Quantum illumination represents one of the most interesting examples of quantum technologies. On the one hand, it can find significant applications; on the other hand, it is one of the few quantum protocols robust against noise and losses. Here we present a short summary of the history of this quantum protocol.
Mohammed Almekhlafi, Antoine Lesage-Landry, Gunes Karabulut Kurt
Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in remote areas, this paper proposes a hybrid satellite architecture for task offloading that combines Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and LEO satellites. We develop an optimization framework to maximize task offloading admission rate while balancing the energy consumption and delay requirements. Accounting for satellite visibility and limited computing resources, our approach integrates dynamic path selection with frequency and computational resource allocation. Because the formulated problem is NP-hard, we reformulate it into a mixed-integer convex form using disjunctive constraints and convex relaxation techniques, enabling efficient use of off-the-shelf optimization solvers. Simulation results show that, compared to a standalone LEO network, the proposed hybrid LEO-MEO architecture improves the task admission rate by 15\% and reduces the average delay by 12\%. These findings highlight the architecture's potential to enhance connectivity and user experience in remote Arctic areas.
Sammendrag Den pågående malmmangelen i mellomkrigsårene skulle endre tyske myndigheters syn på Norge og Narvik som et land og en by som var uten særlig militær interesse for det sentrale Europa. Truslene fra land i øst og vest angående tyskernes tilgang på malm medførte etablering av flere tyske spionnettverk i nord. Artikkelen tar for seg Abwehrs spionvirksomhet og deres etterretningsoppdrag med deres strategiske tilstedeværelse i Narvik.
Theo Glauch, Ali Kheirandish, Tomas Kontrimas
et al.
The recent detection of TeV neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 by IceCube suggests that AGN could make a sizable contribution to the total high-energy cosmic neutrino flux. The absence of TeV gamma rays from NGC 1068, indicates neutrino production originates in the innermost region of the AGN. Disk-corona models predict a correlation between neutrinos and keV X-rays in Seyfert galaxies, a subclass of AGN to which NGC 1068 belongs. Using 10 years of IceCube through-going track events, we report results from searches for neutrino signals from 27 additional sources in the Northern Sky by studying both the generic single power-law spectral assumption and spectra predicted by the disk-corona model. Our results show excesses of neutrinos associated with two sources, NGC 4151 and CGCG 420-015, at 2.7$σ$ significance, and at the same time constrain the collective neutrino emission from our source list.
Et understudert område innen forskning på kvinners yrkesliv i Norge er hvordan individuelle forutsetninger kunne påvirke yrkesvalg. Det inkluderer forskning på sosialt påvirkede yrkesmuligheter og muligheter for sosialt opp- og nedrykk (sosial mobilitet). Denne artikkelen diskuterer først en metodologi for å studere kvinners yrkesmuligheter og sosiale mobilitet med sosial bakgrunn tatt i betraktning. Deretter presenteres noen konkrete funn angående dette for ugifte kvinner mellom 15 og 30 år i Hamar i 1891 og i 1910. Et fokus i artikkelen er på utviklingstrekk mellom 1891 og 1910, og disse ses i lys av markedsøkonomiens vekst og endringer i kvinners rettigheter for øvrig. Med utgangspunkt i det metodologiske rammeverket og tross metodeutfordringer er resultatet tydelig: Kvinner med ulik sosial bakgrunn hadde ulike yrkesmuligheter. I både 1891 og 1910 fant det sted betydelig sosial selvrekruttering, en del sosialt nedrykk og kun litt sosialt opprykk. Langt ifra alle kvinner tjente umiddelbart på utvidelse av sine rettigheter innen utdanning og selvstendig næringsdrift. Innen 1910 kunne flere kvinner «unnslippe» nedrykk, i stor grad på grunn av veksten i funksjonærsektoren.
This study focuses on selected literary texts, which were created around 1980 and deal with the subject of suicide. An overview-based study attempts to incorporate these texts into the context of the history of German-language literature and to describe the form and function of suicide in these works. Relatively conventional works representing the "Neue Subjektivität" are presented in biographically tuned prose written by female authors (Christa Wolf, Karin Reschke) and Bernward Vesper's novel Reise, which deals with unsuccessfully reconcilitation of the relationship between son and father. The works of Wolfgang Hildesheimer and Botho Strauß are shown as less conventional. The final chapters devote themselves to dramatic (Max Frisch) and prose texts in which suicide is portrayed as part of the events that is concludes in a cycle of eternal repetition or is seen by transhuman optics in which the perspective of individual life is transcended by the perspective of the human race or the development of the planet Earth (evolutionary and geological overlaps).
Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages, History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia
Radio continuum, microwave and gamma-ray images of the Milky Way reveal a conspicuous, loop-like structure that fills almost half of the northern Galactic hemisphere, called Loop I. The interior of Loop I is shining in soft X-rays, and its eastern base is a bright, elongated structure dubbed the North Polar Spur (NPS). After 40 years of debates, two contradictory views of Loop I/NPS are still defended: on the one hand, the NPS is a volume of expanding hot gas that envelops and extends the northern Fermi Bubble (FB) known to be blown by the Galactic center, and Loop I marks the shock front; on the other hand, the NPS is a nearby cavity of hot gas blown by supernovae, Loop I is its shock front and they are coincidentally located in the direction of the FB. To an observer at the Sun, both structures can produce the same perspective view, although the former has a size comparable to the Milky Way itself, and the latter a diameter of a few hundreds parsecs. The energy involved varies by 3-4~orders of magnitude, and the solution has various important consequences. I discuss recent results which have a connection with Loop I/NPS, overlooked or used as arguments in the two opposite ways. They involve very different spacecraft, from a 12 Kg Cubesat (HaloSat) to major space-borne observatories (HST, Gaia, and Spektr-RG). I make use of 3D~maps of dust and a massive star catalog. Considering all constraints, it is clear that there is no entirely local or entirely distant scenario that is free from contradictions with some of the data analyses or from improbable coincidences. I discuss a speculative scenario, partially inspired by recent BF and Milky Way gas models, combining near and far aspects and seeming to be able to meet the various constraints. However, new data and models are needed to bring the controversy to a close and we can still expect new episodes of this long story.
This article documents an attempt to translate one chapter of a novel Die Dämonen by Heimito von Doderers from Early New High German into Czech. In its first and main part, it describes how the author treated this historical language, the means he used and to what purpose, and also, the method that would be chosen for its translation into Czech. The second part of the article deals with the sensory perception in this particular passage and how the individual senses are communicated to the reader.
Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages, History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia
This article discusses the influence of lawyers on language culture. First, jurisprudence is identified as a specific form of philology, which explains its affinity to questions of language culture. This is followed by a sketch of the lawyers' influence on German language culture which is based on historical examples. Finally, the article offers a critical discussion of the official bureaucratic use of German language ("Kanzleistil") which was mainly founded by lawyers.
Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages, History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia
We present a new method that incorporates the horizontal branch morphology into synthetic colour-magnitude diagram based star formation history determinations. This method, we call MORGOTH, self-consistently takes into account all the stellar evolution phases up to the early asymptothic giant branch, flexibly modelling red giant branch mass loss. We test MORGOTH on a range of synthetic populations, and find that the inclusion of the horizontal branch significantly increases the precision of the resulting star formation histories. When the main sequence turn-off is detected, MORGOTH can fit the star formation history and the red giant branch mass loss at the same time, efficiently breaking this degeneracy. As part of testing MORGOTH, we also model the observed colour-magnitude diagram of the well studied Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We recover a new more detailed star formation history for this galaxy. Both the new star formation history and the red giant branch mass loss we determined for Sculptor with MORGOTH are in good agreement with previous analyses, thus demonstrating the power of this new approach.
The Maxey-Riley equation has been extensively used by the fluid dynamics community to study the dynamics of small inertial particles in fluid flow. However, most often, the Basset history force in this equation is neglected. Including the Basset force in numerical solutions of particulate flows involves storage requirements which rapidly increase in time. Thus the significance of the Basset history force in the dynamics has not been understood. In this paper, we show that the Maxey-Riley equation in its entirety can be exactly mapped as a forced, time-dependent Robin boundary condition of the one-dimensional heat equation, and solved using the Unified Transform Method. We obtain the exact solution for a general homogeneous time-dependent flow field, and apply it to a range of physically relevant situations. In a particle coming to a halt in a quiescent environment, the Basset history force speeds up the decay as stretched-exponential at short time while slowing it down to a power-law relaxation, $\sim t^{-3/2}$, at long time. A particle settling under gravity is shown to relax even more slowly to its terminal velocity ($\sim t^{-1/2}$), whereas this relaxation would be expected to take place exponentially fast if the history term were to be neglected. For a general flow, our approach makes possible a numerical scheme for arbitrary but smooth flows without increasing memory demands and with spectral accuracy. We use our numerical scheme to solve an example spatially varying flow of inertial particles in the vicinity of a point vortex. We show that the critical radius for caustics formation shrinks slightly due to history effects. Our scheme opens up a method for future studies to include the Basset history term in their calculations to spectral accuracy, without astronomical storage costs. Moreover our results indicate that the Basset history can affect dynamics significantly.