Hasil untuk "Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment"

زهره صالحی نژاد, محمد مهدی محمدی پور, سیدعلی المدرسی

ساخت‌وساز غیرمجاز از چالش‌های اساسی در توسعه شهری به شمار می‌رود. بیشتر ساخت‌وسازهای غیرمجاز در شهرهای بزرگ ایران، مربوط به تخلفات ارتفاعی و احداثی، پروانه ساخت و مربوط به کاربری‌های تجاری است. روش‌های رایج جهت کنترل ساخت‌وساز زمان‌بر و پرهزینه است. ازاین‌رو هدف اصلی این پژوهش ارائه چارچوبی جهت برآورد سریع و کم‌هزینه، در نظارت و آشکارسازی ساختمان‌های غیرمجاز و تخلفات ارتفاعی منطقه امام شهر یزد به دلیل تراکم جمعیت، ساخت‌وساز و پتانسیل بالای مهاجر پذیری، با استفاده از تلفیق تصاویر ماهواره راداری سنتینل 1 و اپتیک سنتیل 2 در بازه زمانی 2015 تا 2020 است. بدین منظور پس از تصحیحات هندسی و رادیومتریک تصاویر با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SNAP و ENVI ،برای جداسازی و تفکیک ساختمان‌ها بر اساس ارتفاع، نخست با استفاده از ویژگی‌های بافتی شامل میانگین ، واریانس و نبود تشابه در پلاریزیشن VV،VH باهم در یک دسته قرارگرفته و با استفاده از روش طبقه‌بندی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی، سطوح نفوذناپذیر شهری و ارتفاع ساختمان‌ها و استفاده از تصاویر اپتیکی برای شناسایی سایه ساختمان ها استخراج گردید. نتایج پردازش‌ها، میانگین ضریب کاپا و دقت کلی تصاویرسنتینل -1با پلاریزیشن VV برابر 16/77و 5/79 درصدو در پلاریزیشن VH برابر 16/79 و 66/80 درصد و برای نقشه طبقه‌بندی شبکه عصبی تصاویر سنتینل -2، 73و66/75درصد ؛ هم چنین تعداد و مساحت ساخت وسازهای غیرمجاز نشان داد که درسال 1394محدوده مورد مطالعه بیشترین میزان ساخت و ساز غیرمجازنسبت به سایر سال‌های مطالعاتی به سبب ضعف در بازدید میدانی پلیس ساختمان ، خلا قانونی برخورد با متخلفین و نحوه رسیدگی یا عوامل تخلف(شهرداری،شهروند) اشاره دارد.

Gunwoo Kim, Galen D. Newman, B. Jiang

Vacant land presents many challenges for older financially distressed cities. Community engagement is a very important element to solve the urban vacant land problem and assist in long term regeneration. This paper reviews what plans, policies, implementation methods, and community engagement process were developed to overcome barriers and challenges to vacant land projects. Most studies reveal that the importance of community engagement process in terms of understanding the problems and potential value of vacant land, redevelopment process, financial support, regulation, and neighborhood organizations participation for vacant land projects. To encourage community engagement to repurpose vacant land, municipalities should have to provide adequate information about vacant land conditions and their potentials in terms of ecological and social value. Code enforcement and tax foreclosure are efficient ways to control vacant land and the abandoned building problem. Tax incentive systems, such as high taxation rates on land but a low rate or no tax at all on infill development on vacant land, tax credits on vacant land forest structure, and rehabilitation abatement on abandoned buildings can increase public investment in vacant land. Local governments should support such efforts by creating community involvement groups, such as neighborhood coordinators, civic leaders, CDCs (Community Development Corporations), and other community-based nonprofit organizations. Community engagement is not specific planning, but it is part of an ongoing process in planning strategies to urban regeneration and renewal vacant land.

