources, the study ascertained that the old wedding and marriage customs are substantially forgotten. Consequently modern practices substituted the old wedding and marriage ceremony customs.

Kazım Özkan ERTÜRK

Public relations is the practice of managing a communication process that aims to build mutual goodwill and trust between organizations and their publics with the help of publicity, information and positive image building efforts. Public information is the public relations approach which aims for providing mutual goodwill and trust by sharing the organization-related information with target audience in complete openness and honesty. Public Information, firstly introduced by Ivy Ledbetter Lee in the United States of America during 1920’s, became prominent as a public relations model which provided an innovative viewpoint on commercial and organizational communication policies. In time, public information practices in public relations began to be utilized for building and maintaining political trust and support of target audience. In this study, application methods of public information activities as a political public relations action and their benefits provided to organization are outlined.

Marion Bowman

This article examines lessons which can still be learned from Professor Lauri Honko’s research and writings, particularly for those working at the interstices of folklore and religious studies who appreciate the mutually enriching relationship between the two fields which has been the hallmark of modern Finnish and Nordic scholarship. Three broad areas are considered here by way of illustration: the importance of studying belief and the continuing utility of genre as a tool of research; the use of folklore and material culture in the formation of cultural and spiritual identities in the contemporary milieu; and tradition ecology in relation to Celtic spirituality.

Abbas KARAAĞAÇLI

<p align="justify">Towards the end of World War I, an important anti-colonialist and liberationist political and social movement emerged in the Azerbaijan Region in Iran. They have coalesced under the leadership of the revolutionist and intellectual venerable Sheikh Mohammed Hiyabâni, who has been among the leaders of the Iranian Democratic Party’s Regional Organization during the Constitutional Revolution (1908-1911) and one of the members of the first parliament. Their goal and aims were to contribute to the independence of Iran, and especially to resist the attempts and practices for dividing Iran between the Prime Minister Vosouq al-Dowleh and the British government. This article analyzes the emergence, continuation and fall of the Azadistan (Land of Freedom) Movement.</p>

Remzi AYDIN

<p align="justify">In this study, the tombs where two of the religious leaders, Zeynel Abidin and Seyyid Burhaneddin, lived in Kayseri are burried are examined. The structures are evaluated according to their plan, material and decorative features. Furthermore, construction processes are defined under the lights of studied archive files. Investigated archive files show that even under various troubling circumstances, construction processes are made in a well organized manner. The tombs that are two of the charities in Anatolia made by II. Abdulhamid Han, represent the characteristic features of westernization period.</p>

Alfonso Vargas Macías, José Luis González Montesinos, Jesús Mora Vicente

En este artículo se ha estudiado los períodos de actividad y descanso en el baile flamenco. Se han grabado y analizado los bailes de 6 bailaoras profesionales que voluntariamente han participado en este estudio con una edad media de 24 ±6,06 años, un peso medio de 58,84 ±2,25 kg y una altura media de 166 ± 6,67 cm. La duración media de los bailes es de 457,67 ± 70,77 s. Se ha contabilizado como tiempo de pausa aquellos segundos durante los que no se efectuaban ningún zapateado, estos períodos tienen una duración muy corta que oscila entre 1 y 15 s. La duración media de los tiempos totales de pausa durante los bailes ha sido de 32 ± 2,10 s, lo que equivale a un 6,99% del tiempo total de baile. Por el contrario, los períodos de actividad (segundos durante los que se efectúa al menos un zapateado) son bastante más largos, de hecho un 26,29% del tiempo de baile se distribuye en períodos de una duración superior a 120 s. La duración media del tiempo total de actividad durante los bailes ha sido de 425,67 ± 41,3 s, equivalente a un 93,01% del tiempo total de baile. Los períodos de actividad superiores a 31 s suelen continuarse con períodos de pausa igual o mayores a 3 s. Pensamos que estos resultados son la base sobre la cual poder programar la preparación física específica de bailaoras de flamenco.

Ludvík Skružný

Karel Shkorpil (1859-1944) lived in Bulgaria for 62 years. There he contributed to the development of the Bulgarian educational system, science, archeology, museum work and the Bulgarian-Czechoslovak cultural relations. Since 1926 he has been an honorary consul of Czechoslovakia in Varna. For almost five decades Karel Shkorpil has been traveling around Bulgaria and collecting materials not only about ancient history but also about its folklore, he is interested in architecture, not only Christian and local, but also Ottoman conquerors; saves endangered monuments from the time of the "yoke" and the emergence of the modern Bulgarian people. The collected materials are exhibited in museum rooms, which appear in the high schools, where these rooms affect the young students. During the war he conducted research, photographed, measured monuments, corrected and supplemented military maps of Bulgaria and the occupied lands in neighboring countries. For six decades he has been thinking about the difficult issues related to the history of Bulgaria and the Balkan countries, following old trade and military routes, including those along which Vladislav III's army reached Varna. Yagelo to win a decisive battle for Christendom and Europe, on November 10, 1944. It focuses on numismatics, sphragistics, paleography, historical demography, geography and iconography. Thanks to the knowledge of these auxiliary historical sciences, he was able to more accurately solve historical issues and show evidence that Pliska is the older center of the country than Veliki Preslav. He published the conclusions of his research on the pages of various journals.

Cristina Andrés Alcalá.

En este artículo reflejamos las conclusiones de una investigación acerca de los aspectos relacionados con el proceso de creación coreográfica de una pieza de danza contemporánea. Se ha investigado también cómo influye en el creador la no elección de determinantes básicos en la composición coreográficas: música y espacio. Se analizó la producción de 5 bailarinas-coreógrafas profesionales que elaboraron una pieza para una misma música y un mismo espacio, ambos con dificultades intrínsecas. Por un lado la música tenía pocos aspectos expresivos y por otro el espacio no estaba dispuesto horizontalmente sino que formaba una inclinación con un ángulo de 24º. Se realizaron grabaciones con videocámaras convencionales de las piezas y entrevistas de los sujetos. También se elaboró un cuestionario escrito sobre el proceso de creación.Se observó que la superación de los retos que suponía la música y el espacio fueron un factor de motivación, pese a que inicialmente un 80% sintió un bloqueo creativo. Pensamos que dicha dificultad intrínseca a los recursos, condujo a que la creación no se basara en la adaptación de materiales anteriores sino en la búsqueda de innovación. Para ello, el 100% de las participantes recurrió a un soporte gráfico como esquema organizador del uso del espacio, así como la visualización previa de las posibles soluciones estéticas al espacio dado.

R. Sõukand, A. Raal

The name of the classical medicinal plant, mountain arnica ( Arnica montana), was well known among Estonians at the end of the 19th century, although mountain arnica itself does not grow in Estonia. The folklore collection of the Estonian Folklore Archives indicates that the name was used to denote locally growing plants. The impulse for such renaming of local plants obviously came from popular medical books and almanacs published in Estonian in the 18th-19th centuries. The article discusses a particular example, arguing that foreign names were probably given to folk medicinal plants that were already effectively used. Many of them, however, had not received attention so far by pharmacological research. DOI: 10.3176/tr.2008.1.02