The sustainable development of agriculture is challenged by two major issues: increasing resource constraints and environmental pollution. Sustainable agricultural development is achievable by improving green total factor productivity from the perspective of resource allocation. To promote the green development of agriculture, this paper utilizes the SBM super-efficiency mode and thus calculates the agricultural resource misallocation index and agricultural green production efficiency index in China between 2001 and 2019. Furthermore, this paper discusses the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of agricultural green production efficiency, using a fixed model and spatial econometric models to estimate the influence effect of agricultural resource misallocation on green production efficiency. Below are the results. First, China's agricultural green total factor productivity is growing at an impressive rate, with high efficiency in the northeast, northwest, and southeast coastal areas and low efficiency in the central and inland areas. Second, agricultural capital misallocation, labor misallocation, and land misallocation all negatively impact agricultural green production efficiency. Accordingly, the misallocation of agricultural factors will hamper the growth of agricultural green production efficiency in this region and also in the surrounding areas. Third, the indirect impact on the own agricultural green production efficiency exceeds its direct impact on neighboring regions' efficiency. Fourth, the mechanisms are the upgrading of agricultural industry structure and green technology innovation. According to the findings, reducing resource misallocation can substantially enhance agricultural green productivity, which is an imperative step in addressing agricultural green production. Hence, policies should be formulated that highlight the regional allocation of agricultural production factors and green production-oriented concept of agricultural production. Also, the government should promote the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural industrial structure, as well as the application of green agricultural technologies.
Kristina Konstantinova, Nurlan E. Bekmukhamedov, Nurdaulet B. Zhumabay
Scientific labour organization is becoming relevant in the context of the rapidly changing requirements of the modern market, especially in the growing human interaction with robotic systems and artificial intelligence. The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric and content analysis of scientific labour organization in agriculture, with a focus on the integration of remote sensing technologies and precision farming. The methodological basis of the work included bibliometric and content analysis of scientific articles selected from the Web of Science database for the period 1992-2025, using clusterization (CiteSpace 6.3.R1). The results showed a steady increase in publication activity: since 2017, the number of papers has increased to four per year, and the peak of citations occurred in 2022. Cluster analysis revealed two dominant areas: “Industry 4.0” (77 articles, the average publication year is 2016, S = 0.99) and “Precision Agriculture” (34 articles, the average year is 2014, S = 1.0). These clusters have shown that sustainable land use technologies and precision farming innovations are changing the organization of labor and management of agricultural enterprises. The results demonstrate the growing interest in the problems of labor organization in the context of the digitalization of the agricultural sector, the strengthening of interdisciplinary ties and the expansion of the range of applied research. In the future, it is advisable to expand databases for analysis, include more intersectoral research and develop organizational models that take into account the social and ethical aspects of the introduction of new technologies.
ABSTRACT Urban economic development benefits from industrial agglomeration by enhancing efficiency, but it may also bring negative effects, such as environmental pollution. This research uses data from 283 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2019, and applies the Spatial Durbin Model to investigate the spatial effects of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency, along with its impact mechanisms at various stages of collaborative agglomeration between the manufacturing and service sectors. The results indicate that: (1) The upgrading of the service industry from consumption-oriented to production-oriented has proved to be conducive to enhancing carbon emission efficiency and alleviating the environmental problems associated with manufacturing agglomeration. (2) The industrial collaborative agglomeration exerts a spatial spillover effect on carbon emission efficiency. Over time, as the degree of industrial collaborative agglomeration reaches a specific threshold, it positively impacts the carbon emission efficiency within the local area but exerts an inhibitory effect in neighboring regions. (3) The urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Pearl River Delta regions, along with low-carbon pilot cities, demonstrate a greater capacity to enhance the positive impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency. (4) Collaborative industrial clustering fosters technological progress through domestic technology transfer and green technology innovation. It also mitigates mismatches between labor and capital, enhances land-intensive utilization efficiency, and optimizes resource allocation, ultimately leading to improve carbon emission efficiency. This research contributes to China’s economic and social transition towards a low-carbon future and provides valuable insights for the green development and industrial upgrading of developing countries.
