Hasil untuk "Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law"

Alessandro Chiaraviglio, Sabrina Grimaldi, Giovanni Zenezini et al.

<i>Background:</i> Warehouses play a vital role in logistics systems, not only for storing goods but also for providing value-added services. To improve warehouse productivity and reduce costs, it is essential to measure their performance and identify inefficiencies. <i>Method</i>: This paper introduces a new aggregated key performance indicator (KPI), called Overall Warehouse Effectiveness (OWE), to evaluate the efficiency effectiveness of the physical structure of a warehouse. OWE utilizes the concepts of Availability, Performance and Quality, similar to the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) metric used in manufacturing. <i>Results:</i> The proposed indicator is then applied to a case study to demonstrate its use and provide theoretical and practical implications. <i>Conclusions</i>: In terms of theoretical implications, the proposed metric fills a gap in the literature by providing an aggregated indicator specifically designed for storage systems. For practitioners, OWE enables the identification of efficiency waste, customer service faults and adequacy of inventory management policies.

Christian Muñoz-Sánchez, Jesica Menéndez-García, Jorge Alejandro Silva et al.

<i>Background</i>: Blockchain has been extensively discussed for enhancing transparency, traceability, and trust in general; however, there is fragmented empirical evidence available with respect to this issue within maritime logistics. The objective is to integrate and categorize peer-reviewed publications concerning applications of blockchain in maritime logistics and related supply chain domains. <i>Methods</i>: A systematic literature review with PRISMA 2020 was performed in Scopus database, and after a process of screening and eligibility, a total of 78 journal articles published mainly from September 2024 were incorporated. Descriptive and bibliometric analyses were conducted, and VOS viewer-based bibliographic coupling were employed to visualize thematic structure. <i>Results</i>: The review identifies seven research priorities for blockchain in maritime logistics: Technological Interoperability, Economic and Operational Impact, Cybersecurity and Privacy, Adoption and Scalability, Decision-Making and Trust, Environmental Sustainability, and Standardization and Regulatory Frameworks. Blockchain’s primary advantages are enhanced data integrity and visibility, whereas key challenges include interoperability, legal/regulatory uncertainty (e.g., e-doc recognition), high costs, scalability ceilings, integration with legacy systems, and data governance fears. <i>Conclusions</i>: The application of blockchain in maritime logistics depends on combined technical and institutional enabling conditions; an Integrated Blockchain Adoption Framework (IBAF) is suggested, and providing practical guides based on standardization, legal convergence, and hybrid governance modes.

Chengjin Li

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape of International Trade Law in response to dynamic global forces. Tracing the historical foundations through mercantilism to the contemporary era, the research explores key developments such as the creation of the World Trade Organization, the rise of digitalization, and the integration of environmental and social considerations. Recent legal shifts are examined in terms of the broadening scope, enhanced structure, and augmented complexity of International Trade Law. The study highlights the transformative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and provides valuable insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers navigating the complexities of an interconnected and dynamic global economy. As International Trade Law adapts to emerging challenges, the study underscores its pivotal role in fostering fairness, justice, and global economic cooperation.

Fábio Santos, Mirela Miró Ziliotto

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o conflito aparente entre o dever de transparência da Administração Publica e o direito fundamental à proteção ao tratamento de dados pessoais. Assim, pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, apresentaram-se os contornos dogmáticos do direito de acesso à informação e do direito à proteção de dados pessoais, propondo-se a compatibilidade entre a Lei de Acesso à informação e a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais . Foram analisadas as hipóteses de tratamento de dados pessoais pelo Poder Público, buscando sanar o aparente conflito entre os preceitos fundamentais do direito de acesso à informação e do direito à proteção de dados pessoais, considerando em especial a publicidade inerente aos dados tratados no Portal Nacional de Contratações Públicas. Ao final, foram apresentadas as conclusões, no sentido de que ambas as leis que regulamentam os direitos fundamentais objeto de análise do presente estudo operam pela lente da redução de assimetria informacional nas relações entre Estado e cidadão. Diante disso, o dever do Estado de preservar a transparência não permite concluir que os dados pessoais possam ser publicizados de forma inconsequente e desnecessária e, tampouco, que a proteção daqueles seja justificativa vazia para impedir o acesso à informação.