Marisol Ugalde-Monzalvo

This study examines the sustainability of urban growth, described by patterns of environmental fitness. The main assumption is that resource use—energy, materials, electricity, water, fossil fuels, soil, and humans—describes growth patterns whose sustainability can be categorized according to environmental fitness, which is assessed by the availability of environmental resources (characteristics of the environment) and the adaptation of the city to this availability (characteristics of the built environment). The article offers an innovative perspective by proposing a model for categorizing the sustainability of urban growth based on environmental fitness, but also by providing a mean to understand the city as a process and the city as a satisfier of needs. The methodology comprises two parts: (1) creating a matrix of indicators of urban environmental fitness and (2) constructing an urban growth sustainability index. From this methodology, six patterns emerged: (i) Economizing growth: available resources with maximum urban adaptation; (ii) Weak growth: availability of resources with minimal urban adaptation; (iii) Efficient growth: availability of resources with appropriate urban adaptation; (iv) Deficient growth: availability of resources without urban adaptation; (v) Efficient growth and of investment: lack of resources with urban investment; and (vi) Deficient growth and of degradation: lack of resources with urban deterioration and wear. The finding of these sustainable urban growth patterns demonstrates the concrete application of environmental adaptation theories and an understanding of the global behavior of cities. The empirical results support the assertion that urban growth presents challenges and potentials in terms of reduction, of reuse, and recycling; of urban sprawl, urban renewal, redevelopment and infill growth, and the efficiency and maintenance of urban infrastructure as guidelines for urban sustainability.

Henry Ojobo, Paul Agboola Oluwagbemiga , Kasham Jummai Shamang

This study investigates the influence of urban green landscapes on the Quality of Life (QoL) in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria, focusing on residents' perceptions and sustainable urban development strategies. Conducted from May to July 2023, the quantitative research surveyed 377 residents using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis, including correlation and t-tests, was performed using SPSS version 23. Findings reveal a positive perception of urban green spaces, significantly contributing to residents' QoL. Key results include high satisfaction with green areas enhancing environmental beauty (Mean=4.88, SD=0.90) and providing recreational appeal (Mean=4.45, SD=0.95). Additionally, these areas significantly impact perceived value (Mean=4.78, SD=0.93), prestige (Mean=4.92, SD=8.18), and attachment to the environment (Mean=4.71, SD=0.831). Residents with accessible and functional green spaces express higher satisfaction levels (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.9). The study underscores the importance of urban greenery in improving urban living conditions and offers strategic recommendations for sustainable urban planning. Addressing a gap in literature, this research provides empirical insights into residents' perspectives within Kaduna Metropolis, contributing to academic discourse and practical urban development approaches.

Nafis Sadat, Hameem Sheikh, Md Asaduzzaman

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a critical environmental challenge in the 21st century, intensified by rapid urbanization and industrialization. This study focuses on Rajshahi, a rapidly urbanizing city in Bangladesh, where the UHI effect has already begun to manifest significantly. Utilizing ENVI-met software, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of urban vegetation strategies, such as green roofs and street planting, in mitigating local temperatures and improving outdoor thermal comfort in Rajshahi's Central Business District. The findings reveal that these mitigation strategies can reduce air temperatures by up to 10 Kelvin, providing substantial cooling benefits. This research highlights the importance of integrating green infrastructure into urban planning to combat the UHI effect, enhance sustainability, and improve the overall livability of urban environments. The study offers valuable insights and practical recommendations for urban planners and policymakers, aiming to foster resilient and sustainable urban development in rapidly growing cities like Rajshahi.

سید محمد مهدی حسینی کیا, لیلا مدقالچی, آیدا ملکی et al.

