<i>Background</i>: Rapid helicopter air ambulance (HAA) response is a cornerstone of emergency medical logistics, yet the “time-to-care” metric remains highly sensitive to uncertainties in base posture, readiness, and operational disruptions. This study evaluates how these factors jointly influence response-time reliability and identifies strategies for improving service performance. <i>Methods</i>: A Monte Carlo simulation was developed to model the end-to-end HAA mission chain, including dispatch, wheels-up delay, en-route flight, and patient handoff, while accounting for uncertainty from weather, airspace congestion, and flight dynamics. Scenario experiments incorporated training improvements and alternative response protocols (Ground vs. Airborne Standby). <i>Results</i>: Simulation results indicate that operational factors reduced mean and tail response times, with Airborne Standby reducing the probability of exceeding a 45 min threshold by over 90% in urban night scenarios. Performance gains were most prominent in rural service areas and night operations, where disruption risks were highest. <i>Conclusions</i>: The findings offer evidence-based guidance for EMS logistics planners by clarifying how standby policies and readiness enhancements mitigate logistical risks.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Teshale Tadesse Fufa, Ludovic Montastruc, Stéphane Negny
et al.
<i>Background:</i> Sustainable supply chain development is a global priority driven by resource depletion, socio-economic challenges, and environmental concerns. Existing biofuel supply chain studies, however, often focus on isolated upstream or downstream processes and inadequately address multi-stakeholder engagement. Achieving sustainability requires coordinated participation of stakeholders across multiple decision levels, from individuals to society. This study proposes a collaborative framework to support sustainable biofuel development. <i>Methodology:</i> The framework comprises three steps: (i) current-state analysis through stakeholder identification, power–interest mapping, and engagement assessment; (ii) definition of a desired future state; and (iii) development of transition strategies integrating bottom-up and top-down approaches. The framework is applied to a biofuel case study in Ethiopia. <i>Results:</i> Twenty-four stakeholders were identified across nano, micro, meso, and macro levels. Power–interest and engagement analyses revealed key decision-makers and categorized stakeholders as aligned, passive, or militant. The results show that transitioning stakeholders toward active collaboration requires integrated strategies, including capability development, policy alignment, knowledge sharing, and technological advancement. These interventions support coordinated decision-making, improved resource management, and sustainability outcomes such as job creation, energy security, and greenhouse gas reduction. <i>Conclusions:</i> The proposed multi-level interaction framework effectively aligns stakeholders by integrating bottom-up and top-down strategies. It provides a systematic approach to guiding collaborative transitions toward sustainable development.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Wipada Sompong, Siwarit Pongsakornrungsilp, Pimlapas Pongsakornrungsilp
et al.
<i>Background:</i> This study presents a bibliometric analysis of key performance indicators (KPIs) for sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Despite growing academic attention, particularly after 2020, important gaps remain in how sustainability performance is measured and assessed in SME contexts. <i>Methods:</i> Using the Scopus database, we identified 169 relevant studies published between 2004 and 2025. The dataset was obtained through sustainability- and SME-related keyword filtering, followed by manual screening based on predefined eligibility criteria. <i>Results:</i> The findings reveal a research landscape dominated by economic and technological KPI dimensions, with Italy, India, and Indonesia emerging as leading contributors. However, the results also indicate limited research attention to social sustainability, organizational capabilities, and governance within SME supply chains. Overall, eight underexplored KPI domains are identified as opportunities for future research and practical development. <i>Conclusions:</i> This analysis clarifies the intellectual landscape of SSCM KPI research and provides evidence-based insights for researchers and practitioners regarding which KPI dimensions are emphasized and which remain underdeveloped for practical application in SME supply chains, without developing or validating a new KPI framework.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
<i>Background</i>: Ensuring cost-efficient and high-quality processes for logistics tasks is a significant competitive factor for companies. This includes not only improving existing processes but also examining outsourcing opportunities. Current trends, such as the increasing variety of products, shorter product life cycles, and a dynamically changing economic environment, necessitate frequent reviews and, if needed, the reorganization of logistics activities. <i>Methods</i>: Modern digitalization technologies (e.g., digital twins, artificial intelligence, etc.) open new possibilities for (re)evaluating outsourcing decisions, such as improving process transparency and leveraging optimization opportunities. The currently applied solutions are fragmented and, in many cases, do not integrate digitalization technologies and standardized examination processes, necessitating the development of a new process development framework concept. The research follows an inductive–deductive methodology, combining practical industrial experience with a thorough literature review. <i>Results</i>: The framework presented in this study enables a faster and more efficient evaluation compared to previous approaches by incorporating the application of digitalization technologies. The validity of the developed concept is demonstrated through a case study. <i>Conclusions</i>: The findings highlight the importance of integrating digitalization technologies into logistics process development to enhance decision-making and efficiency. The proposed framework provides a structured approach that facilitates a more effective evaluation of outsourcing decisions and process improvements.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Fernando Pauli de Bastiani, Thiago Guilherme Péra, José Vicente Caixeta-Filho