Sholihul Hadi Mokh., Argeshwara Dityo Kreshna, Sendari Siti et al.

Electric vehicles are widely regarded as pivotal in driving the sustainability of transportation networks forward, thanks to their capacity to diminish carbon emissions, enhance air quality, and bolster the robustness of electricity grids. The accessibility of charging infrastructure and the subjective norms that endorse electric mobility actively shape the electric vehicles acceptance. In this study, Our main goal is to provide off-grid electric vehicle charging infrastructures and the data communication protocols that connect to servers. We analyze the specifications of the OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) with an emphasis on its applicabillity for electric charging stations for vehicles. Our research concludes that off-grid electric vehicle charging systems can be effectively applied to small electric vehicles such as electric motorcycles, scooters, and bicycles. The OCPP data communication protocol can also support interactions between small electric vehicle charging stations and central server management systems (CSMS). Furthermore, we tested the electric vehicle charging process for a duration of two hours, and the charging station consistently produced stable voltage, current, and power output, matching the inverter outputs and fulfilling the specifications required by electric vehicle charging adapters. Analysis of throughput data indicates a positive correlation between the number of operational ports at a charging station and the volume of data processed by the server. However, beyond a certain threshold a decline in data transactions was observed, attributable to data loss.

Guglielmo Papagni, Setareh Zafari, Johann Schrammel et al.

<i>Background:</i> Automated vehicles are increasingly entering logistics operations, driven by factors like controllability, standardization, and reduced risk. However, successful automation requires understanding the diverse perspectives of logistics stakeholders. <i>Method:</i> This paper investigates these perspectives through 28 interviews with representatives from five key stakeholder groups within the European Project AWARD’s four pilot sites. <i>Results:</i> Key findings highlight positive expectations for efficiency, safety, and reliability, but also identify critical prerequisites still to be met: further technological advancements, shifts in logistics roles and working conditions, regulatory improvements, and careful narrative building around technology. <i>Conclusions:</i> A deeper analysis of individual stakeholder groups and pilot site representatives reveals nuanced needs and concerns, emphasizing the importance of considering different perspectives and need for further research involving a wider range of stakeholder groups to fully capture the complexities of this emerging field.

Hassan Alkhiyami, Laoucine Kerbache, Majed Hadid

<i>Background</i>: Diverse marketing channels have been developed with the advent of digitalization. In the fresh food and grocery retail sector, consumers may have a large choice of channels to shop from. In this case, an analysis of their behavior is crucial for retailers. Therefore, the present paper provides a state-of-the-art review of existing papers dealing with consumers’ channel choice when buying groceries. <i>Methods</i>: A systematic literature review (SLR) is performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) procedure, identifying 36 research papers published in the last decade. <i>Results</i>: The results present the principal methodologies adopted by the analyzed research papers to address this topic, along with the various channels available to consumers to date. Other important outcomes of this review include the main variables that can affect consumer choice when deciding between the available channels and the limitations of the analyzed papers, along with suggestions for future research directions to address these limitations. <i>Conclusions</i>: This paper discusses the essential effects of consumers’ channel choice on the logistics and operation services of grocery retailers. It also provides an integrative framework linking the influencing factors of consumer choice with outcomes directly impacting grocery retailers’ logistics services.

