Hasil untuk "Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture"

Erin MacMurray van Liemt, Aida Davani, Sinchana Kumbale et al.

Cultural representation in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs has primarily been evaluated through the proxies of cultural diversity and factual accuracy. However, a crucial gap remains in assessing cultural alignment: the degree to which generated content mirrors how native populations perceive and prioritize their own cultural facets. In this paper, we introduce a human-centered framework to evaluate the alignment of LLM generations with local expectations. First, we establish a human-derived ground-truth baseline of importance vectors, called Cultural Importance Vectors based on an induced set of culturally significant facets from open-ended survey responses collected across nine countries. Next, we introduce a method to compute model-derived Cultural Representation Vectors of an LLM based on a syntactically diversified prompt-set and apply it to three frontier LLMs (Gemini 2.5 Pro, GPT-4o, and Claude 3.5 Haiku). Our investigation of the alignment between the human-derived Cultural Importance and model-derived Cultural Representations reveals a Western-centric calibration for some of the models where alignment decreases as a country's cultural distance from the US increases. Furthermore, we identify highly correlated, systemic error signatures ($ρ> 0.97$) across all models, which over-index on some cultural markers while neglecting the deep-seated social and value-based priorities of users. Our approach moves beyond simple diversity metrics toward evaluating the fidelity of AI-generated content in authentically capturing the nuanced hierarchies of global cultures.

Jill LaLonde, Sheku Mohamed Gassimu, Jr. , Renee Pardello et al.

This paper explores the current dynamics of domination and partnership within the global development industry, while envisioning a transformed, partnership-based future. Despite the genuine efforts of development actors to create positive change, many interventions still reflect systems of domination—particularly through capital, decision-making, and cultural hegemony. Included are results from 34 interviews with individuals across the global development ecosystem, which uncover how these systems manifest today and analyze the barriers they create. At the same time, we highlight the growing momentum toward more inclusive, community-led, and localized development approaches. Grounded in Riane Eisler’s Theory of Partnerism, this paper envisions a future seven generations ahead, where the global development industry operates on principles of collaboration, equity, and sustainability. We explore the potential for systems rooted in mutual respect, long-term environmental stewardship, and decentralized decision-making to lead to regenerative development practices. Interviewees' visions for this future underscore the power of integrated technologies, global networks of solidarity, and a collective shift in mindsets. By identifying pathways to shift from domination to partnership, this paper offers actionable insights and inspires further exploration toward building an equitable and inclusive global development ecosystem. This article emerges at a time when global development is facing unprecedented funding challenges. Major bilateral aid agencies, including the elimination United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the budget contractions of the Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office - UK (FCDO), while humanitarian needs continue to grow due to conflict, climate crises, and economic instability. Civil society organizations—particularly those led by local actors—are navigating shrinking resources even as calls for localization, equity, and partnership grow louder. Against this backdrop, we offer a vision not only of critique but of hope: a transformed development system that moves beyond scarcity and control toward collaboration, care, and shared prosperity.

سولماز صادقی داشکسن, سعیده موسوی, وحیده موسوی et al.

پژوهش حاضر، با هدف تدوین مدل ساختاری نقش اعتیاد به گوشی هوشمند بر افکار خودکشی با میانجی‌گری نگرش‌های فرهنگی در جوانان انجام گرفت. روش این پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی به‌­شیوۀ معادلات ساختاری است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد تبریز در سال 1403 است که طبق آمار 20785 نفر بودند. حجم نمونه 200 نفر، براساس قواعد معادلات ساختاری که تعداد 10 الی 20 نفر برای هر مؤلفه است، به­‌صورت نمونه‌گیری دردسترس با روش پرسشنامۀ برخط انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامۀ اعتیاد به گوشی هوشمند کوه‌هی (2009)، مقیاس سنجش افکار خودکشی بک (1961) و پرسشنامۀ نگرش‌های فرهنگی هافستد (1984) است. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از روش معادلات ساختاری مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که اثر مستقیم اعتیاد به گوشی هوشمند بر افکار خودکشی، (271/0)b، اثر غیر مستقیم اعتیاد به گوشی هوشمند با میانجی­گری نگرش‌های فرهنگی، (078/0)b و اثر کل، (349/0)b است و این رابطه به صورت مثبت و مستقیم معنی‌دار است. همچنین، متغیرهای اعتیاد به گوشی هوشمند و نگرش‌های فرهنگی به‌­طور هم­زمان قادر به تبیین 7/23 درصد از واریانس افکار خودکشی هستند. بنابراین، مدل نظری نقش میانجی‌­گری نگرش‌های فرهنگی در رابطۀ بین اعتیاد به گوشی هوشمند با افکار خودکشی در دانشجویان در سطح 05/0 و با احتمال 95% تأیید می‌گردد و شیوع افکار خودکشی قوی مورد بررسی بالینی در دانشگاه آزاد تبریز 5/19 درصد محاسبه شد.