Irina Anatol'evna Rodionova, Mihail Aleksandrovich Bolohonov, Ol’ga A. VASIL’EVA
et al.
Abstract. In modern conditions of high sanctions pressure, systemic problems that hinder the effective development of agricultural production have worsened. Increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture is becoming the main vector and a necessary condition for countering negative exogenous factors and ensuring sustainable agricultural growth. The subject of the study is organizational and economic relations that develop in the process of searching for ways to increase the investment attractiveness of agriculture. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and scientifically substantiate the directions of increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture. Research objectives: 1) to clarify the essential content of the concept of “investment attractiveness of agriculture”; 2) to assess the investment attractiveness of the industry; 3) to determine the directions of growth of investment attractiveness of agriculture. The main research methods are monographic, statistical, graphical. Results. The article provides an analytical assessment of the investment attractiveness of agriculture in Russia. The individual elements (natural resource, production, innovation, financial, economic and labor) of the investment potential of agriculture are analyzed. The investment risks of the industry are justified. It is concluded that the investment attractiveness of agriculture is quite low, despite the existing potential for its growth due to the possibilities of using significant natural resource potential; a high level of adaptation of the industry to external negative factors of impact; favorable natural and climatic conditions; significant export potential of the industry. The scientific novelty. It consists in developing proposals to increase the investment attractiveness of agriculture based on the transformation of key institutional parameters: improving the regulatory framework for land reform; developing mechanisms for public-private partnership and project financing with a state guarantee, changing the industry structure due to the growth of the industry's technology and the use of innovations, changing the terms of lending to agriculture.
Implementing a circular economy in cities has been proposed by policy makers as a potential solution for achieving sustainability in the construction sector. One strategy that has gained interest by both policy makers and companies is to develop “circular construction hubs”: locations that collect, store, and redistribute waste as secondary resources. However, there is limited literature taking a spatially explicit view, identifying the spatial parameters that could affect the locations of hubs both for now and in the future. This study therefore aims to categorize different types of circular hubs for the construction industry, collect spatial parameters required for finding suitable locations for each type of circular hub, and translate the spatial parameters into a list of data and spatial analysis methods that could be used to identify potential future locations. The study used the Netherlands as a case study, extracting spatial parameters from two sources: Dutch governmental policy documents on circular economy and spatial development and interviews with companies operating circular hubs. Four types of circular construction hubs were identified: urban mining hubs, industry hubs, local material banks, and craft centers. The spatial parameters were extracted for each type of hub from four perspectives: resources (such as material type, business model), accessibility (such as mode and scale of transportation), land use (such as plot size, land use), and socio-economic (such as labor availability). The parameters were then translated into a list of spatial data and analysis methods required to identify future locations of circular construction hubs.
This paper discusses the role of local institutions in promoting sustainable tourism in Luang Prabang, Laos, with a focus on SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. The study uses qualitative research methods to gather from stakeholders and examines the synergies and trade-offs among various SDGs, the strategies for balancing different priorities, the importance of positive stakeholder relationships and consultations, and the future challenges facing the tourism industry in Luang Prabang. The socio-economic development plan for Luang Prabang Province prioritizes political stability, protection of cultural and natural heritage, sustainable agriculture, education and healthcare, hydroelectric power, and commercial and financial development. Despite challenges, Luang Prabang Province has made significant progress in implementing its socio-economic development plan over the past two years. However, several challenges still need to be addressed, including economic growth lacking rationality, income and development disparities between urban and rural regions, inadequate educational and healthcare services, preservation of cultural heritage and effective management of tourism resources, inadequate labor skills development and land management, budgetary constraints, deficiencies in policies and mechanisms for private investment, and the impact of social deprivation on progress and development. The province aims to address these challenges by enhancing political education and training, prioritizing rural development and employee welfare, eliminating poverty and uplifting living standards, seeking input from diverse ethnic backgrounds, addressing political resistance and limitations, and cultivating the province to attain prosperity and resilience.