Grzegorz Dobrowolski

Mohammad Hadi Mirshamsi, Hesam Jalaiyan Dehghani

The idea and the initial plan are the result and creation of the human mind and his Inventiveness; in addition, those play a constructive role in the formation of intellectual creations in both literary & artistic and industrial fields. Although in a developed and just legal system, the protection of the idea seems necessary, but its protection in the framework of intellectual property law faces serious theoretical challenges. The idea is out of not only the scope of protection of national and international intellectual property regulations but also theoretically, its protection and the granting of ownership monopoly to the creators of ideas is not justifiable and unchallenged. In this research, on the one hand, while examining the historical course of the importance and place of ideas in the formation And prosperity of the US film industry and cinema , the necessity of supporting idea makers in order to encourage and expand creative activities is explained, and on the other hand, The impossibility of supporting the idea of intellectual property law is analyzed in the framework and approach of the three theories of Natural rights, the instrumentalist theory of intellectual property rights and the theory of economic analysis. Due to that necessity and this challenge, the formation of the idea legal system is based on the American judicial procedure, which supports the creators of ideas in a different form, apart from intellectual property law and without granting ownership monopoly. Understanding the basics of these necessities and challenges and Understanding law of ideas system and its goals can be a starting point for protecting idea makers in Iran based on the capacities of this field of law.

Farzaad Soleymaani, Mohammad Ali Sandidzadeh

Recent advantages in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have provided suitable opportunities for providing suitable services to passengers. In this article, an intelligent transportation system is presented to provide the optimal route to passengers according to requested routes. The architecture and algorithm of this system are described. The purpose of this system is to optimize the cost and travel time of passengers. The dynamic programming method has been used to optimize the travel route, and by minimizing the cost function defined for the route requested by the passenger, the optimal route is presented to the passenger. In this article, the presented method has been implemented in the transport system of Tehran city (including metro lines and bus rapid transit (BRT) lines), and the optimal movement strategy has been extracted and provided to passengers for the routes chosen by the passengers.

Marcele Elisa Fontana, Natallya de Almeida Levino, José Leão et al.

<i>Background:</i> This paper proposes a risk analysis of transport requalification projects in the urban mobility problem caused by a mining disaster related to irregular rock salt extraction in the city of Maceió, Brazil. <i>Methods:</i> The model is composed of three main steps: problem definition, risk management, and decision analysis. For this purpose, we used the Picture Fuzzy-Delphi method for data collection and experts’ judgment elicitation and the Delphi method was used to assess the problem without interference from others. In addition, we used Picture Fuzzy Sets (PFSs) to incorporate uncertain information in the decision-making process. <i>Results:</i> The results of the proposed model demonstrated consistency and relevance to the discussion. The application of methods shows the risks of the project based on a general perspective. It evaluates the sustainability tripod: economic, environmental, and social points of view, assessing the occurrence risk and intensity of the risk. <i>Conclusions:</i> The main objective of the work was achieved; however, some limitations of this study are related to the methods used to assess risks and the options of projects of requalification available at the moment of data analysis. This paper contributes because it systematizes the risk management of projects related to requalification in urban mobility.

Amanda Cristina Gaban Filippi, Patricia Guarnieri, Cleyzer Adrian da Cunha et al.

<i>Background:</i> Given several bottlenecks in Brazil in distribution logistics, mainly in transport and warehouse activities, some new forms of collective action have appeared. The Condominiums of Rural Warehouses was conceived of to overcome these bottlenecks and provide better income and competitiveness to small producers in agribusiness. This article aims to analyse aspects of collective action with the focus of Rural Condominiums in the context of Brazilian agribusiness. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research under the Theory of Logic of Collective Action lens for this purpose. Besides conducting a literature review, we conducted a semi-structured interview with the managers of the Rural Warehouse Condominiums. We analysed the data through a Categorial Content Analysis. <i>Results:</i> The main results show an approximation of the rural model of the Condominiums of Rural Warehouses with the Theory of Logic of Collective Action, mainly for small producers. <i>Conclusions:</i> We highlight the feasibility of the warehouse structure collectively, as it strengthens and provides greater efficiency to rural business and producers, inserts and integrates the industry into a competitive market environment, provides economic and social benefits, leads to cost reduction, and increased profit. The economic, social and logistical determinants show the product’s commercialisation, logistical gains, and the producers’ association regarding the development and growth of rural collective action. This paper can be helpful for practitioners and researchers interested in this field.

Lázaro Florido-Benítez

<i>Background:</i> The main goal of this case study is to analyze the air traffic, air cargo, and the safety-hygiene air corridor between UK and Spain, in airports managed by MAG Group (UK) and AENA Group (Spain). <i>Methods</i>: To review the specific paradigm of research which discusses, investigates, and analyses the air traffic, air cargo, and the safety-hygiene air corridor between UK and Spain at airports managed by MAG (UK) and AENA (Spain). <i>Results</i>: The air traffic that airlines project onto the UK-Spain corridor has decreased due to the pandemic, but the result of this research shows that in the medium term, to implement the new Safety-Hygiene Air Corridor (SHAC) will return to economically nurture airlines, airports and destination thanks to vaccines, the digital COVID-19 certificate that will give more confidence to passengers to travel, and with new COVID-19 safety regulations at airports and airlines. Furthermore, the results of the research show the need to create Safety-Hygiene Air Corridor Elements (SHACE) to improve the air activity of these countries. <i>Conclusions:</i> The study contributes towards providing solutions such as those we propose in this study, the UK-Spain SHAC and SHACE will guarantee the value of corridors between countries, reduce the uncertainty of airlines, organizations, and passengers, to restore the tourism and aviation industries.

Sadegh Abdi, Narges Dibaei

Standby Letter of Credit is one of the tools that has gained more significance in the Banking Law field over the past decades. Nevertheless, this tool has not been adequately studied in many countries, including Iran. Thus, its role and status remain unclear. Considering the increasing importance and advantages of using this commerce tool, it proves necessary to study it carefully. After careful study of the Standby Letter of Credit's peculiarities, this research compares it with a similar tool, namely Demand Guarantee. Due to these tools' similar functions, which both guarantee the risks of transactions, it is imperative to delineate their differences carefully. In this research, we have tried to clarify the similarities and differences in the legal regimes governing the two types of documents, both from procedural and substantive angles. In conclusion, it seems that Standby Letter of Credit has many of the advantages of Demand Guarantee, and in some aspects, it has even more advantages, since there is no dispute on the admissibility of the principle of independence regarding them. Moreover, despite many similarities, we should consider the Standby Letter of Credit as an entirely different tool. Promulgation of separate regulations under the title of international provisions governing Demand Guarantee supports this idea. It should be noted that the article has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner

Mohammad Sadeghi

Expressing aspects of the conflict between the decision of public and governmental officials and bilateral agreements is not always limited and does not lead to the supremacy of public law over private law and, as the case may be, requires case attention. This subject is important not only in terms of supremacy of the public affairs on private law but also in terms of the nature and effect of the contracts. This article examines and explains the nature of public-government officials’ decisions and their impact on private contracts. In this line, generally adopted decisions, regulations, policies, and circular letters have been issued beyond private will. Moreover, its observance is in some way binding on the parties to the contract, and at the same time, the implementation of the contract is affected by it. The type and content of the decision can take on a different nature and ultimately impact the contract. Therefore, the nature of the subject must be reviewed in terms of institutions and other dimensions and, finally, its effects on contracts to be considered. The considerations will conclude that since the decision of public officials in some cases is based on law, regulation or implication if the parties did not consider this title (government action and ruling action) as force majeure, depending on the approach of legal systems - And in line with the principle of Stability in Contracts- it should be identified in terms of contract modification, third party obligation (legal obligation), change of circumstances (Hardship or Frustration of contract), and to respect the will in good faith of individuals. The contract was dissolved only in the absence of any of the required items.

Petra Butler

n/a

Denise Bittencourt Friedrich, Juliana Horn Machado Philippi

O artigo tem como objetivo estudar a inclusão digital e os usos de blockchain servirem como instrumentos para o desenvolvimento, considerando-se não apenas a liberdade, mas também a igualdade e a felicidade do povo. Analisa-se o desenvolvimento, com ênfase para a visão de Amartya Sen, no sentido de que o desenvolvimento não se baseia apenas em indicadores econômicos, sendo medido  de acordo com o desenvolvimento humano, com plenitude das liberdades. No entanto, pondera-se que não é suficiente atrelar o desenvolvimento apenas às liberdades, igualdade e felicidade. Considera-se o avanço das TICs na sociedade , com o entendimento de que a inclusão digital tem sido considerada como um direito fundamental, por estar intimamente relacionada à dignidade, mínimo existencial e melhoria das condições de vida. Relata panorama redes de blockchain, passando por seus principais usos, com destaque para a possibilidade de seu uso para fins humanitários, como a realização de identidades digitais, o que tem beneficiado especialmente os refugiados e comunidades carentes. Com isso, conclui-se que a inclusão digital e as redes de blockchain podem ser importantes ferramentas para o desenvolvimento, pois seus usos podem refletir na da qualidade de vida, na dignidade das pessoas e nas liberdades e igualdade.

Vijay Paidi, Roger G. Nyberg, Johan Håkansson

Last mile handover is the most problematic phase in the delivery process, while real-time communication and dynamic scheduling are major problem areas associated with attended last mile handovers. These problem areas need to be addressed holistically to facilitate efficient last mile handovers. The aim of this paper is to report the design and functionalities of a decision-support system which holistically addresses these problem areas. The functionalities of decision-support system which addresses dynamic scheduling and real-time communication problem areas are discussed using case studies. We conclude that a holistic decision-support system with multiparty communication among the stakeholders facilitates improving customer satisfaction, business opportunities and reducing operational costs for logistics companies.

Mona Haji, Laoucine Kerbache, Mahaboob Muhammad et al.

Food supply chains are considered to be more complex systems than other types of supply chains. This complexity is due to the continuous changes taking place, particularly in ensuring the quality of food products throughout the entire supply chain, from growing, procurement of resources, production, and management of stock, to distribution to the final consumers. For that, food supply chain markets have become more highly developed in the use of modern technologies, and have begun to implement them in their logistical systems to satisfy their customers’ needs. The main objectives of this review are to identify the different technological implementations in different phases of the food supply chain processes and point out the key factors for using technologies to improve the characteristics of the perishable food supply chain. A total number of 137 articles were analyzed in this research to achieve these review objectives. Some of the various technologies found in different phases of the food supply chain were radio frequency identification (RFID), the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, three-dimensional printing (3DP), autonomous vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These technologies were found in different phases of the food supply chain and improved the efficiency of supplying perishable foods. The review identified different characteristics of the perishable food supply chain. The main finding indicated that technological implementation enhances the efficiency and sustainability of the food supply chains and helps to retain perishable food characteristics.

Amalia Stuhldreher, Virginia Morales Olmos

Considerando los diversos desafíos del cambiante actual entorno internacional, marcado por la incertidumbre y por diversos riesgos pero que también abre oportunidades para la región latinoamericana, este trabajo analiza la búsqueda de articulación de las políticas energéticas, la situación en materia de las energías renovables en el contexto del MERCOSUR (Mercado Común del Sur) y los intercambios comerciales en materia energética, focalizando el caso del Uruguay y sus vínculos con los países vecinos Argentina y Brasil. Partiendo de una perspectiva de desarrollo sostenible, se revisa la evolución de las matrices energéticas y sus eventuales aportes en términos de mitigación del cambio climático. En este contexto destaca el proceso de inversiones en el sector de las energías renovables realizadas en Uruguay en los últimos años, que posibilitaron desde 2017 exportaciones a cargo de actores privados. Teniendo en cuenta la multidimensionalidad de los procesos de desarrollo, el trabajo explora algunas perspectivas que surgen de los procesos regionales y nacionales de cara a la promoción de modelos de desarrollo sostenible y el combate al cambio climático, incluyendo expresamente la complejidad del diálogo entre la dimensión medioambiental y la dimensión económico-comercial.