John Mendonça, Lining Zhang, Rahul Mallidi et al.

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified the need for robust dialogue system evaluation, yet comprehensive assessment remains challenging. Traditional metrics often prove insufficient, and safety considerations are frequently narrowly defined or culturally biased. The DSTC12 Track 1, "Dialog System Evaluation: Dimensionality, Language, Culture and Safety," is part of the ongoing effort to address these critical gaps. The track comprised two subtasks: (1) Dialogue-level, Multi-dimensional Automatic Evaluation Metrics, and (2) Multilingual and Multicultural Safety Detection. For Task 1, focused on 10 dialogue dimensions, a Llama-3-8B baseline achieved the highest average Spearman's correlation (0.1681), indicating substantial room for improvement. In Task 2, while participating teams significantly outperformed a Llama-Guard-3-1B baseline on the multilingual safety subset (top ROC-AUC 0.9648), the baseline proved superior on the cultural subset (0.5126 ROC-AUC), highlighting critical needs in culturally-aware safety. This paper describes the datasets and baselines provided to participants, as well as submission evaluation results for each of the two proposed subtasks.

Junsuk Rho, Jinn-Kong Sheu, Andrew Forbes et al.

Scientific research needs a new system that appropriately values science and scientists. Key innovations, within institutions and funding agencies, are driving better assessment of research, with open knowledge and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) principles as central pillars. Furthermore, coalitions, agreements, and robust infrastructures have emerged to promote more accurate assessment metrics and efficient knowledge sharing. However, despite these efforts, the system still relies on outdated methods where standardized metrics such as h-index and journal impact factor dominate evaluations. These metrics have had the unintended consequence of pushing researchers to produce more outputs at the expense of integrity and reproducibility. In this community paper, we bring together a global community of researchers, funding institutions, industrial partners, and publishers from 14 different countries across the 5 continents. We aim at collectively envision an evolved knowledge sharing and research evaluation along with the potential positive impact on every stakeholder involved. We imagine these ideas to set the groundwork for a cultural change to redefine a more fair and equitable scientific landscape.

Aparup Khatua, David Jurgens, Ingmar Weber

Immigrants bring unique cultural backgrounds to their host countries. Subsequent interplay of cultures can lead to either a melting pot, where immigrants adopt the dominant culture of the host country, or a mosaic, where distinct cultural identities coexist. The existing literature primarily focuses on the acculturation of immigrants, specifically the melting pot hypothesis. In contrast, we attempt to identify the antecedents of the mosaic hypothesis or factors that enhance (or diminish) the propensity for cultural retention among immigrants. Based on Facebook advertising data for immigrants from 8 countries residing in the USA, our findings suggest that greater host-native distance is linked to higher online cultural retention, and while origin country context is statistically significant, its impact is generally smaller.

Anders Weile, Vedran Sekara

Predicting changes in consumer attention for cultural products, such as books, movies, and songs, is notoriously difficult. Past research suggests intrinsic limits for predicting consumer attention towards individual products. However, little is known about the limits for predicting shifts in collective attention. Here, we analyze five years of nationwide library loan data for almost 3 million individuals, comprising over 136 million loans of more than 750,000 unique titles. We find that culture, as measured by popularity distributions of loaned books, drifts continually from month to month at a near-constant rate, leading to a growing divergence over time, and that drift varies between book genres. By linking book loans to registry data, we investigate the influence of age, sex, educational level, and residential area type on cultural drift, finding heterogeneous effects. Our findings have important implications for market forecasting and algorithmic recommender systems, highlighting the need to account for drift dynamics.