مسئله یافتن شیوه مناسب تحلیل یک فضا همواره ذهن پژوهشگران را معطوف به خودساخته است. اغلب تحقیقات فضایی تنها با استفاده از یکی از روش‌ها و تکنیک‌های تحقیق کمی و یا کیفی انجام می‌گردد و نتایج آن‌ها تنها قسمتی از ویژگی‌های فضایی را روشن می‌نماید. هدف از این پژوهش، تحلیل تطبیقی دو روش چیدمان فضایی که بر ساختار فضایی تمرکز دارد و رویکرد «پروژه برای فضاهای عمومی» (PPS[1]) که بر کیفیت محیط از طریق شاخص‌های تعریف‌شده مانند جامعه‌پذیری، دسترسی، کاربری‌ها و فعالیت‌ها، راحتی و تصویر تمرکز دارد و نیز امکان کاربرد هم‌زمان آن‌ها می‌باشد که درک کیفیت مکان موردمطالعه را ممکن می‌سازد. از دلایل انتخاب این شیوه‌ها می‌توان به کارایی، گستردگی استفاده و رویکرد کمی و کیفی آن‌ها اشاره نمود. این پژوهش از این دو روش به‌منظور سنجش کیفیت فضایی بازار تاریخی شهر تبریز به‌عنوان یک اثر شاخص معماری و شهرسازی استفاده می‌کند. مقادیر کمی شیوه چیدمان فضایی شامل همپیوندی، اتصال و قابل‌فهم بودن می‌باشد. در یافته‌های این مطالعه، تفاوت‌هایی بین نتایج این دو روش مشخص گردید. PPS با بازخورد کاربران بازار در مورد اثرات اجتماعی- فرهنگی، عوامل محیطی موجود در بازار را ارزیابی کرده است و تحلیل چیدمان فضا به‌طور کامل با مفروضاتی در مورد رفتار فردی ازنظر ساختار کالبدی بازار منطبق است. در مقایسه با چیدمان فضا که تحرک و نحوه حرکت کاربران در بازار تبریز را با شاخص‌های موفولوژیک تعیین می‌کند، PPS  با در نظر گرفتن عوامل انسانی، وضعیت زندگی در فضاهای بازار را بهتر آشکار می‌کند. در انتهای این مطالعه نتیجه‌گیری می‌گردد که ترکیب این دو روش می‌تواند رویکرد جایگزین جدیدی برای نتایج جامع و قابل‌اعتماد در سنجش کیفیت فضاها ارائه دهد. [1] Project for public spaces

Milačić Dragan

The development of modern tourism, by the principles of sustainable development and ecological responsibility, is subject to numerous doubts, consequences, and abuses. Ecological sustainability implies harmonious development with environmental processes, biological diversity, and resources. Despite the tendency to develop tourism by the principles of environmental responsibility, sustainable development implies the assumption of responsibility by all who are involved in the development of tourism in any way. The tourism industry of Serbia, as well as all institutions in the field of tourism, is faced with the task of establishing sustainable and responsible development to preserve all essential values of the natural and social environment as part of the tourist product and achieve the necessary balance in meeting the needs of tourists. Environmental management should provide answers on ways to meet consumer demands and the ecological requirements of the environment. Organizations that, in creating their strategies, are guided by the current requirements imposed by the natural environment, find new opportunities to attract consumers and develop their business.

Chiara Barone

This study explores the potential of connecting the visible cityscape with concealed subterranean spaces, aiming to reshape urban continuity. It departs from the traditional perception of underground areas as purely technical domains, seeking fresh perspectives on inhabiting these concealed environments. Using three Naples locations as case studies, we develop a methodology applicable to similar urban contexts, emphasizing the archaeological underground's ability to trigger socio-economic transformations. Accordingly, it advocates for deliberate design interventions to reintegrate the archaeological underground into contemporary urban dynamics, offering strategies to redefine the relationship between city dwellers and their urban environment. Through case studies and visual representations, the study presents design solutions that enhance the use of subterranean spaces, fostering accessibility, community engagement, and cultural preservation. These initiatives promote enduring economic sustainability, potentially benefiting other cities facing similar challenges, and creating a harmonious connection between archaeological underground layers and the modern urban fabric. In summary, this research underscores the vast potential of subterranean spaces for future urban development, requiring innovative methodologies and technological integration to shape a unified and adaptable cityscape.

Paul Baba Haruna, Stella Zubairu, Remi Ebenezer Olagunju et al.

This study investigates liveability in the context of sustainable public housing in Niger State, Nigeria, where existing housing efforts have fallen short of residents' satisfaction. Recognizing the critical link between liveability indicators and environmental sustainability, this research aims to identify key liveability variables that could be integrated into the design and construction of sustainable public housing. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study involved cluster sampling for selecting housing estates and units, followed by the administration of 910 questionnaires containing 102 questions on liveability variables. Analytical techniques, including Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis, were used to group, refine, and validate the liveability variables. The results revealed 21 significant variables that collectively could achieve a 92.9% satisfaction rate among residents if incorporated into public housing design. These findings underline the potential of addressing liveability in the pursuit of sustainable housing solutions, offering insights for urban planners, architects, and policymakers. By focusing on the residents' perspectives, the study contributes to a more user-centred approach in public housing development, promoting long-term satisfaction and reducing the need for post-occupancy alterations.