We are proposing a model mathematical description of droplet evaporation using the kinetic approach. We have obtained the basic equation of the theory by using the law of conserving the full power of the vapor–liquid system, which has not been done before. We have found the range of droplet sizes at which it is stable. We have given a comparison of the obtained results with the known traditional ones. We have given numerical estimates for the critical size of the fine-dispersed phase up to the value of which ordinary evaporation takes place (that is for Knudsen number <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>K</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>l</mi><mi>R</mi></mfrac></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, inequality <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>K</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> must be fulfilled, where <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is the free path of the molecule and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is the droplet radius). We have given the optimal droplet size which is the most effective from the point of view of technical use in extinguishing flammable oil transformers.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
The creation of value is a critical factor that determines the competitive capacity of firms and their ability to survive. Notwithstanding its importance, value creation usually becomes a fuzzy concept that is difficult to grasp, especially when increasingly complex elements of reality are incorporated into its analysis. Building on the narrative of the firm as a complex adaptive system, this article provides empirical evidence showing value creation as emergent behavior resulting from hyper-connected value repositories. Several implications for scholars and practitioners are discussed. For scholars, expert knowledge is provided from 28 airline industry executives around the world together with a method based on fuzzy cognitive maps that allows modeling and simulating value creation in airlines through 26 value repositories and 77 interdependencies. For practitioners, the article raises awareness of the need to incorporate a complexity mindset into value creation analysis and smooths the transition towards a value performance management tool.
Background: The coordinated and combined movement of 2 parts gleno-humeral to 1 part of scapulo-thoracic movement adds to normal shoulder elevation range. It was later accepted as 2:1 ratio between Gleno-humeral elevation and scapulo-thoracic upward rotation and this kinematics interaction is known as “scapulo-humeral rhythm”. Along with many other techniques to improve shoulder range of motion the scapulothoracic mobilizations are helpful specially in improving external rotation of shoulder.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of scapular mobilizations in improving external rotation range of motion (ROM) in frozen shoulder
Methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted in physiotherapy department- Ittefaq hospital, Lahore which was carried out over a period of 6 months from approval of synopsis. 51 patients of age 35 to 65 years with symptoms of frozen shoulder from at least 3-4 months were included in this study. Patients with any surgical history, trauma or psychological conditions were excluded from the study. A semi structured questionnaire was administered and pre-treatment and post treatment were recorded and documented by the physical therapist.
Results: The results show that external rotation (ER) after scapulothoracic mobilizations improved, with mean value before treatment recorded to be 43.4314 degrees with S.D 11.067 degrees and 83.6863 degrees with S.D 12.394 degrees post treatment. Wilcoxen Sign Rank test showed significant different between the two measurements.
Conclusion: Patients had their external rotation range of motion improved after sessions of scapulothoracic mobilizations sessions provided by the physical therapist, thereby improving the functional outcomes of patients.
Keywords: External rotation; Frozen shoulder, Scapulothoracic mobilization
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities, Therapeutics. Psychotherapy
Introduction From an expert's perspective, color and form are human visual perception's most significant visual elements. Nowadays, a significant number of theories have been proposed in the field of color recognition, and the advancement of science and research experiences have paved new ways for feeling and perceiving it. Ethan, the author of "The Art of Color", claims: A physicist studies the energy and particles in light, the composition of colored lights, the spectrum of elements, and the frequency and wavelength of colored rays. The molecular structure of pigments is of high importance for a chemist. A biologist examines the distinct impacts of light and color on the visual system and how the eye adjusts to them. The psychologist considers the effect of color on the psyche and mental understanding of colors. Artists are interested in color aesthetics and weigh on the representation of it in artworks. Thus, all these sciences were historically regarded as a subset of philosophy. Therefore, the most comprehensive theories on color were considered a tangible quality issued by philosophers. However, a lack of familiarity with these theories has recently made colorology a new science, concomitant with Newton's experiences and experiments. It is assumed that its origin goes back to the era of specialization of sciences. Historically, philosophers in Iran and Greece have paid attention to the issue of color regarding light, and unknown secrets are written with the source of conceptual or visual sensory perceptions. Therefore, these writings continued with the emergence of Islam, influenced by the Arabic translation movement in the Abbasid era, and were closely related together; they framed the mind of Muslim philosophers by creating developments and new perspectives and the foundation of the philosophical school of illuminationism by Sheikh Shahabuddin Suhravardi at the height of this interaction in the following centuries. Methodology Similarly, this study tries to analyze its philosophical data about colors comparatively and to extract the similarities and differences in their opinions