Maria Alonso Luaces, Kristina M Bridges, Natabhona M Mabachi
et al.
Purpose Traditional discussions of race-related health inequities in medical education often focus on the racialized individual, neglecting the role of systemic racism and other oppressive structures that drive resource inequities. Structural competency equips healthcare providers and trainees to critically analyze how structural racism creates health disparities. Method This study used focus groups with medical students (n = 56) and key informant interviews with faculty (n = 9) at a single academic medical center to explore experiences and perceptions of discussions about structural competency and the health effects of structural racism in small group learning communities. Activity Theory served as the analytical framework to understand environmental factors shaping these discussions, highlighting primary and secondary contradictions within the model activity system. Results The analysis revealed several tensions within the activity system that impacted discussions about race, structural racism, and inequities including, (1) questions of whether structural competency should be an explicit medical school outcome, (2) persistent biases in the curriculum, (3) faculty discomfort and limited expertise in leading discussions, (4) questions about who bears responsibility for facilitating these conversations, and (5) implicit and explicit rules shaping which types of knowledge are prioritized. Conclusions These findings inform the development of educational tools and faculty support strategies to enhance teaching and learning around structural competency in medical education.
Although research offers valuable perspectives on educational practice, the transfer from findings to teaching is reportedly limited. This article explores reasons for this disparity and considers evidence-based teacher education in light of teacher learning. Drawing on personal experience as both teacher trainer and researcher, the author examines how research can be accessible by linking it to teacher inquiry and context, and argues for shifting focus from the perceived research-practice gap towards an approach that seeks to bridge teacher thinking, acting, and becoming.
Language and Literature, Special aspects of education
For students with disabilities in rural locations, there can be unique barriers related to postsecondary transition. Reverse Career Fairs (RCFs), wherein employers take the role of attendees and students with disabilities focus on showcasing their skills and talents, are one way to provide U.S. students with experiences that support evidence-based predictors of post-school outcomes. An option for navigating these barriers is described through a framework used to foster postsecondary transitions for students with disabilities in rural settings through the implementation of RCFs. RCFs provide inclusive postsecondary opportunities by restructuring traditional approaches to career exploration and promoting meaningful connections between students with disabilities and prospective employers. A framework identifying key role groups and phases in facilitating an RCF and pilot results of one Special Education Regional Technical Assistance Center are provided.
The work is devoted to the study of the problems of forming a full-fledged set of competencies of engineers, contributing to their professional implementation and ensuring the personnel sovereignty of domestic enterprises. The necessity of participation in the training of engineering personnel of enterprises of the real sector of the economy, especially the high-tech sector, is substantiated. The role of integration of technical universities and enterprises in the process of personnel training to ensure technological and personnel sovereignty of the Russian industry is shown. The personnel sovereignty of the Russian economy is impossible without attracting a sufficient number of highly qualified specialists who have received education in relevant, practice-oriented programs that include not only basic knowledge, skills and training skills, but also "soft" skills that allow you to choose and apply successful behavioral and communication strategies in various production situations. The main factors that need to be guided by when building an effective system for training engineers are identified. Underestimation of these factors, leading to the exclusion of disciplines such as business planning, resource management, and business communications from the educational programs of technical universities, reduces the effectiveness of training graduates who replenish the personnel corps of enterprises, therefore, special attention is paid in the article to the problem of forming a set of competencies of engineers that contribute to their professional implementation and, ultimately, ensuring human resources the sovereignty of the high-tech sector of the economy.
Education (General), Theory and practice of education
Claudio Lopes Simplicio, Joseph Purita, William Murrell
et al.
Background and Study Aim. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiotherapy methods used to treat tennis elbow, emphasizing the importance of understanding its pathophysiology and etiology to inform effective treatment strategies.
Material and Methods. This review explores a range of physiotherapy interventions, including manual therapies that alleviate pain and improve joint function. Techniques such as joint mobilization, soft tissue massage, and myofascial release are highlighted. Additionally, exercise rehabilitation plays a key role, with individualized exercise programs designed to strengthen weakened muscles and improve elbow biomechanics. The study utilized the Harzing Publish or Perish application for its literature search, sourcing relevant studies from Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords like "Cyriax," "myofascial release," "tendinitis," "trigger points," "tennis elbow," and "degeneration." Boolean operators "WITH," "AND," and "OR" were employed to refine the search results..
Results. Various physiotherapy approaches, including manual therapy, the Cyriax method, deep friction massage, Mill manipulation, myofascial release techniques, laser therapy, pulse shortwave diathermy, and ultrasound, have demonstrated positive outcomes in reducing pain, enhancing function, and promoting tissue repair.
Conclusion. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the critical role physiotherapy plays in the effective management of tennis elbow. By compiling the latest research and best practices, it offers valuable insights for practitioners seeking to improve patient outcomes for this prevalent and disabling condition.