حجت الله طالبی قوچانی, علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر, ابوالقاسم حیدر آبادی

هدف از انجام این پژوهش کاربردی، بررسی نقش عوامل فرهنگی مؤثر بر قانون‌گریزی شهروندان خراسان شمالی بود. روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی-پیمایشی و از نوع تحلیل مسیر است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، شامل تمامی شهروندان 18 تا 45 سالۀ شهرهای استان خراسان شمالی است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 390 نفر با روش نمونه­‌گیری طبقه‌­ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌­آوری داده­‌ها، پرسشنامۀ محقق­‌ساخته است که روایی آن به­‌صورت صوری و به­‌وسیلۀ استاد راهنما مورد تأیید قرار گرفت و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای هر یک از متغیرها بیشتر از 7/0 تأیید شد. تجزیه‌­و­تحلیل داده‏‌ها به‌­روش تحلیل مسیر با استفاده از نرم­‌افزارهای spss 22.0 و smartpls 3.0 انجام گرفت. یافته‏‌ها نشان داد که آگاهی از قوانین بر قانون‏‌گریزی تأثیر معکوس و معناداری دارد. همچنین، فقر فرهنگی و ضعف اخلاق شهروندی بر قانون­‌گریزی شهروندان تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری دارد. اما، وضعیت سن و تحصیلات و جنسیت بر گرایش به قانون‌گریزی تأثیر ندارد. براساس نتایج به­‌دست­‌آمده، با آموزش فرهنگ مناسب اجتماعی و بهبود اخلاق شهروندی در جامعه و آگاه­‌سازی افراد از قوانین و مقررات، می­‌توان در کاهش قانون­‌گریزی افراد گامی مؤثر برداشت.

Melikşah Aksu, Ahmet Mahmut Doğru

- Alatlı, Alev & Türker Sadık (2014). Bize Yön Veren Metinler 1. Nevşehir: Kapadokya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1 Baskı, s 696, ISBN: 978-605- 4448-07-4- Alatlı, Alev & Türker Sadık (2014). Bize Yön Veren Metinler 2. Nevşehir: Kapadokya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1 Baskı, s 976, ISBN: 978-605- 4448-07-4- Alatlı, Alev & Ceylan, Ömür (2021). Bize Yön Veren Metinler 3. Nevşehir: Kapadokya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1 Baskı, s 732, ISBN: 978-605-4448-06-7- Alatlı, Alev & Ceylan, Ömür (2021). Bize Yön Veren Metinler 4. Nevşehir: Kapadokya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1 Baskı, s 730, ISBN: 978-605-4448-10-4- Alatlı, Alev & Ceylan, Ömür(2021). Bize Yön Veren Metinler 5. Nevşehir: Kapadokya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1 Baskı, s 752, ISBN: 978-605-4448-11-1

mehdi deyhimpuor

Background and purpose: One of the new problems of organizations in the current era is the dark (negative) aspects of social capital, which causes the formation of organizational cronyism. The current research was conducted with the aim of adjusting the relationship between the dark aspects of social capital with an emphasis on the variable of organizational transparency.Methodology: This research is based on the objective of applied type and in terms of method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research is made up of a number of employees of government organizations in Mazandaran province, and 391 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The data of the research was obtained through the questionnaires of Arasli and Tamer (2008), organizational transparency (Rawlins, 2008) and social capital of Nahapit and Ghoshal (1998). Findings: The analysis of statistical data indicates that the impact of social capital on organizational cronyism is 0.535 and organizational transparency on organizational cronyism is -760.Conclusion: The results of structural equation modeling showed that all paths of social capital and its dimensions are significant on organizational chronicity, and the variable of organizational transparency also moderates this relationship.

Julen Etxaniz, Gorka Azkune, Aitor Soroa et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit extensive knowledge about the world, but most evaluations have been limited to global or anglocentric subjects. This raises the question of how well these models perform on topics relevant to other cultures, whose presence on the web is not that prominent. To address this gap, we introduce BertaQA, a multiple-choice trivia dataset that is parallel in English and Basque. The dataset consists of a local subset with questions pertinent to the Basque culture, and a global subset with questions of broader interest. We find that state-of-the-art LLMs struggle with local cultural knowledge, even as they excel on global topics. However, we show that continued pre-training in Basque significantly improves the models' performance on Basque culture, even when queried in English. To our knowledge, this is the first solid evidence of knowledge transfer from a low-resource to a high-resource language. Our analysis sheds light on the complex interplay between language and knowledge, and reveals that some prior findings do not fully hold when reassessed on local topics. Our dataset and evaluation code are available under open licenses at https://github.com/juletx/BertaQA.

Stefan Graser, Martin Schrepp, Stephan Böhm

Measuring User Experience (UX) with questionnaires is essential for developing and improving products. However, no domain-specific standardized UX questionnaire exists for Augmented Reality (AR) in Corporate Training (CT). Thus, this study introduces the UXAR-CT questionnaire - an AR-specific UX questionnaire for CT environments. We describe the construction procedure and the evaluation process of the questionnaire. A set of candidate items was constructed, and a larger sample of participants evaluated several AR-based learning scenarios with these items. Based on the results, we performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify relevant measurement items for each scale. The three best-fitting items were selected based on the results to form the final questionnaire. The first results regarding scale quality indicate a high level of internal consistency. The final version of the UXAR-CT questionnaire is provided and will be evaluated in further research.

Ping Zhang, Yiru Wang

Digital transformation significantly impacts firm investment, financing, and value enhancement. A systematic investigation from the corporate finance perspective has not yet been formed. This paper combines bibliometric and content analysis methods to systematically review the evolutionary trend, status quo, hotspots and overall structure of research in digital transformation from 2011 to 2024. The study reveals an emerging and rapidly growing focus on digital transformation research, particularly in developed countries. We categorize the literature into three areas according to bibliometric clustering: the measurements (qualitative and quantitative), impact factors (internal and external), and the economic consequences (investment, financing, and firm value). These areas are divided into ten sub-branches, with a detailed literature review. We also review the existing theories related to digital transformation, identify the current gaps in these papers, and provide directions for future research on each sub-branches.

alireza abtahi, shokoufeh Bakhshaei shahrbabaki, ahmad kamranifar et al.

Abstract Mohammad Ibrahim Bastani Parizi is a researcher who has studied and analyzed the role and function of women in Iran history more than other contemporary historians. In addition to evaluating and reporting on the stories of famous women, he has considered on aspects of women's presence in history that may have been hidden or ignored by other historians. In various articles and books, he has dealt with the role of women and the impact of their presence in society. Compared to other historians of his time, he has shown more attention to women in his historiography. The purpose of this article is to explain and analyze Parizi’s view regarding to women’s status in his historical works through a descriptive-analytical method and based on data taken from library sources. The findings of this study show that in association with the position of women in his works the good and positive image of women is superior to its negative aspect. Compared to his other works, in his collective work known as "Hafti", the role and position of women have been mentioned more. In addition to consideration on women’s role in society, he has also paid attention to their cultural role in his works. He pays special attention to their role in the family as well as women's economic power. He has sought the role of women in political events as behind-the-scenes and also motivating factors for men in their important political decisions.

نصراله عرفانی

هدف این پژوهش، ساخت و اعتباریابی پرسشنامۀ سنجش اثربخشی برنامه‌­های فرهنگی-تربیتی بر روی زندانیان به­ روش آمیخته و طرح، اکتشافی متوالی-ابزارسازی بود. در بخش کیفی، با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و روش معرف و قاعدۀ اشباع نظری، ده نفر از مطلعین کلیدی در زمینۀ برنامه‌­های فرهنگی-تربیتی زندان انتخاب شدند و در گروه کانونی شرکت کردند. در بخش کمی، جامعۀ­ آماری را کلیۀ زندانیان محکوم که دو ماه پایانی دورۀ محکومیت خود را در بازۀ زمانی سه ماهۀ پاییز 1399 در زندان مرکزی همدان سپری می‌­کردند و حداقل شش ماه زندانی بودند، تشکیل دادند. حجم نمونه، براساس جدول کوهن (1992)، 45 نفر معین شد که به­ شیوۀ دردسترس، 70 پرسشنامه توزیع و درعمل، 66 پرسشنامه تحلیل گردید. به­‌منظور گردآوری داده‌­ها، از پرسشنامۀ محقق­­ساختۀ سنجش اثربخشی برنامه‌­های فرهنگی-تربیتی زندان استفاده شد. داده‌ها به‌­شیوۀ الگویابی معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مجذورات جزئی به‌­وسیلۀ نرم‌افزار Smart PLS3 تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که ضرایب اثر شاخص­‌های همۀ مؤلفه‌ها معنا‌دار بودند (01/0P< ). پرسشنامۀ تدوین‌­شده از روایی هم­گرا (7/0AVE> ) و واگرا (  > r) و همچنین پایایی (7/0CA & CR > ) مناسب برخوردار بود. مقادیر واریانس تبیین‌­شده (67/0R2> ) و تناسب پیش‌­بین قابل (35/0Q2≥ ) قبول بودند و پرسشنامه از نیکویی برازش قوی داراست (573/0GoF= ). بنابراین، این پرسشنامه از مشخصات روان­سنجی مناسبی برخوردار است.