about the perception of this visual element based on light. It is assumed that: Therefore, in all of their comments, the philosophers of Iran and ancient Greece explained the same color by taking the model of light; the perception of this element, a combination of conceptual and visual perception has been manifested. Zoroaster and Mani, in Iran, were regarded as the philosophers and wise people to accept or reject these hypotheses. While describing their religious-knowledge system, they have explicitly or implicitly referred to color manifestations in a written or visual manner. The thoughts of Empedocles, Democritus, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were studied in Greece. Discussion Analyzes of the common and distinct aspects of various visions of philosophers suggest that color in their opinions is not only a mixture of the two conceptual and visual senses; each has only stressed one of these two. Thus:Colors emerge in the form of lights with a metaphysical and spiritual nature either in the stand of the soul and its darkness or in the stand of God's manifestation and approaching to Him, and can carry a meaningful quality for humans and finally provide the basis for symbolic spiritual interpretations. Iranian philosophers paid extensive attention to seeing this visual element in the conceptual sense. They perceptually and intuitively substantiated the perception of color and defined ranges of pure and raw colors between white and black. In this range, they valued content and the concept of colors.Likewise, Greek philosophers heavily emphasized seeing this visual element in their vision. Colors that regularly emerge in the shape of various lights with physical nature can potentially convey the tangible quality of the object and the form in isolation as well as in combination with each other for humans and finally form the basis for the sensory interpretations. Therefore, perception of color and its context leads to the emotional and tangible substantiation of its existence by the power of vision, the three components of the object's essence, the way the light shines, and the condition of the eye state. Everybody has considered the existence and the human reaction to their perception certain and expressed comprehensive comments focusing on how to view this visual element. However, should we profoundly consider the thoughts and ideas of these philosophers as the final point, we will find out the correspondence of their opinions with colors and their conversion and combination, which God has created in nature. Ironically, this has been the turning point in their effect on each other and building common interests. It means they spiritually contemplate God's signs, whether in a perceptible or over-perceptible world. The contrast between white and black and various colors between these two are shared among Iranian and Greek philosophers; the red color is also formed by the combination of white and black, whether physically or metaphysically. Greek philosophers emphasized the tangible quality of colors and immediate and direct feeling. On the other hand, Iranian philosophers heeded attention to the mental perception of colors by their mythical and symbolic functions. The functions are based on a stable mental process and are considered the reason for viewing various colors without a sensory organ. According to the belief of Iranian philosophers, the nature of light and color are not separated, and their difference and how color is affected by light is not considered in viewing various colors. The Greek philosophers believed that the difference in how light is affected by colors caused the eyes to see the colors differently. Greek philosophers have expressed some conditions in their ideas to realize the color vision and the perception of it beyond the vision power. However, Iranian philosophers considered human efforts the condition for the light seeker in symbolic transit from darkness and the evils to brightness and the goods in the evolution of the soul. In the scope of Greek philosophy, color is a material element and the product of the dissociation of light to reveal several defined objects from which the primary colors are taken, and from the combination of them, the secondary colors are produced. However, light is synonymous with the existence and manifestation of God’s infinite nature from which various colors are produced in Iranian philosophy. It is the cause of the realization and emergence of colors in the realm of human existence. From Iranian philosophers’ point of view, white and black colors are created based on how much they benefit from the source of God’s grace; thus, they have semantic and symbolic value. Nevertheless, these colors are created based on the extent to which the physical radius of light increases or decreases. Conclusion Unlike Socrates, who briefly and concisely proposed his thoughts on how he sees colors, other philosophers in these two countries have pointed out the details of the emergence of colors based on light and its different types. The difference is that Iranian philosophers studied the classification of colors and the Greek philosophers examined their combinations. The former have always considered colors in the longitudinal hierarchy and the latter in the transverse hierarchy. Although the Greek philosophers' opinions are distinct from each other, i.e., Empedocles and Democritus studied colors based on the movement of light particles, Socrates reviewed them based on eye frictions with light rays, Plato considered the outcome of the exit of the radius, and Aristotle examined them based on their impressions. Thus, they have proven all these topics based on the visual sense. On the other hand, Zoroaster and Mani saw colors from another angle of view and considered the intuition of the human soul in gaining the grace of Ahura as evidence for different colors. The Greek philosophers believed that the difference in how light is affected by colors caused the eyes to see the colors differently. They believe that the nature of light and color are not separated, and the difference and how color is affected by light are not considered in viewing various colors. Therefore, they explained the perception of this visual element regardless of the arguments of physical logic about the perception of colors based on conceptual sense.
Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture, Fine Arts
نگاهی به فرازوفرودهای اجتماعی، فرهنگی، سیاسی و امنیتی استان استراتژیک سیستان و بلوچستان، نمایانگر وجود مسئله های متنوع در لایه های گوناگون آن بوده است. منطقه جنوب شرق ایران مزایای راهبردی بی نظیری همانند سواحل مکران، محصولات متنوع کشاورزی و میوه های با قابلیت صادرات، صنایع دستی روستایی و معادن غنی دارد. این پژوهش ضمن رصد و احصاء صدها مسئله در منطقه جنوب شرق، سعی دارد به این پرسش پاسخ گوید که «مسائل حیاتی تأثیرگذار بر توسعه و امنیت استان سیستان و بلوچستان مبتنی بر تحلیل شبکه مسائل چیست؟» لذا با هدف شناسایی مسائل اولویت دار استان و بررسی ریشه ها و موانع موجود، مبتنی بر یافته های حاصل از تحقیق و تتبع، به اصلی ترین راهکارهای اجرایی پرداخته شد. شواهد و قرائن در دهه های اخیر گویای سطح عمیق اثرگذاری مسائل استان بر مدار حرکت توسعه در استان بوده است. برای شناسایی مسئله ها و روش تحلیل ساختاری با هدف دسته بندی و تعیین اولویت مسائل از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی استفاده شد. در این پژوهش با 113 نفر شامل 58 نفر از مقامات (دولتی، نظامی، انتظامی، امنیتی)، 20 فعال مدنی و بخش خصوصی و 20 استاد دانشگاه و 15 نفر از افراد شاخص قومی-مذهبی استان، مصاحبه انجام شد و تعداد 176 مسئله و ریزمسئله از جامعه هدف استخراج شد که در نهایت 88 مسئله اصلی شناسایی شد. بر اساس یافته های پژوهش تعداد 5 مسئله اولویت دار تعیین شد که عبارتند از موانع تحقق اقتصاد مقاومتی، ترسیم چهره نامناسب از استان نزد افکار عمومی، عدم وجود وفاق و همدلی بین مدیران، عدم وجود امنیت پایدار و عدم توجه به اهمیت جایگاه استان در عرصه ملی. در نهایت ضمن ترسیم مسئله در ابعاد مختلف، پیامدها و اثرات آن ذکر شده است.
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as disputas simbólicas em torno da legitimidade da luta pela terra no contexto de uma região historicamente constituída por domínios estancieiros no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). A intenção foi compreender as condições estruturais dadas para a inserção dos agentes sociais identificados como sem-terra no espaço de relações conformado pelos antigos habitantes dos municípios dessa região, notadamente em um cenário que, desde os anos 1980, é de crise das condições de reprodução estancieira com base na venda de carnes. Optou-se por um recorte que privilegiou os processos de mobilização social deflagrados entre 2003 e 2008 em São Gabriel (RS), os quais antecederam a implantação de assentamentos rurais no município. Analisaram-se repertórios de ação articulados em um campo dos conflitos agrários composto basicamente pelo patronato rural, movimentos sociais do campo e Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (Incra), além das intervenções de outros agentes como imprensa e Ministério Público. Argumenta-se que o estado de tensão que permeou tais lutas em torno de São Gabriel e que marcou negativamente os sem-terra como pessoas “vindas de fora” é tributário das condições estruturantes do espaço social, as quais restringiram a emergência de contestações locais quanto ao regime fundiário. Metodologicamente, este artigo é constituído por análise documental de processos oficiais do Incra/RS, de publicações na imprensa estadual e de livros escritos por porta-vozes legítimos dos sem-terra e dos produtores rurais em relação aos acontecimentos do período.