Purpose This paper aims to analyze the link between universities and business incubators (BIs) and to determine how students, scientific researchers and entrepreneurs can benefit from this linkage. It creates an environment in which everyone can help the other to put their new ideas, special skills and abilities into new businesses. In other words, the traditional universities’ role has changed and entrepreneurial universities are now needed to redirect new knowledge for economic development through BIs. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts an analytical descriptive methodology approach to describe the basic features of the data by using the descriptive research design. This research is based on examining a model provided by the author concerning boosting the entrepreneurial aspects and outcomes through university business incubators (UBIs) based on wide theoretical and empirical case studies. Also, the functional structural approach is used to investigate the relationship between two variables as UBIs are considered a new unit that has functions and structures to create an added value to universities and the society as a whole. Findings The educational system should create a favorable environment that enables young people to develop their mindset from employees to employers, and to prepare them to improve skills and knowledge to create jobs. UBI is the recent aspect of the BI evolution where the research outcomes are linked with the industry and development. This relationship between these entities will provide success to its stakeholders. Social implications Many incubators around the world are supported by universities. Others are making initiatives to link up with universities and higher education institutions to get the revenues and returns from its academic nature. Lately, university incubators became a type of incubator evolution and more supportive for entrepreneurs than other types of incubators. Originality/value The contribution of this study is to explain how UBIs succeeded to tie the results of scientific research with economy and development through entrepreneurial activities to accelerate and realize entrepreneurship strategies.
Ana Lúcia do Carmo Narciso, Reginaldo Fernando Carneiro
O ensino de álgebra nos anos iniciais tem sido discutido mais recentemente em nosso país e é uma área muito importante da matemática que deve ser abordada desde os primeiros anos escolares. O objetivo, desta investigação, foi analisar a abordagem de álgebra presente nos Planos de Estudos Tutorados – PET – do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental em Minas Gerais. Desenvolveu-se uma análise documental desses materiais que foram disponibilizados pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais para o ano de 2020 como alternativa para dar continuidade ao ano letivo durante a suspensão das aulas presenciais devido à pandemia. A partir das análises, constatou-se que as atividades presentes nos materiais se voltam para estimular o reconhecimento de padrões e o estabelecimento de generalizações entre os termos de uma sequência, além da compreensão de conceitos matemáticos que exercem influência na aprendizagem de conteúdos algébricos em níveis de ensino mais avançados.
Purpose Against the background of earlier publications on the future of facilities management (FM) and acknowledging digitalization and sustainability as two major shaping forces, the purpose of this paper is to place contributions to the special issue in the perspective of current opportunities for FM research. Design/methodology/approach After a review of publications since the 1980s, dealing with the future of FM, there is an analysis of how the forces of digitalization and sustainability have emerged over five decades. The articles of this special issue are introduced against this background. Opportunities for future FM research are identified, and the relation between research, education and practice is discussed. Findings Megatrends outlined in the 1980s still shape how FM develops. Digitalization supports sustainability not only through workplace change and building design but also through performance measurement, certification schemes and an awareness of the wider urban context. Research limitations/implications Opportunities for FM research are created by digitalization and concerns with sustainability, combining environmental and social aspects. Relations between organizations studied in an FM context are important. Within organizations, employee issues and risk management are emphasized. Practical implications Policies and schemes for sustainable buildings should be linked to sustainable FM more clearly. The relation between research, education and practice needs to be consolidated as a basis for research and development, as illustrated by a number of studies belonging to this special issue. To reach the goals of sustainable development, we need to develop the knowledge and theoretical frameworks that can be applied to and used by practice. The recent ISO FM definition appears as narrow and should be extended to recognize facilities’ life-cycle issues as well as broader urban and social concerns. Originality/value This paper highlights the importance of basing FM research on an understanding of the fundamental forces that shape change.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses can be a useful method for synthesizing evidence across multiple studies to draw conclusions about a research base. An important aspect of rigorous systematic reviews is an assessment of the study methods and potential biases impacting results or interpretations and conclusions of the primary studies. Single-case design (SCD) research has been a primary mechanism for identifying evidence-based practices across disciplines, but primarily in behavioral fields and special education. While the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool has been adapted for use in reviews of non-randomized studies, there is currently no guidance for evaluating SCD research. Hence, we developed a single case design risk of bias tool (SCD RoB) based on current conceptualizations of biases that might affect the validity of claims from single-case design research. We used the Cochrane risk of bias criteria and contemporary single-case design quality indicators and design standards to guide development. We describe the SCD RoB tool and two early applications of its use to demonstrate its application and provide initial validation. We also provide an overview of future areas of research using the SCD RoB tool in an effort to advance the science of single-case design research methods.
