I Nyoman Nugraha Ardana Putra, Busaini, Dwi Putra Buana Sakti
This study investigates the health levels of Core Capital 4 banks during the COVID-19 pandemic by employing methods that focus on credit risk and profitability. Designed as a comparative analysis, the research examines differences in the financial health of these banks prior to and throughout the pandemic. The study population consists of 46 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a purposive sampling technique applied to select four banks that meet specific criteria relevant to the study’s objectives. The analysis relies on secondary data, specifically annual financial statements published by each of the selected banks. The collected data were processed using descriptive statistical methods to provide an overview of the key financial indicators. Furthermore, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was employed to examine credit and capital risk indicators, revealing significant differences in the health levels of core capital 4 banks when comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Previous studies have examined bank health in the context of mergers, Islamic banking, or comparisons with conventional banks, but few have focused on core capital 4 banks as Indonesia’s largest group. Limited research has highlighted how these large-capital banks were specifically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study addresses that gap by comparing their credit risk and profitability before and during the crisis.
Background: Medical assistance in dying (“MAiD”) became legal across Canada in 2016, and in Québec in 2015. Provincial/territorial regulatory bodies play a critical role in MAiD as they can issue binding requirements on health practitioners. Law and regulatory standards are the “twin pillars” of MAiD regulation, yet the content of MAiD practice standards for physicians is unstudied. Design: This article analysed MAiD guidance for physicians from Canadian medical regulators (often called the “College of Physicians and Surgeons”), using a qualitative descriptive approach, informed by regulatory space theory. Methods: We identified MAiD-specific regulatory documents (practice standards and related documents) using web-based searches and follow-up inquiries. We analysed the documents using qualitative descriptive analysis and the Framework Method, facilitated by NVivo. The analysis focused on identifying areas where regulators issued guidance beyond the law. Results: We identified 15 regulatory documents from 11 of the 13 provinces and territories. We determined that these documents primarily outline the law without detailed guidance on how to apply it. We identified eight areas for which regulators provided guidance that went beyond the MAiD-specific legislation, most relating to core aspects of medical practice, such as competency, documentation, and patient-centred care. The rights and obligations of conscientious objectors were a predominant focus in all documents. The documents largely lacked guidance about the meaning of terms in the legislation. There was also variation in standards between provinces and territories; the documents focused on similar topics but varied in their policy choices. Physicians in each province/territory are therefore subject to differing expectations (to some extent). Conclusion: This study highlights a gap in guidance on the meaning of legal terms in the Criminal Code MAiD provisions and highlights interprovincial/territorial variability in MAiD practice standards and guidance for physicians. The study demonstrates the risks of fragmentation inherent in polycentric regulation, which can be challenging for physicians to navigate.
This study examines the impact of financial literacy, business management skills, and access to capital on the sustainability of women entrepreneurs' businesses. Using a quantitative approach, the findings reveal that financial literacy and business management skills significantly enhance business sustainability, equipping women entrepreneurs with essential decision-making and managerial capabilities. Access to capital also plays a crucial role in sustaining businesses by providing financial resources for growth and risk management. The moderating effects of access to capital present a nuanced dynamic. While access to capital strengthens the positive relationship between business management skills and business sustainability, it unexpectedly weakens the relationship between financial literacy and sustainability. This indicates that although financial resources are necessary, excessive reliance on external funding without strong financial management can hinder business success. These findings align with Resource-Based View, emphasizing the significance of both financial and managerial competencies. The study provides theoretical contributions by refining the understanding of financial literacy's role in business sustainability and highlighting the risks of financial mismanagement. Practically, it emphasizes the need for integrated policies that enhance financial education and managerial skills while ensuring responsible access to capital. Governments, financial institutions, and entrepreneurship programs in Indonesia should adopt a holistic approach by combining financial training with structured capital access. Despite its contributions, this study is limited by its cross-sectional design and geographical scope. Future research should explore longitudinal and qualitative perspectives to gain deeper insights. Overall, this study offers valuable recommendations for fostering sustainable women entrepreneurship, particularly in developing economies.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Mohamed Kamal Cherier, Maamar Hamdani, Ehsan Kamel
et al.
Opaque surfaces, such as walls, are well-known for their significant contributions to heat loss and energy demands in buildings. However, transparent surfaces, such as windows, are equally critical to a building's energy performance. The design of these transparent elements requires a careful balance of various factors, including window size, glazing type, and orientation, each of which plays a pivotal role in enhancing energy efficiency. This study explores the optimization of these factors during the design process, emphasizing their impact on the overall building performance.This research evaluates the potential energy savings in a building archetype representative of the Algerian building stock. Utilizing the EnergyPlus simulation tool, the study conducted 1152 simulations on a baseline model to generate a comprehensive dataset detailing the building's energy demands for heating and cooling across various climatic conditions. The findings reveal that annual energy savings for this type of housing essentially depend on its climatic zone and can range from 6.92 % for a hot semi-arid climate (Bsh) to reach a maximum of 9.75 % in a cold semi-arid climate (Bsk), a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 60 % typically maximizes energy efficiency, low-E glazing proved most effective in most cases, although regions needing significant solar protection favored alternative glazing types. Optimal window orientation generally trends Eastward, except in regions where southern exposure better supports solar management, highlighting the complex relationship between architectural design choices and energy efficiency.
We analyzed gender pay gap in academia using detailed performance data of all faculty members at the Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, during 2012–2022. Although we initially observed a small average pay gap in favor of male academics, we found that female academics received higher remuneration compared to their male counterparts, once we controlled for research and teaching productivity, prior education and work experience, ethnicity, and various academic appointments. Our results provide an insight into possible sources of gender bias and highlight the need to control for teaching and research performance when investigating gender pay gaps.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Maria Frasca, Davide La Torre, Gabriella Pravettoni
et al.
Abstract This review aims to explore the growing impact of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in the medical field, with a specific focus on the critical issues of explainability and interpretability associated with black-box algorithms. While machine learning algorithms are increasingly employed for medical analysis and diagnosis, their complexity underscores the importance of understanding how these algorithms explain and interpret data to take informed decisions. This review comprehensively analyzes challenges and solutions presented in the literature, offering an overview of the most recent techniques utilized in this field. It also provides precise definitions of interpretability and explainability, aiming to clarify the distinctions between these concepts and their implications for the decision-making process. Our analysis, based on 448 articles and addressing seven research questions, reveals an exponential growth in this field over the last decade. The psychological dimensions of public perception underscore the necessity for effective communication regarding the capabilities and limitations of artificial intelligence. Researchers are actively developing techniques to enhance interpretability, employing visualization methods and reducing model complexity. However, the persistent challenge lies in finding the delicate balance between achieving high performance and maintaining interpretability. Acknowledging the growing significance of artificial intelligence in aiding medical diagnosis and therapy, and the creation of interpretable artificial intelligence models is considered essential. In this dynamic context, an unwavering commitment to transparency, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaboration is imperative to ensure the responsible use of artificial intelligence. This collective commitment is vital for establishing enduring trust between clinicians and patients, addressing emerging challenges, and facilitating the informed adoption of these advanced technologies in medicine.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing, Electronic computers. Computer science
Murillo Alessandro Nascimento, Pedro Azevedo, Lívia Menezes
et al.
O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade da produção de etanol de segunda geração a partir da celulose contida no coco verde. Para fazê-lo, tópicos como inibidores de fermentação, o próprio processo fermentativo e a análise da metodologia de hidrólise ácida são discutidos. Dessa forma, um estudo sobre quão viável seria produzir um biocombustível utilizando o mesocarpo do coco verde como fonte foi realizado, concluindo que teoricamente o rendimento de etanol do coco verde é inferior ao do bagaço de cana, porém, em aspectos sustentáveis e ambientais, é considerável realizá-lo. O consumo de coco gera resíduos tanto industriais como em regiões litorâneas, e pouco se discute maneiras de reaproveitamento desses resíduos. A produção de biocombustíveis, especificamente do etanol de segunda geração, traz uma solução para esse problema. Os aspectos químicos referentes ao reaproveitamento do coco verde são ainda pouco difundidos, sendo comum a utilização da
cana-de-açúcar, contudo, o rendimento da utilização do coco verde pode ampliar a produção de biocombustíveis e revolucionar a indústria com a utilização dessa nova matriz.
Управління ІТ-проєктами ускладнюється стрімким розвитком нових технологій та постійним підвищенням вимог до актуальності та якості продуктів, що створюються в результаті. Стаття присвячена проблемам проєктного управління у сучасних IT-компаніях та напрямам удосконалення управління проєктами. Відзначено, що кожна IT-компанія унікальна і має свої особливості, а значить, для кожної компанії може знадобитися індивідуальний підхід до проєктного управління. У ході управління ІТ-проєктом, вирішення потребують такі питання: дедлайни, обмеження бюджету або недоліки людей, які можуть бути залучені до проєкту, керівник стикається з постійною необхідністю вирішення неординарних технологічних питань, пов'язаних з різними технічними засобами, ПЗ, операційною системою, труднощами з базами даних. Оскільки управляти ІТ-проєктами найскладніше, розглянуто низку загальних принципів, що дозволяють полегшити та спростити роботу з ними. Проаналізовано та систематизовано методологічні засади управління ІТ-проєктами, а також відзначено роль новації, яка почала застосовуватися нещодавно – штучний інтелект.
The present article analyses the case law of the Supreme Court of Cassation of the Republic of Serbia regarding the identification of persons conducted in pre-investigation proceedings and investigation by the police. The basic assumption is that the quality and precision of the criminal procedure rules and judgments of the Supreme Court of Cassation additionally determine the police actions in the conditions of expected harmonization of these rules with the most important scientific findings on factors ('system variables') that affect the accuracy of identification. To determine how the case law in Serbia treats certain assertions made in the requests for protection of legality regarding violations of criminal procedure regarding the identification of persons, the present article analyzed 33 judgments issued by the Supreme Court of Cassation regarding these requests in the period from 2013 to 2021. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations regarding the improvement of the current criminal procedure rules referring to the identification of persons in Serbia were provided, and that by respecting research-informed standards for the collection, preservation, and presentation of identification evidence.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
In the highly competitive Chinese construction market, developing a strategic orientation alone fails to maintain the sustainable competitive advantage of firms. In this paper, the mechanism of strategic orientation and business model innovation on corporate performance in a dynamic environment is investigated. Based on a sample of 356 Chinese construction firms, the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to test the hypotheses. It is found that entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation affect corporate performance differently. Unlike market orientation, which directly affects corporate performance, entrepreneurial orientation through business model innovation exerts influence instead of direct affection. Business model innovation plays a fully mediating role between entrepreneurial orientation and corporate performance and partially between market orientation and corporate performance. Meanwhile, environmental dynamism can positively moderate the relationship between business model innovation and corporate performance. This paper deepens the research on strategic orientation, business model innovation and corporate performance. The findings can provide a reference for construction firm managers to develop strategies and conduct business model innovation, which can finally help seek sustainable development in a dynamic environment.
This study aims to analyze and test the influence of job insecurity with job stress as mediation to performance in employees of convenience stores (retail) in Surabaya. The sample was 105 respondents. The data collection tool used is a questionnaire with a copying method using convenience sampling. Hypothesis analysis and testing techniques using PLS-based SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) (Partial Least Square) are processed using the SmartPLS 3.0 program. This study showed that job insecurity has a negative and significant effect on job stress, job stress has a positive and significant effect on performance, job insecurity has no effect on performance, and job insecurity has an indirect effect negatively and significantly on performance.
This article presents an analytic (non-simulation) dependence model for quantitative project risk analysis. The multi-factor association model (MFAM) accounts for multiple association factors in typical project settings and provides a closed-form solution to a complete and mathematically consistent correlation matrix. Given standardized, ubiquitous project plans (e.g., work breakdown structure, resource allocation, or risk register), the MFAM establishes a hierarchical tree of association factors, which is subsequently encoded into an analytic model for quantitative risk analysis. In this article, we present the MFAM programmed in Microsoft Excel and demonstrate the computational efficiency of the MFAM using two alternative schedules with distinct resource utilizations. With the enhanced robustness in dealing with multiple risk factors in a project and the computational efficiency from the non-simulation second-moment approach, the MFAM offers additional flexibility for and scalability to large-scale project risk analysis problems. The modelling procedures and solutions presented in this article highlight three potentials of the MFAM as a robust quantitative risk analysis tool.• The MFAM can be fully programmed in Microsoft Excel using only basic cell functions.• Under mild assumptions, the MFAM provides reliable risk estimates comparable to Monte Carlo simulation.• The MFAM is scalable to high-dimensional risk problems (i.e., with multi-thousands or more) with an affordable computational burden.