Hui Zou, Xuejun Duan, Tingting Jin

China is in a transitional period between urban renewal and industrial change. In this period, the focus has been on the suburbanization of enterprises and land transformation in old industrial areas, particularly areas with chemical industries. A life cycle theoretical framework was established to develop chemical industrial zones in the context of urban expansion and land function conversion. The long-term historical processes and mechanisms that transformed a typical old chemical industry area along the Yangtze River, Yanziji Area of Nanjing City were unveiled and comparatively analyzed. The study found that the entire life cycle of the case study area was formed through the combined action of different influencing factors. Traditional industrial location factors played important roles during the rise and continuity of the chemical industry zone, while unconventional environmental regulations and government policies drove its decline and transformation. In the transformation of the old chemical zone, the renewal and redevelopment of industrial land into higher-value residential land is a key link determining the feasibility of government fund compensation and the circulation of capital. These findings demonstrate that regional control and environmental regulation play crucial roles in determining the location of polluting industries and the renewal of urban industrial areas. This research enhances the understanding of the development history and reconstruction of chemical industry clusters and plots within megacities at a finer geographic scale.

Derek Hyra

While certain US cities are still depopulating, others have experienced a reversal of aggregate out-migration patterns. Some scholars, politicians and real estate boosters celebrate this urban population influx, as it will likely increase property values and municipal tax bases; however, we know little about the social costs associated with the back-to-the-city movement. This study investigates the consequences of the back-to-the-city movement through a four-year (2009–2012) ethnographic case study of the revitalisation of Washington, DC’s Shaw/U Street neighbourhood. The redevelopment of this African-American neighbourhood is associated with the city’s 5.2 percent population increase, which occurred between 2000 and 2010. While affordable housing efforts help to keep a portion of long-term, low-income residents in place, political and cultural displacement is occurring as upper-income newcomers flock into this neighbourhood. This article contributes to the urban literature by highlighting that population influx, and associated neighbourhood revitalisation, can have important social implications.

Delfina Yanti, Melani Cahyani, Dedi Hantono

Pasar Jiung adalah pasar tradisional yang berada di daerah Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat yaitu berada di sisi Jalan Benyamin Sueb, Jalan Haji Ung, Jalan Kemayoran Gempol Barat, dan Jalan Kemayoran Gempol Utara. Pada saat siang Pasar Jiung ini adalah jalan raya yang dilalui banyak kendaraan umum maupun pribadi sedangkan saat malam hari jalan raya berubah menjadi Pasar Malam Jiung yang sangat ramai yang terdiri dari kios tenda yang berderet pada ruas Jalan Kemayoran Gempol. Pada dasarnya kios tenda yang ada di Pasar Malam Jiung ini merupakan milik warga yang berada di sekitar Pasar Jiung maupun luar kawasan tersebut bahkan luar Kota Jakarta. Aktivitas maupun sirkulasi di Pasar Jiung cukup padat baik dari kendaraan bermotor maupun para pejalan kaki yang sering menyebabkan kemacetan di sekitar Pasar Jiung dan sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kegiatan aktivitas permukiman dan Pasar Jiung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah aktivitas pasar yang membentuk ruang yang tidak nyaman dan tidak teratur. Namun ketidaknyamanan ini masih menampung aktivitas yang berlanjut karena kebutuhan akan nilai ekonomi dari barang yang ditawarkan pasar tersebut

Branislava Simic

Urban renewal of the coastal area has regained importance in recent years. The main problem with the city's coastal area is often the insufficient utilization of its potential. The paper analyzes the process of urbanization and treatment of the waterfront through three historical periods: 1. traditional city, 2. during Modernism and 3. contemporary urbanism. Belgrade is chosen as a case study because it is located on the banks of the two rivers the Sava and the Danube, and throughout history, rivers had a significant role in the urban development of the city. A polygon for the methodology of urban morphological research for this paper was the contrast between the Old Belgrade and traditional city core and the New Belgrade created on the principle of the modern movement in architecture. The paper aims to research the relationship between the city and the river waterfront by the method of compare spatial-temporal transformations and to reveal the positive and negative elements of each period of urbanization. The result of the analysis indicates a changed treatment of the river waterfront through the time - from the fortified city isolated from the river to the gradual descent of the city center near the coast.

Erick de Oliveira Faria, Victor Pouillaude, Valentine Crépel et al.