The aging population implies important changes at various levels. From the ancient years to the 19 century, human life expectancy doubled from 20 years to 40 years. However, this life expectancy doubled fast to 80 years from the 19 century to the 20 century and continuously increased in the 21 century. This fact implies important socioeconomic and health challenges. Aging entails a greater need to care for aspects related to primary aging (physical changes due to aging) and to secondary aging (ailments with risks increase in old age). Undoubtedly, cancer risk increases exponentially with age. About 60% of cancers occur in people 65 years of age or older. Furthermore, about 70% of the deaths caused by cancers occur in this stage. Therefore, cancer is a disease of old age. Taking into account the increase in cancer occurrence and the quality of life among the elderly population, a special approach is necessary for the diagnosis, treatment, and survival of elderly patients with cancer. Cancer of the elderly exhibits slower growth because their body already has a slower rate of cell development than those of young ones. However, some data show that elderly with tumors have worse prognosis because of delayed diagnosis. Thus, the elderly should learn about the right attitude and knowledge to combat cancer. Older people have cancer‐related experiences in the Big C era when little information about cancer was still available. Personal and family experiences are of fear and concealment, and terminal phases are painful and full of suffering. People often retain these emotional memories and become immune to new information. Therefore, a number of cures or changes regarding what cancer means today sometimes do not arrive as clearly as their own experience to which they often give an assessment of the only truth. Meanwhile, old people tend to label themselves as part of the elderly population. Thus, any health concern or distress is quickly attributed to old age. This case occurs because of the attitude not only of older people but also of their relatives and friends including health staff. Psychosocial reactions to cancer are related to many personal aspects, including society, culture, education, and family. Age is associated with different ways of coping with the disease. We defend that more than talking about age, we should start tackling about life cycle because some aspects Tania Estapé
O presente artigo decorre de uma análise das táticas de propagandas lidas, neste ensaio, como mecanismos de convencimento para a compra e o consumo de produtos que utilizam como slogans enunciados que se apoiam no discurso da sustentabilidade. Na composição foucaultiana aqui adotada, provoca-se a leitura da sustentabilidade como efeito de agenciamentos coletivos que produzem modos de vida, seduzidos por uma série de táticas de poder, dentre elas as estratégias empresariais, entendidas na atual fase do capitalismo mundial integrado como articuladas a uma estratégia de poder recente nas sociedades ocidentais. Apresentamos e discutimos neste texto dois exemplos de propagandas que caracterizam práticas de governamento analisadas sob a ótica da noção de dispositivo, o que orienta subjetividades operacionalizadas pelas estratégias de mercado verde. Entendemos a noção de dispositivo como central, não apenas por que sustenta, mas porque se inclina a fabricar modos de vida cunhados sob o crivo do discurso sustável que enceta inúmeros setores de mercado. Na heterogeneidade de formas em que os dispositivos de controle operam, o marketing é aqui reconhecido como uma faceta das formas estratégias de poder em circulação, denominadas por ecogovernamentalidade.
BackgroundMultimorbidity is one of the most important and challenging aspects in public health. Multimorbid people are associated with more hospital admissions, a large number of drug prescriptions and higher risks of mortality. As there is evidence that multimorbidity varies with age and socioeconomic disparity, the main objective aimed at determining age-specific prevalence rates as well as exploring educational differences relating to multimorbidity in Germany.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis is based on the national telephone health interview survey “German Health Update” (GEDA2012) conducted between March 2012 and March 2013 with nearly 20,000 adults. GEDA2012 provides information on 17 self-reported health conditions along with sociodemographic characteristics. Multimorbidity was defined as the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one individual at the same time. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to examine multimorbidity according to age and education, which was defined by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 1997).ResultsOverall, 39.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 38.7%–40.6%) of the 19,294 participants were multimorbid and the proportion of adults with multimorbidity increased substantially with age: nearly half (49.2%, 95% CI 46.9%–51.5%) of the adults aged 50–59 years had already two or more chronic health conditions. Prevalence rates of multimorbidity differed considerably between the levels of education. Low-level educated adults aged 40–49 years were more likely to be multimorbid with a prevalence rate of 47.4% (95% CI 44.2%–50.5%) matching those of highly educated men and women aged about ten years older.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that both, age and education are associated with a higher risk of being multimorbid in Germany. Hence, special emphasis in the development of new approaches in national public health and prevention programs on multimorbidity should be given to low-level educated people aged <65 years.
In Indonesia, undergraduate thesis is still a pretty scary end task for most students. Many of them do procrastination, keep away from supervisors, do non-productive things as a form of anxiety diversion, and the most extreme is to commit suicide as a result of excessive academic anxiety on undergraduate thesis. The education counselor as one of the college internal agents is expected to solve the problems that often occur every year. Based on Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) counseling approach, the academic anxiety experienced by students is a cognitive distortion caused by maladaptive core beliefs. The process to change the student's core beliefs to be more adaptive can be done with a modern technique, that is through music. In its application, CBT counseling using integrative technique through music consists of two, passive and active music therapy. What we need to know more about how CBT views academic anxiety as a problem and how the way to use integrative technique through music, so that counselors in Indonesia can comprehend conceptually about CBT counseling intervention with music appropriately in the future, in order to help students free from academic anxiety towards undergraduate thesis.