Zainab Noroozali

Abstract Structuralism is a theory that recognizes, studies and examines phenomena based on the rules and patterns that have created their fundamental structure; will pay. This method deals with various scientific disciplines and the phenomena in them and considers the phenomena in them as collections of interconnected elements. Vocabulary is also one of the genres of the word originality school. This school announced its presence in the early seventies by Arash Azarpik, one of the students of Simin Behbahani, by publishing the book The Third Genre and presenting his manifesto, and so far more than 30 literary genres have been introduced to the modern and post-Nimai literature of Iran and the world's postmodern literature.Vocabulary is a meta-structuralist genre in which words are citizens-words in the civil society of the text, and each of them has a comprehensive status of being and being, and in which the poetics of the text and narration are interwoven. In this article, using library sources and in a descriptive-analytical way, Shada's collection; The element of repetition, which is one of the structural elements in poetry, has been examined and analyzed in the vocabulary genre, specifically in the works of the Iranian Kurdish poet Banu Nilofar Masih, and it is clear that vocabulary, while creating unity between form and content, is a genre. It is ultra-structuralist in which the element of repetition has been able to emphasize and develop the works in addition to creating a form, a secondary meaning and making the work more visual.

Egor Lappo, Noah A. Rosenberg, Marcus W. Feldman

The study of cultural evolution benefits from detailed analysis of cultural transmission in specific human domains. Chess provides a platform for understanding the transmission of knowledge due to its active community of players, precise behaviors, and long-term records of high-quality data. In this paper, we perform an analysis of chess in the context of cultural evolution, describing multiple cultural factors that affect move choice. We then build a population-level statistical model of move choice in chess, based on the Dirichlet-multinomial likelihood, to analyze cultural transmission over decades of recorded games played by leading players. For moves made in specific positions, we evaluate the relative effects of frequency-dependent bias, success bias, and prestige bias on the dynamics of move frequencies. We observe that negative frequency-dependent bias plays a role in the dynamics of certain moves, and that other moves are compatible with transmission under prestige bias or success bias. These apparent biases may reflect recent changes, namely the introduction of computer chess engines and online tournament broadcasts. Our analysis of chess provides insights into broader questions concerning how social learning biases affect cultural evolution.

Riane Eisler

The following article is a personal tribute dedicated to evolutionary systems scientist, psychologist, and poet, David Loye. The article contains a collection of personal photographs of David Loye and partner, Riane Eisler alongside a poem written by Loye and the published obituary following his passing.

zeynab hosseini

An examination of the remnants of ancient Iranian texts demonstrates the importance of friendship in the beliefs of ancient Iranians. According to the teachings presented in these texts, achieving the desired Ahurai world depends on a correct understanding of the concept of friendship in teachings of Zoroaster. This descriptive-analytical study examines the various aspects of the concept of friendship in surviving texts of ancient Iran and seeks to answer the question of how the types of friendship appeared in the Achaemenid inscriptions and the texts of the old and new Avesta. The findings of this study show that In Gathas, the levels of friendship are expressed through friendship with Zarathustra and attribution to the Ahuraian attributes (six Amshaspandans). Zarathustra has provided a hierarchy according to which the Zoroastrian person at each stage is characterized by various manifestations of friendship and eventually achieves the friendship of Ahuramazda. With the spread of instances of doctrine, expressions of friendship have increased in the late Avesta. The Yazatas and Fravahr of good people are those who’ve joined the friends of Ahuramazda and mediate achieving friendship with Ahuramazda. Sushyants are also mentioned in the explanation of the end of the world; friends of Ahuramazda who will determine the fate of the great battle.The concept of friendship in Achaemenid inscriptions is based on creating a bond of friendship with Mazda effects. The consequences of friendship with truth and friendship with untruth and their impact on the fate of the kingdom are expressed.

Kathinka Frieswijk, Lorenzo Zino, Ming Cao

Motivated by the increasing number of COVID-19 cases that have been observed in many countries after the vaccination and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, we propose a mathematical model on time-varying networks for the spread of recurrent epidemic diseases in a partially vaccinated population. The model encapsulates several realistic features, such as the different effectiveness of the vaccine against transmission and development of severe symptoms, testing practices, the possible implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission, isolation of detected individuals, and human behaviour. Using a mean-field approach, we analytically derive the epidemic threshold of the model and, if the system is above such a threshold, we compute the epidemic prevalence at the endemic equilibrium. These theoretical results show that precautious human behaviour and effective testing practices are key toward avoiding epidemic outbreaks. Interestingly, we found that, in many realistic scenarios, vaccination is successful in mitigating the outbreak by reducing the prevalence of seriously ill patients, but it could be a double-edged sword, whereby in some cases it might favour resurgent outbreaks, calling for higher testing rates, more cautiousness and responsibility among the population, or the reintroduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions to achieve complete eradication.