From the year 1982, new possibilities were given to the spatial organization of the French territory. In these spaces, the actions of social groups are recognized. Therefore, the social group builds the territory but the environment in which it lives also influences it. This paper studies the case of the Jazz in Marciac festival as an example of territorial development associated with the dimension of the voluntary commitment of the population towards a common objective and a source of debate. This jazz festival takes place at the village of Gers, Marciac and is guided by the principles of popular education. Today it gives life to its territory through national and international recognition as one of the most recognized jazz festivals. This is why we decided to ask ourselves about the causes of success at the jazz festival in a French village. So the questions came out: what does this imply in terms of development at the scale of its surroundings? Why and how this festival contributed to authentic development to the extent of its territory. The territory of Marciac turned a music festival into a local development opportunity, by its strength for cultural tourism, the valuation of local heritage and the improvement of living conditions. So the festival has become a showcase for local productions and a driving force for regional planning, it improves cultural, social and economic aspects of its territory.

OUAFA LOUAFI

Urban displacements are a major challenge for the economic and social development of the city and are a sign of the quality of life. They are defined by less congestion, less pollution, congestion and urban sprawl. In Algeria, the new urban policies are seen as the beginning of a positive transformation of the city's situation, which degradation seems to have originated in a lack of coordination between planning, the deregulation of the transport sector and the urban planning of cities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a transportation policy based on a logic of sustainable development of the urban area where the optimization of mobility is required. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of developing the most adequate operating policies for the various modes of transport that are the most appropriate in the capital city of Algiers and to implement an investment program in the management of mobility in order to transform the city.

Nadereh Afzhool

Human settlements have constantly provided to accommodate the wellbeing, security and the prosperity of their residents regarding plan and closeness of area to water, sustenance and other crucial assets. Safety and security have been critical issues all through history, from the early ancient period to medieval and present-day urban areas. In light of the populace development and quick urbanization that propels everywhere throughout the world, crime has turned out to be a standout amongst the most genuine social issues.  Regardless, this issue is as yet uncertain as crime rates far and wide continue heightening. Dealing with and diminishing the pessimistic impacts of crime on human life will provoke more conspicuous controls and further welcome more enthusiasm of both the general population and the Community. This exploration will talk about crime and economical design concerning man and its condition with a view to decreasing the effect it has on man and nature. Designers and other design experts should mull over the encompassing condition keeping in mind the end goal to lessen. The design of structures and the game plan public offices and other outside spaces can influence the chance of crime and the level of dread of crime.

Monika Maria CYSEK-PAWLAK

As accessibility becomes a basic need of modern society, the issue of sustainable transportation continues to gain importance. On the large scale, it concerns interconnecting cities and metropolises, and, on a smaller scale, it refers to connection networks for pedestrians, cyclists and other means of public transport. The study aims to assess the importance of sustainable transport as a principle of New Urbanism in contemporary redevelopment projects. It introduces possible ways of implementing these principles, as well as dangers coming from misunderstanding them. The approaches and methods used in this article combine field studies conducted during the research trips, desk research and interviews with professionals at various stages of two urban renewal projects – Clichy Batignolles (France) and the main train station area in Lodz (Poland). The study revealed the strategic role of rail line redevelopment projects in both rebuilding the continuity of the urban fabric (Clichy Batignolles) and in creating a new centrality for an area with attractive cultural activities and services (Lodz). As urban project timeframes are often long, both case studies show that high flexibility and the ability to adapt investments to changing conditions are often required. Nevertheless, the realization of the key infrastructure elements should be maintained all along. Furthermore, functional diversity can provide an important support for the sustainability of the project as it ensures the quality of urban tissue through height level representative public projects, thereby giving the area in question a new image. As exemplified by the housing policy in France, the distribution of functions can also serve as a pertinent response to the strategic needs of the entire agglomeration as well as a useful solution to local problems. One of the most crucial elements of redevelopment projects is the implementation of sustainable transportation that provides quick and comfortable connections by various means of public transport within different urban scales: metropolises, cities, districts and the city. As an element of sustainable urban policy, an effective public transportation network in the inner city should be supported by the limitation of car park ratio for non-residents within the redevelopment project. Altogether, the impact that other New Urbanism principles exert on developing urban structures is a pertinent question. Today, the real challenge for this movement has moved into the city, rather than on the outskirts, as in the past.