<i>Background:</i> Brazil is one of the largest consumers of fertilizers and is highly dependent on the international market to meet its demand for agricultural production inputs. The complexity of the fertilizer supply chain motivated us to carry out this study on redesigning the fertilizer logistics chain and evaluate strategies for reducing logistics costs by redesigning the fertilizer mixing network in Brazil, a country that is heavily dependent on imported fertilizers for agriculture. <i>Methods:</i> We introduce a multi-product mixed-integer linear programming optimization model encompassing the logistics network, from import ports to mixing factories and agricultural fertilizer supply centers. This model includes logistics infrastructure and taxes, accounting for greenhouse gas emissions (specifically carbon dioxide) in fertilizer logistics. <i>Results:</i> The results indicate that expanding the port capacity for fertilizer importation can significantly reduce logistics costs and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 22.5%, decreasing by 23.9% compared to the baseline. We also observed that removing taxes on fertilizer importation can reduce logistics costs by approximately 11%, but it increases greenhouse gas emissions by 2.25% due to increased reliance on road transport. We identified 15 highly resilient regions for establishing mixing factories, evaluated various scenarios and determined the importance of these locations in optimizing the fertilizer supply network in the country. Moreover, the results suggest a significant potential to enhance the role of Brazil’s Northern Arc region in fertilizer import flows. <i>Conclusions:</i> Public policies and private initiatives could be directed toward encouraging the establishment of mixing factories in the identified regions and increasing transport capacity in the Northern Arc region. Improving the logistical conditions of the fertilizer network would contribute to food security by reducing the costs of essential inputs in food production and promoting sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
In this study, the crashworthiness of a novel rectangular energy absorber, constructed from stainless steel SUS301L-DLT, is examined under axial and offset loadings. In this task the LS-DYNA explicit nonlinear finite element is used to construct and examine the models. To validate the numerical modeling, some results are compared to the existing experimental ones. The results of the new models demonstrate a notable enhancement in crashworthiness parameters in comparison to the original model, with the energy absorption parameter exhibiting an increase of 11.23%. Notably, the presented model demonstrates stable performance under offset loading conditions of up to 45 mm displacement. Subsequently, the thickness effect of the lozenge-shaped structure is investigated considering 11 different cases. It has been demonstrated that an increase in thickness results in a higher energy absorption capacity without an accompanying increase in the initial peak force.
<i>Background:</i> In this essay, we address an important issue in the logistics education discourse relating to student-centered curriculum design and evaluation. <i>Methods:</i> We adopt an integrative approach based on conceptual development and guided by constructive alignment. <i>Results:</i> We apply and elaborate our conceptual framework using a case of a teaching plan in logistics management. We also propose an evaluation strategy for our teaching plan in the form of a template. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our essay contributes to the logistics education discourse by using learning theories and developing curriculum design and evaluation guidelines that can be replicated by other educators.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Sugeng Santoso, R. Nurhidayat, Gustofan Mahmud
et al.
<i>Background</i>: Efforts made to calculate the logistics costs in Indonesia, at the macro level, are facing various problems, due to the fact that there have been no national agreements—to any models employed—to calculate those costs. Moreover, limited data and information due to the lack of use of such integrated information technology to reduce the information asymmetry on the logistics processes and activities have created some additional problems. <i>Objective</i>: This study is aimed at reviewing the measurement model, of the logistics costs used in Indonesia, at the macro level. <i>Method</i>: It provides a potential measurement approach proposed by several previous studies as an alternative option that may help develop the existing models by elaborating on their limitations. <i>Results</i>: The results of this study emphasize the recognition of the components of the logistics costs and the formulation of a more accurate, transparent, and comprehensive measurement framework to improve the standard used to assess the logistics costs. <i>Conclusion:</i> Thus, the calculation output of the logistics costs is expected to be able to provide stakeholders with reliable information to develop an efficient logistics system. Furthermore, logistics costs will be more controllable, allowing Indonesia to achieve such comparative advantages.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Dwi Iryaning Handayani, Ilyas Masudin, Ahmad Rusdiansyah
et al.
<i>Background:</i> Traceability systems and carbon emissions are two important factors involved in production and distribution activities. The involvement of these two factors in production and distribution activities along the supply chain will ensure the safety and quality of food through the manufacture, packaging and distribution of products with minimal costs and in an environmentally friendly way. <i>Objective</i>: This study aimed to develop a model of canned fish food production and distribution integration by considering traceability and carbon emissions to minimize total costs. <i>Method:</i> A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach was used to develop mathematical models and the optimal solution of the model created was obtained using an open-source spreadsheet solver program. <i>Results:</i> The results show that the proposed models produce the minimum total production and distribution cost with high traceability and low carbon emissions. <i>Conclusions:</i> The sensitivity analysis from this study shows that there is a significant relationship between production, carbon emissions, and the total cost of production-distribution. Moreover, it was concluded that the production level, carbon emission level, and emission threshold can have a significant influence in the generation of the total carbon emissions.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
The importance of considering forward and backward flows simultaneously in supply chain networks spurs an interest to develop closed-loop supply chain networks (CLSCN). Due to the expanded scope in the supply chain, designing CLSCN often faces significant uncertainties. This paper proposes a fuzzy multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model to deal with uncertain parameters in CLSCN. The two objective functions are minimization of overall system costs and minimization of negative environmental impact. Negative environmental impacts are measured and quantified through CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent emission. Uncertainties include demand, return, scrap rate, manufacturing cost and negative environmental factors. The original formulation with uncertain parameters is firstly converted into a crisp model and then an aggregation function is applied to combine the objective functions. Numerical experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model formulation and solution approach. Sensitivity analyses on degree of feasibility, the weighing of objective functions and coefficient of compensation have been conducted. This model can be applied to a variety of real-world situations, such as in the manufacturing production processes.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Przystupa Krzysztof, Qin Zhang, Zabolotnii Serhii
et al.
The object of this study is a multicriteria transport problem, being stated for availability of several means of cargo delivery, meaning a multimodal transport problem. The optimization criteria of the multimodal transport problem described above are two objective functions of minimizing total transportation costs and level of transport risks. Three types of transport were selected for research: automobile, rail and river (inland waterway). The results of the study lay the foundation for development of a new valid algorithm for solving multimodal transport problems like multi-criteria optimization ones. The main advantage of such an algorithm lies in its higher potential convergence rate compared to classical numerical optimization methods, which now are predominantly used to solve the problems of this type. This advantage may not be decisive, but it appears to be at least quite an important argument when choosing the method of realization for two-criteria multimodal transport problems earlier considered, especially, in case of a large dimension. Moreover, the algorithm described in the work can be applied to similar problems with any number of types of transport and optimization criteria.
Remedies for breach of contractual obligations are among the most critical areas of contract law in every legal system. In German contract law, the right to receive specific performance is the first obligation of the debtor. If a debtor fails to do this obligation, the creditor has the right to claim compensation for the loss. Reviewing the conditions for a claim for damages shows that the notion of fault is still essential in the new German Civil Code. Causation and the predictability of loss, are some other notable rules for a claim for damages. The possibility of a claim for different contractual damages categorized by nature in this study includes damage to property, personal injury, consequential damages, expectation interests, reliance interests, the loss of opportunity, and the moral damages. The classification of Damages by cause includes Damages in lieu of performance, damages for delay in performance, and the simple damages that have great importance in the new German Civil Code. In this article, the claim for contractual damages and different types of damages also has been taking into account from the German legal precedent viewpoint. Since the use of legislative and judicial experience of the German legal system can identify gaps in the Iranian contract law, in various sections of the article, the comparison of these two legal systems has been considered in an analytical-descriptive manner.
Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law, Islamic law
Finding the optimal location of new stations along the rail transportation network is considered in this study by proposing a mathematical model. Two simultaneous effects on railway demand points (users) are investigated, namely, the time effect and the covered population which is achieved by constructing new stations. The better accessibility of demand points to rail network is considered as the positive one and the negative effect concerns the increased travel time induced by additional stops at newly constructed stations. Two objective functions are considered including the saved travel time and the covered population. The proposed model has been implemented as a case study on Tehran subway network and the results are presented.
The transport activity is one of the most expensive processes in the supply chain. Forwarding and transport companies focuses on the optimization of transportation and the reduction of transport costs.