ZANELLA, Francis Casagranda e Marcos Botton Piccin. Condições de emergência dos sem-terra em meio a reconfigurações do espaço estancieiro no Rio Grande do Sul. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, junho de 2018, vol. 26, n. 2, p. 285-308, ISSN 2526-7752.
Проведен анализ материалов режимных наблюдений пьезометрического контроля в ограждающих сооружениях тестовых объектов шламохранилищ. В результате обработки данных исследований получены коэффициенты пропорциональности kпр для различных типов дамб, позволяющие при проведении фильтрационных расчетов учитывать наличие в жидкости поверхностно-активных веществ. Установлены причины развития возможных чрезвычайных ситуаций, разработана методика и проведена оценка вероятности возникновения гидродинамических аварий на сооружениях шламохранилищ Республики Беларусь.
Great achievements of the past hold invaluable lessons for the future. Often we deify the leader and celebrate the outcome, but overlook the underlying principles they reflect. The American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s is a testimony to the combined power of an idea, the catalytic role of dedicated individuals and the power of token actions in extreme circumstances. The idea of non-violence and civil disobedience propounded by Thoreau and successfully implemented by Mahatma Gandhi showed that it is possible for an unarmed, untrained and loosely organized group to take on a powerful, well armed, well trained force, with minimum casualties on either side and maximum chances of reconciliation in the future. An idea acquires power when it touches the emotions. Martin Luther King Jr. imparted those emotions and inspired them in other people. In rising to be the leader of the movement, he represented the peak of the mountain or the tip of the iceberg composed of millions of African Americans who aspired for a better life and the millions more around the world who supported his cause formed the base that held up the peak. It was their aspiration that gave power to his words and actions. King identified with the conscious, and often subconscious aspiration of African Americans and channelized their energy into a force, organized it as the Civil Rights Movement, and transformed it into an irresistible power. Insightfully, he realized that a violent solution to the problem of discrimination would only deepen the fissures in American society and lengthen the healing process. Every single act that was undertaken in the movement by individuals and groups—Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on a bus, the Little Rock Nine courageously attending school though the Arkansas state National Guards blocked the entrance, everyone of the 250,000 people assembling in Washington DC to hear King’s dream—exhausted whatever significant or insignificant resources were available and in that sense became a perfect token act. A strong individual inspired by a powerful idea led people in well planned and perfectly organized sit-ins, stand-ins, marches, speeches, prayers and protests. The movement generated such power as to alter the legislation of the land, and more significantly, the mindset that tolerated or approved of racism. Although many contributed to this remarkable achievement, King’s actions testify to that fact that one man’s commitment can change the world. But it equally reveals the power of a mass movement directed to advance social progress. This accomplishment continues to inspire activists all over the world and confirms the inevitability of the success of movements that strive for universal human rights. It illustrates the process and defines the strategy needed for the future evolution of global society and human unity.
International relations, Economic growth, development, planning
The objective of research was to find out the effect of marketing mix, brand image, and service quality on customer loyalty in Fatmawati Branch of Bank BNI Syariah. Data employed in this research was primary one; data collection was carried out using questionnaire distributed directly with random sampling method; the object of research was customers of Bank BNI Syariah. This research was expected to contribute to the bank, particularly Fatmawati Branch of Bank BNI Syariah, in order to give good service to their customers. The result of research showed that marketing mix, brand image, and service quality affected positively and significantly the customer loyalty in Fatmawati Branch of Bank BNI Syariah either partially or simultaneously.
H. Harini, Yunastiti Purwaningsih, Emi Widiyanti
et al.
Most of food commodities in the Central Java are produced and traded in the local market. The aim of this research is to analyse internal and external factors determining trade of food commodities and analyse its trade model in Central Java. Research data consist of both primary and secondary that were analysed according to SWOT and Location Quotient (LQ) methods. The analysis of internal factors suggests that the availability and the quality of food commodities as well as the regulations related to traditional markets still need to be improved. The analysis of external factors proves that the local production is subject to be increased. Based on LQ results it shows that the agricultural sector in Central Java is highly specialised and has a strong base sector.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics