The study analyses the legislative changes made by the Act of 7 July 2023 amending the Act – the Code of Civil Procedure, the Act – the Law on the System of Common Courts, the Act – the Code of Criminal Procedure and some other acts, relating to the institution of subsidiary prosecution, concerning the discontinuation of criminal proceedings due to the lack of a complaint of an authorised accuser by a decision issued at a session or a main hearing. They were related to the introduction of the provisions of Article 339 § 3b and Article 368a to the Code of Criminal Procedure. The aim of the analysis undertaken was to assess the legitimacy of the changes made. The research carried out by the dogmatic-legal method led to the conclusion that the two new articles are inconsistent with each other, and that the changes introduced are unlikely to improve the quality of criminal proceedings conducted following the filing of a subsidiary indictment.
Law, Political institutions and public administration (General)
Mayra Carolina Ataide de Oliveira, Agatha De Araújo Garmes, Isabel Felipe Pontual Machado
et al.
Este artigo analisa os efeitos de um arranjo institucional produzido por atores não estatais, com base no Framework Institutional Analyses for Development (IAD). O estudo compara a implementação do Protocolo Comunitário do Bailique em três comunidades ribeirinhas do arquipélago do Bailique, no delta do Amazonas, Brasil. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, foram realizadas 32 entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores locais selecionados pelo método bola de neve. A análise utilizou o método de Análise de Conteúdo Dirigida, focando em dois atributos do framework IAD: regras e atributos da comunidade. Os resultados mostram uma compreensão limitada dos atores locais sobre o arranjo institucional, embora as práticas observadas estejam parcialmente alinhadas ao protocolo. Essa discrepância reflete um ruído comunicacional entre o problema identificado no protocolo e o percebido pelos atores locais. O artigo propõe a abordagem da ação pública como chave metateórica para discutir arranjos institucionais voltados ao desenvolvimento sustentável em futuras investigações.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Edson Cordeiro dos Santos, Maria Fernanda Rezende Nunes, Gabriela Scramingnon
Este artigo analisa deliberações municipais para identificar as condições do acesso de crianças à Educação Infantil. A metodologia fundamenta-se na análise da implementação de políticas, investigando como as normas nacionais são aplicadas e examinando os discursos presentes. Os municípios foram selecionados pelo conceito de pares, considerando que localidades com características semelhantes – como porte, matrículas e PIB – podem apresentar abordagens distintas em relação ao acesso, abrangendo 16 municípios e a capital do Estado. Os resultados indicam que alguns documentos nacionais conseguem se impor na indução e que há diferentes formatos de conselhos. Nas deliberações, o público-alvo está majoritariamente associado a instituições privadas e comunitárias; o corte etário geralmente segue a data estabelecida nas Diretrizes; a obrigatoriedade é tratada em 57% dos casos; a formação é predominantemente em nível superior, com no mínimo o Normal; a infraestrutura segue critérios mínimos; a enturmação apresenta subdivisões variadas; e a relação profissional/criança oferece diversas proporções.
AbstractThe military and the family are “greedy institutions” that require the full attention of their members. Being aware of the tension between work and family, the United States military has developed family support policies that are more generous than legally required to ensure personnel readiness. However, family formation remains a major obstacle for recruitment, retention, and integration of women. Using administrative data, this research shows that fathers were more likely to leave prematurely for family reasons than childless men, particularly among non‐Hispanic Black and American Indian/Alaska Native men. However, women who gave birth while in service were much less likely to leave for work–family reasons than childless women, while the same could not be said for women who joined as mothers and had no additional children. The results reflect the gendered logic of the organization and the narrow conceptualization of work–family conflict, both of which perpetuate gender‐role stereotypes.
El 14 de noviembre de 2021, en la Argentina se desarrollaron elecciones para la Cámara de Diputados y el Senado. En este artículo se analiza la coyuntura, así como las reglas de competencia, las fuerzas políticas, los resultados electorales y la nueva composición de las cámaras. Se observa que el Frente de Todos perdió en la mayoría del país y experimentó una reducción de bancas en ambas cámaras del Congreso. El principal beneficiario de esta elección fue Juntos por el Cambio que, a diferencia del anterior proceso electoral, incrementó sus escaños. Adicionalmente, destaca la performance de terceras fuerzas políticas y la mayor presencia de mujeres en el Congreso Nacional a partir de la implementación de la paridad.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Opinion on the concept of state has a deep root in the history of western political thought. Although there have been brief and marginal studies in this area in ancient Greece, we notice more attention to the concept of state and its coordinates since the Renaissance. Germany, during eighteenth century, is one of the most important arenas on this concept. As one of its thinkers and contemporary of Hegel, Schopenhauer has also paid attention to the issue of state during his discussions. The problem of the present study is the nature of state in Schopenhauer's political thought. The hypothesis of the present paper is that Schopenhauer's theory of state as opposed to Hegelian thought, rejects the totalitarian and the Hegelian ideal state on one hand, and, based on the rule of the concept of evil and how he views metaphysics in its philosophical apparatus on the other hand, takes on a minimalist and protective nature.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
The works included in this compendium summary address themes relevant to the elections and democracy in the Caribbean region. The states that fall within the relevant “region” include the formerly English, French, and Dutch colonies in the Caribbean Sea and the South and Central American mainland, as well as the remaining English, French, Dutch, Danish, and Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. The aim of this bibliography is to provide readers and researchers with a broad overview of the kinds of theoretical, thematic, and empirical emphases that have framed the questions around which the electoral and democratic landscape of the Caribbean has been studied. For purposes of clarification, the collection does not address Caribbean democracy as a stand-alone isolated issue, but instead provides a survey of works on elections in the Caribbean through the lens of their interrelation with Caribbean democratic history, practice, culture, and constitutional development and institutional framework. (A survey of Caribbean democracy will require isolated treatment). Relatedly, while the article addresses the experience of the wider Caribbean, much of the emphasis on the intellectual output is on the works relevant to the English-speaking Caribbean. Where the experiences of the non-English countries have given rise to critical intellectual interventions, these are included to bring balance to the Caribbean story and to highlight commonalities and divergences, useful for researchers interested in comparative analyses. Following this introduction, the article is divided into eleven thematic sections, examining (1) seminal texts and works on Caribbean democracy and Caribbean elections, or works providing general data and analysis of large blocs of countries or works presenting pathbreaking theoretical treatment of critical issues in Caribbean democracy; (2) texts addressing the issue of the administration and governance of elections, inclusive of concerns with money and electoral financing; (3) texts concerned with constitutional development; (4) texts on electoral reform; (5) works addressing dysfunctionalities such as electoral corruption and electoral violence; (6) women and political participation; (7) public opinion and voting behavior; (8) works concerned with providing analyses of the results and outcomes of Caribbean elections in a largely statistical or data-capturing sense; and (9) works that have sought to offer analyses of Caribbean elections in relation to the broader political-economy of the region. Given the reality of ethnic division and the absence of racial and cultural uniformity in several countries of the Caribbean, one of the sections is devoted to (10) surveying some of the key works that have addressed the challenges of ethnicity, ethnic mobilization, and ethnic voting, and their implications for democratic development. The final section presents (11) the main works that have sought to address the very important question of election monitoring in the Caribbean.
Carlos Barbosa Correa Junior, Leonardo Nelmi Trevisan, Cristina Helena Pinto de Mello
Resumo Beneficiando cerca de 14 milhões de famílias brasileiras, o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) é um dos mais importantes programas brasileiros de transferência condicionada de renda dos últimos anos. A investigação dos impactos do PBF, no mercado de trabalho formal dos 5.570 municípios brasileiros, no período de 2004 a 2013, constitui o principal objetivo deste artigo. Usando dados totais de cada um dos municípios da União, obtidos no Cadastro Único do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social (MDS) e no Cadastro Central de Empresas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), métodos de estimação dos mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO), modelos de dados em painel e modelos dinâmicos, testam-se as hipóteses da associação do benefício do PBF com a quantidade de pessoal ocupado assalariado formal e com o total dos salários e de outras remunerações. Nos três modelos utilizados, os resultados indicam associação positiva para as duas hipóteses testadas.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Solange Maria da Conceição dos Santos Farrajota, Roselane Gomes Bezerra
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a implementação das políticas públicas de turismo e de regularização fundiária pelo poder público estadual a partir dos anos 1990 na Vila de Jericoacoara. O Estado do Ceará, visando a frear ou acabar com as transações ilegais de compra e venda de terras e, ao mesmo tempo, buscando garantir a propriedade aos reais posseiros e impulsionar o turismo na área, por meio do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agrário do Ceará (Idace), iniciou a política pública fundamentada juridicamente na Lei Estadual n. 12.760/1997, destinada a regularizar as terras em Jericoacoara. Essa ação conferiu segurança jurídica aos investimentos realizados no setor turístico.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Os Exchanged Traded Funds (ETFs) se tornaram um veículo de investimentos amplamente difundido, com características únicas que não foram ainda suficientemente estudadas. Além disso, modelos de precificação consolidados não são suficientes para analisar a dinâmica de um tipo de fundo que adiciona uma nova dimensão em relação aos fundos de investimento tradicionais: a variação do preço das quotas, negociadas em bolsa de valores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fornecer uma revisão teórica dos modelos utilizados para a mensuração do desvio do preço, do tracking error e da performance, bem como propor medidas que satisfaçam a teoria e contribuam para o avanço dos trabalhos na área. Foi realizado um levantamento dos estudos anteriores acerca dos modelos/medidas de tracking error, performance e desvio do preço utilizados na literatura internacional de Exchange-Traded Funds, evidenciando que os conceitos envolvidos não estão solidificados. Portanto, verificou-se a necessidade de legitimação de medidas que satisfaçam as demandas de estudos empíricos nesta seara, fornecendo as bases e a justificativa para a proposição de medidas. Assim, foram propostas medidas que visaram congregar os interesses de investigações teóricas e empíricas, no intuito de contribuir para a convergência de pesquisas futuras. Os resultados deste trabalho servem como subsídios para a formação da teoria de ETFs.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Business
Do government employees have more confidence in government than their counterparts in other sectors? The public service motivation (PSM) literature suggests that they should, but this assertion has never been tested. In this paper, we examine how public servants feel about the federal government and compare these feelings with those of employees in other sectors. Although we find that public servants hold some parts of government in higher regard than their counterparts, this finding does not apply to every branch of government. The patterns of confidence in institutions we find among America’s public servants suggest that there is a limit to PSM.
This paper examines attempts to integrate environmental sustainability goals into the design and implementation of projects funded by the EU Structural Funds programmes in the U.K. between 2000 and 2006. It does so by comparing how the two “horizontal priorities” (environmental sustainability and gender equality) fared in terms of understanding and acceptance by project applicants. It places this material within the wider context of literature on environmental policy integration and inter-agency cooperation. A “policy coordination” framework is used as a heuristic device to construct an account of the ways in which the two themes were handled through the interplay of the myriad of actors and organisations involved in the process. A key part in this involved the deployment of “policy champions” to work with external organisations bidding for funding to support projects that formed the core of programme implementation. The paper also examines the variable reactions on the part of project designers to the requirement to incorporate environmental and gender goals and the greater inter-professional networking that these implied. The comparison between the two priorities clearly demonstrates the difficulties inherent in the breadth and complexity of environmental issues and the need in the first instance to link them to relatively simple actions directly associated with economic development activity. The study concludes that this is essentially the first step in a more protracted “policy learning” process.
Political institutions and public administration (General)