This article is concerned with the static analysis of structural cables used in railway overheads. Structural analysis computer program named ANSYS is used for analysis. Two effects are considered in the analysis. First one is the bending behavior effect of cables. BEAM188 in addition to LINK10 and LINK180 is used to see the difference in case of additional bending effect. Besides, LINK10 and LINK180 is also compared. Second one is the effect of pantograph. Pantograph is modelled as a contact element instead of a force. Accordingly, some sample cable systems similar to railway overhead are analyzed.
Aleksejevs Ruslans, Guseinovs Raufs, Medvedev Alexander N.
et al.
In this work we consider a specific problem of optimal planning of maritime transportation of multiproduct cargo by ships of one (corporate strategy) or several (partially corporate strategy) companies: the core of the problem consists of the existence of the network of intermediate seaports (i.e. transitional seaports), where for every ship arrived the cargo handling is done, and which are situated between the starting and the finishing seaports. In this work, there are mathematical models built from scratch in the form of multicriteria optimization problem; then the goal attainment method of Gembicki is used for reducing the built models to a one-criterion problem of linear programming.
Bulycheva Elena V., Krek Aleksander V., Kostianoy Andrey G.
et al.
Results of operational satellite monitoring of oil pollution of the sea surface together with in-situ measurements of the oil products concentration in the water column for the first time allowed to establish relation between the surface pollution originated from ships, and the general characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of oil products in the water column in the Southeastern Baltic Sea. Areas with heightened concentrations of oil products in the surface and bottom layers were determined for the study area. The main directions of the contamination propagation are agreed with the main direction of annual mean transport of substances in the Gdansk Basin.
<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Lavoro pubblico (rapporto) – FES – sopravvenienza della del d. lgs. n. 150 della 2009 – conseguenze – modificazione dei presupposti di erogabilità degli incentivi - nullità successiva - sussiste.*</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><em><span lang="it-IT">Dalla data di entrata in vigore del d .lgs. n. 150 del 2009 (15 novembre 2009) ed attesane la natura imperativa delle sue disposizioni in materia di incentivi di produttività, si produce la nullità sopravvenuta delle previsioni contrattuali collettive nazionali e decentrate ad esso anteriori e con esso in contrasto</span></em></span></span></p>
Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Lavoro (controversie) – area della tutela obbligatoria - licenziamento orale intimato prima dell'entrata in vigore della legge n. 92 del 2012 - giudizio instaurato successivamente – nuovo rito - applicabilità.*</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Lavoro (rapporto) – licenziamento orale intimato prima dell'entrata in vigore della legge n. 92 del 2012 – giudizio instaurato successivamente – art. 18 nuovo testo – applicabilità – esclusione.*</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Lavoro (controversie) – lavoro irregolare – differenze retributive connesse all'accertamento della natura del rapporto - inammissibilità.*</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Lavoro (controversie) – area della tutela obbligatoria - licenziamento orale intimato prima dell'entrata in vigore della legge n. 92 del 2012 – mera domanda di condanna al pagamento dell'indennità ex art. 8 della l. n. 604 del 1966 – irrilevanza – offerta della prestazione – necessità – invito alla reintegrazione – insufficienza – domanda giudiziale di pagamento dell'indennità risarcitoria – irrilevanza – conseguenze – carenza di interesse ad agire – rigetto nel merito .*</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><em>Alla controversia di impugnazione del licenziamento, il cui ricorso sia stato depositato successivamente all'entrata in vigore della legge n. 92 del 2012, si applica il nuovo rito speciale, ancorché il licenziamento si sia perfezionato in data anteriore e ancorchè sia assoggettato alla tutela obbligatoria. *</em></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><em>L'inefficacia del licenziamento privo del requisito della forma scritta non comporta l'automatico riconoscimento, in capo al prestatore di lavoro, del diritto alla corresponsione delle retribuzioni non percepite in seguito alla interruzione di fatto del rapporto contrattuale. Poiché non integrano costituzione in </em>mora accipiendi<em> né l'impugnazione del licenziamento con la richiesta stragiudiziale di essere reintegrato, né la domanda giudiziale di condanna all'indennità ex art. 8 della legge n.604 del 1966 quest'ultima domanda deve essere rigettata. *</em></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><em>La domanda del ricorrente, con riferimento all'accertamento presupposto della natura subordinata del rapporto, volta alla corresponsione delle differenze retributive, deve esser dichiarata inammissibile, atteso che l'art. 1, comma 48 dispone che con il ricorso non possono essere proposte domande diverse da quelle di cui al comma 47 del presente articolo (salvo che siano fondate sugli identici fatti costitutivi)</em></span></span></p>
Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law